Lesson five is entitled David a king unlike all others and that is obviously a direct reference to a couple lessons ago Where he said Saul was a king just like all others so clearly there's a contrast that we're gonna see between Saul and David David's amazing Saul not so much so we're gonna be looking at chapters 16 through 20 with a lot more time being spent on chapter 16 and 17 Because it's just some amazing fun stuff with David and Goliath. That's a very fun story very famous Everybody knows about David and Goliath. It's much more than just an underdog story However, it has huge spiritual typological connections for us as Christians in our battle against our enemies It's really fantastic. So we're gonna spend a lot more time in chapter 17 going through all that the typology that's involved as well I think we're going to briefly hopefully not too briefly summarize the events of chapters 18 through 20 All righty, so chapter 16 We are straight on the heels of Saul's rejection Or rather I should say God's rejection of Saul in chapter 15 because he refused to obey the command to destroy the Amalekites And then he just really kept digging his grave deeper and deeper lying to Samuel making excuses blaming the people doubling Down on his lies and excuses until finally really he doesn't really repent He just wants to save face and asks for Samuel to go with him and all that stuff that we discussed back in lesson 4 So chapter 16 is on the heels of that story where God wants to have Samuel anoint a man after his own heart So that brings us to chapter 16 verses 1 and following let's read verses 1 through 5 and then we'll make some comments here Alright, so verse 1 the Lord said to Samuel how long will you grieve over Saul seeing that I've rejected him from being king over Israel Fill your horn with oil and go I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemites where I have provided before myself a king among his sons And Samuel said how can I go if Saul hears that he will kill me and the Lord said take a hepper with you and say I have come to sacrifice to the Lord and invite Jesse to the sacrifice I will show you what you shall do and you shall for me him whom I named to you Samuel did with the Lord commanded and he came to Bethlehem the elders of the city came to meet him trembling and said you come Peaceably and he said peaceably I've come to sacrifice the Lord consecrate yourselves, etc I'm gonna go ahead and do it all right We'll stop right there So here God so we don't know exactly how much time has passed between chapters 15 and 16 probably not too much time I've got is giving Samuel some directions to basically get up and get ready We have to move on I always think this is such an interesting thing here where it says you know God says to Samuel How long are you going to grieve over Saul?
He's sandals mourning for Saul's demise his failings his disobedience and his punishment I think this is really really interesting first and first of the sense that God says we got to move on right I've got great things planned Saul's made his choice is time to move forward You don't want to necessarily be wallowing in your morning in your grief There comes a point where you have to wash your face and get up I always find that really encouraging in my own life sometimes. It's just it's time to move forward So that's one point to talk about another point here is that this also makes me think of the second beatitude Right blessed are those who mourn for they shall be comforted Samuel is a good spiritual father as a prophet as a judge of Israel And then the very man who anointed Saul He's mourning over Saul's failures and sins and that's a big part of what that beatitude is about There's I don't want to get into a whole digression here on the second beatitude here But blessed are those who mourn mourning is those who mourn after of their own sin of other sin of sin death and suffering that has Plaking the world because of our disobedience if you mourn these these things that occur to us in the sense that we commit We will be comforted in other words if you repent of your sins you will be comforted right as kind of what's going on here I think of Saul in my own personal reflection. He's mourning Vitomize of Saul and God is comforting him saying get up it's time to move on I'm going to send you to the next man the man that I have chosen for myself. I have rejected Saul It's interesting that the word for reject God rejected Saul is the same word that is used back in chapter 8 verse 7 of how the people rejected God I find that it's very very fascinating in different commentaries like I have in your footnotes here describe that the word is in the us To reject the look the people rejected the Lord and wanted a king like all the other nations And so God ended up rejecting Saul that king like all the other nations because there's this whole play right there I mean you really need to accept God accept his law accept his grace in order to be Fruity fulfilled and peaceful right so I like that a lot so God says I've rejected him and now it's time for you to go Annoying a king for himself.
I love that line. I provided for myself a king among his sons So Saul was a king for Israel right Saul was a king that the people wanted So always a king like all the others God wants a king for himself God wants a king who loves God who has a heart for God and that was actually the verse that I really hope you Highlights and block off or do whatever you're gonna do in your Bible there to emphasize it God says in chapter 13 verse 14 That your kingdom shall not continue the Lord has sought out a man after his own heart That's the kind of king the kind of king that God wants a man after his own heart a king for himself And that's the proper king that the people actually need there's a big difference between what you want and what you need What you want is it necessarily what you need and we teach our children this all the time at least we should a lot of adults Don't understand is very principle and so David is going to be a king after God's own heart It's gonna be a king that God has set up for himself But also certainly for the people now Samuel responds to God saying well How can I do this if Samuel hears about he's gonna kill me? That's really really interesting how Samuel is afraid of Saul all right now this commentary here I'll point out that the Samuel's fears that saw might kill him anticipate the capacity for violence that Saul will demonstrate later in his Life against David and that is certainly true by the way We're not even beginning to get next the next lesson That's unless and six will get into all the suffering that David endures that saw his hands and really the violent murderous atrocities that saw commits He's a very very fallen man. So clearly Samuel's fears are proving that point Yeah, the quote goes on to say that's all already has such a reputation Maybe glean from the fact that the elders of Bethlehem panic when Samuel shows up So there's this reputation here of the tyranny the murder of the violence that Saul is capable of and that's why Samuel's afraid That's why the Bethlehemites are afraid and that's that's a foreshadowing That's a big red flag a warning sign of the things to come in the second half of first and we'll hear so pay attention to that little key All right, so God says don't worry about it here is a legitimate excuse is not a lot There's no lying about it It's just you know you don't have to disclose all the truth here Just go and offer a sacrifice and invite Jesse and his sons and that's exactly what happens So let's read on here verses 6 to 10 when they came He looked on a leaf so all right so when Jesse and his sons came we clarify that here as we're jumping back into this When Jesse and his sons came Samuel looked on a leaf and thought surely the Lord's anointed is before him But the Lord said is saying that this is another highlight worthy verse here The Lord said to Samuel do not look upon him on upon his parents or on the height of a stature because I have rejected him Maas same word I have rejected him for the Lord sees not as man sees man looks on the outward appearance with the Lord looks on the heart That's dynamite verse eight then Jesse called a bit it out and made him pass before Samuel And he said neither has the Lord chosen this one and then the third son shall mine all seven sons are passed by here All right So it's interesting that when Samuel arrives to To Jesse's house and Jesse presents his sons the firstborn son being here a leah Samuel makes the same mistake that we have begun to see in the past lesson the mistake of judging by outward appearances All right judging by exterior appearances that is a problem And so Saul if you remember was tall dark and handsome He was from a distinguished family of tribe of Benjamin etc etc And so everyone thought this is him because they just saw his outward appearances his resume so to speak we're joking about right So it's interesting that Samuel like he's the seer but yet he cannot see right?
He's falling into the same mistake. He fell for the same mistake that everyone fell for regarding Saul He doesn't have the heart and that's exactly what God is saying here I've rejected him like I've rejected like I've rejected Saul But we're gonna see actually indication of a Libes character here very very soon. He's definitely does not have the right attitude the right heart So a Lib is rejected same word I've already pointed out here and that verse there these number of verses here verses seven and following right I just said and The Lord looks on the heart everyone else looks at me the appearance is we have to be very careful I don't want to get on this you know soap box here too long But we ought to be very very careful not to judge others by their exterior appearances We don't know the condition of their heart. We don't know what's going on inside of them by all exterior appearances They could look great right but their heart is as Jesus will say like they're just whitewashed tombs Right full of them ends bones and I think that's a great little analogy there the by all exterior appearances The Pharisees look fantastic They they tithe and they follow the law and etc etc But they did not have the right heart so we need to be careful not to make that same mistake I really like these verses here because it's just a such a little examination of conscience for me I think for everybody here just to look at the heart God understands the heart and we ask for God's grace to discern properly all of these things all right So all seven sons are presented before Samuel and God didn't affirm any one of them like not a single one of the seven Are the chosen one and so Samuel says in verse 11 or all your sons here And I always find this interesting because Jesse the dad says oh yeah, you know There remains the youngest the Hebrew kind of like the the run to the family.
Oh, there's the youngest like he's forgotten about right David Is this forgotten son? He's the eighth and youngest son. Oh, he's just out there keeping the sheep he's a shepherd out there And saying it was like well just go get him then right send him fetch him We're not gonna sit down until he comes here This we don't actually and so he sent and brought him in he was ready He had beautiful eyes and was handsome and the Lord said arise anoint him for this is he Samuel took the horn of oil anointed him in the midst of his brothers and the spirit of the Lord came mightily upon David from that day Forward and Sam the rose up and went to Ramah So here David is anointed remember the anointed one is the mashiach the Messiah We talked about this in great depth before when we're talking about this with salt So I said to say here This is a very quick review Priest prophets and kings were anointed by the spirit in the Old Testament and this is very typological of Jesus Christ his baptism His anointing their own baptism and confirmation we are so Jesus is capital p priest capital p prophet capital key king Or he's the greatest of these three things he these three offices and he embodies and perfects them perfectly right? So in every way and we participate in that threefold office and our own baptism right to be anointed by the spirit in order to accomplish The work of God so David here is anointed as the new king and it's interesting that people will say well If this all happened in the presence of his brothers and his father and who knows who else was there wouldn't they know immediately That he was the king in souls not the king and so it would begin you can imagine the rumors spreading as Fast as possible as fast as it would naturally happen that Samuel came to town in an anointed David So the one thing that I would say about that is it doesn't it doesn't say that Samuel made it explicit that he was anointed as king Just that he was anointed so it leaves a little bit of room for debate as to what he's anointed for and so maybe the explicit declaration that you are anointed the new king is withheld because Samuel did not want number one God didn't direct that but number two Samuel did not want his family or David himself to be a Danger it's just an interesting thought there to keep in mind that Samuel did not make a big A bruhaha about how he is the new king because you can imagine how fast the rumors would spread there But in any case about his anointed I would also point out a quick little point couple quick little points here That the nation Catholic study Bible says that David enjoys an ongoing presence of the spirit unlike other figures whose possession of the spirit Was intermittent and temporary like Saul and Samson another judge there That's really really interesting It does seem that when you compare David's anointing there is a consistent presence of the spirit as opposed to individual instances Where the spirit came upon Samson and Samson defeated the lion right killed the lion in the vineyard with his own bare hand or something like that The spirit is with David continually.
I think that's really really interesting. Why is that the case? I think it's because David's heart is with God continually right David never worships other idols There's never any shenanigans regarding worship or improper worship naturally We'll talk later on about David sins But David's heart is completely for God and so God is with David at all times Alright, so I think that's really interesting to point out also another thing the good classic commentary from Haybok points this out In comparing the two anointing between Saul and David if you go back to Saul's anointed anointing here There was a little fragile vial that was used like a little like a little cup or sauce or something like that right a little vial But here it's a horn that is used for David And so this fantastic little connection that I love says that a fragile vial was not used But a horn why to denote the duration and abundance of David's rain in quotes I love that because a vial is fragile it breaks and so indicates that the kingdom of Saul when he was anointed is going to be fragile and ultimately it's going to be broken It's not going to endure. That's not the same thing with David David's kingdom is strong and powerful It lasts forever.
We'll study the covenant with David later on here But it lasts forever and there's abundant graces that's going to be poured out upon his run upon all nations through his kingdom And so on and so forth So I just I just wanted to bring that to your attention It's great little contrast between the simple fragile vial that's used to anoint Saul indicating his kingship versus the horn And by the way a horn in scripture is a symbol of power and might so I just I just like that contrast is very beautiful All right, so here he is anointed and also I'll point out one other thing he seems to go right back to Taking care of the sheep. He's a shepherd. He doesn't just go run off and you know starts saying I'm king and here I am you know Samuel anointed me he goes back to his daily duties I like that a lot I think there's a lot of typology for us as well where we're anointed and by through baptism and confirmation We're Christians We participate in the free-fold office of priest profit and king of Christ's three-fold office And yet we have our obligations to our daily responsibilities and we must pursue those and do that well That's what David does he just goes back to taking care of the sheep I think it's a really beautiful thing So in looking at this I just wanted to put into this next section of your notes here Just kind of a biographical snapshot then an assessment of David right and how who he is up to this point And this is kind of some interesting little trivial trivial points to discuss about him first and foremost his name David means beloved by God And we're gonna see all kinds of typological connections between David and Jesus Jesus is the new David the new son of David he is the new king of Israel and the king of the world and all this stuff It's beautiful But even the name itself is a type of Christ David means beloved by God Jesus is constantly called the beloved son of the father In the baptism transfiguration and others so Jesus is the beloved son meaning He is the true David of the father and I like that a lot too here So as you look at this entire story of his anointing by Samuel he is this the son that's forgotten in the field He's taking care of the sheep right you wasn't even called to the party I kind of kind of find that a little offensive it makes me think of other ways in which David is treated as we're actually Seeing chapter 17. I don't think that his older brothers treat him all that well The Novar Bible points out here that quote the narrative empisive the narrative emphasizes that David does not in any way merit his election He is a nobody from a family of no importance.
No genealogy is provided apart from the name of Jesse's father He is the youngest of his brothers and like the rest of his family he works as a shepherd He doesn't come from a noble or military or priestly family and he could have no claim to be anointed king in quote I like that assessment here, and so I want to bring out a couple of things from this So first he's a nobody right God likes to work with the nobody's he likes to work with the humble the unknown But those that are faithful to him because it just proves and anybody who is in a situation where God works through them They know like you know what this had to have come from God I like working with the nobody's to show that all things come from his hand were nothing except We are instruments in his hand So that's the first point. I like to work with the humble the unknown to faithful especially those who have a heart after God We've already pointed this out back in chapter 13 14 and here chapter 16 verse 7 God looks at the heart and David's heart belongs to God David's heart is lifted up to God and worship all the time in fact He epitomizes I believe the great Shama prayer if you remember back in do it on in chapter 6 Moses says love the Lord your God with all of your heart and that's what David is doing So in other words David is a perfect role model for obedience to the law by loving God and loving neighbor He fulfills the law and I think that's one of the reasons why God picks him okay This point about him being the youngest of his brothers to be specific. He is the eighth son All right There's a couple of things about this So eight is the number of new beginnings of restoration of rejuvenation of new creation eight is very significant remember Hebrew boys Israelite boys are Circumcised on the eighth day because that's the day that they're incorporated into the the body that the Kaha'ol the assembly of Israel All of that is connected to baptism In fact, I mean we talk about a lot of this but there are eight people on the ark All right, because the ark is a whole symbol and whole typological narrative of baptism and washing away of of sin and corruption and all this kind of stuff Right, Jesus rose on the eighth day and I can't even open up that can of worms But he's not raised on the third day that he's raised on the first day of a new week Which consecutively is the eighth day and so on and so forth So date was significant about this is him being the youngest son the eighth son precisely means that God is going to use him to bring About a renewal a restoration of Israel and that is certainly true through his covenant that God makes with David David receives incredible blessings through the covenant that God establishes with him in second same and we'll get there eventually But that is an incredible moment of restoration of new beginnings that God will make with his people Okay, so even the fact that he's an eighth son is very significant He's probably an oldish teenager right there's a lot of debate as he 15 16 years old as he 17 18 in that range Give or take okay. He's an oldest teenager at that point The another theme about him being the youngest is that it touches upon another Huge biblical theme of God passing over some unworthy older brother figure some unrighteous older brother for a younger brother Okay, this happens all the time and I go through this special Genesis Genesis is a big book where this occurs came in able able to be older Isaac Ishmael Jacob Esau Ephraim and Manasseh and even in the book of Exodus Moses is the younger brother Aaron is the older brother yet Moses chosen and so on and so forth Here consistent with that theme God passes over the older brother Aliyev God rejects him And we'll see an indication of his character very soon for David who is the younger brother who has a heart after God, okay?
So there's some reflections about him being the youngest clearly He's a courageous shepherd his courage We're going to see later on chapter 17 of him fighting the lions and tigers and bears. Oh my So we'll see that here pretty soon. I have an insight I want to share with you about that But him being a shepherd is also another big biblical theme God loves shepherds. There's Abel There's the patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob There's there's Moses and there's others as well throughout the Old Testament shepherds It's good preparation right of taking care of the flock and being willing to endure Adversities and trials and tribulations and fighting off predators.
It's good training to be a king Okay, to shepherd the flock of Israel So I love that connection and of course it points forward typologically to Jesus Jesus is the true good as shepherd There's a lot to say about this. I have a couple of references in your notes We can't get into it for the sake of time, but in Ezekiel 34 There's a famous long chapter about how the shepherds of Israel are corrupt and that God himself will shepherd his people by sending his servant David and all that's fulfilled in Christ So in John chapter 10 the long discourse about how he is the good shepherd He is fulfilling Ezekiel 34 and all these other references of the Old Testament He is the new David the new Moses and all of these things by shepherding his flock Israel and others who are called to participate in that flock Would you be the Gentiles? Okay, so there's some significant things about David being a shepherd also David's genealogy Doesn't talk about his genealogy here in first Samuel if you go to Ruth You can see that you know he descends from Ruth He is his roots is it his great-grandson something like that Okay, he descends from Ruth who's a mola bite and then you know also in Jesus's genealogy as well as in chronicles that David descends from Rahab Who is another foreign woman and she's also a prostitute of center So the fact that David's genealogy includes these sinners and Gentiles is really significant because David is going to be not just a king for Israel But a king for for all nations There's going to be other nations that are subjected to the Davidic kingdom all pointing forward again to Jesus So Jesus the ultimate king son of David he descends from men and women from Israelites from Gentiles from saints and from sinners Because he's going to be the king of all peoples and all nations and tongues Okay, and I will point out one more little thing here We was joking about how Saul is tall dark and handsome I made the joke that he is the chosen people's magazine sexiest man alive And then a Leib probably would have been next year's edition and all this kind of stuff But David himself is also handsome right he's attractive. I think that's appropriate for for the king right the king of Israel So these ready commentaries will say that he probably had red hair so maybe he had some Irish genes and they're somehow I'm not sure but he's he's ready.
He's attractive. He's handsome and that I think that's kind of worthwhile pointing out Okay, so that you can't overestimate David's importance here as king This is just the very very beginning of his kingship and his anointing and we're gonna see all kinds of great things come to the forefront Is we go through his story? All right?