5.6 Oceania — The Antipodes of Innovation

The Antipodes of Innovation: How Geographic Isolation Became an AdvantageIn November 1949, in Sydney, a machine of two thousand vacuum tubes executed its first calculation. The CSIRAC joined an exclusive club: stored-program computers. There were only four others in the world — all in Great Britain or the United States.Australia had built the fifth.Trevor Pearcey worked "largely independently of European and American efforts." Isolation became an advantage: without access to others' solutions, he had to invent everything. In February 1948, before the machine even worked, he wrote a prophetic sentence: "It is not inconceivable that an automatic encyclopaedic service operated through the telephone system will one day exist."The Internet. In 1948.Graeme Clark had grown up with a deaf father. In 1978, he implanted the first multichannel cochlear device. Rod Saunders heard. Today, more than one million people wear a cochlear implant.WiFi? The CSIRO team developed a wireless transmission technique that became an essential component of modern networks. When fourteen tech giants tried to invalidate their patent, the CSIRO won — and collected four hundred fifty million dollars.Google Maps? Born in Sydney. Where 2 Technologies, founded by two Australians and two Danes in an apartment in Hunters Hill. Google acquired them in 2004.Atlassian? Ten thousand dollars of credit card debt in 2002. Australia's first tech unicorn.Oceania, at the antipodes of power centers, invented bridges to the entire world.