Episode 12: Hand Edition — Vol. 1, Issue 2

Today's hand edition explores six diverse topics in upper extremity surgery and rehabilitation. We review evidence on blood flow restriction therapy as an adjunct to traditional rehabilitation, examine the prevalence and clinical implications of persistent median arteries, investigate optimal scapular positioning for safe lower trapezius tendon harvest, compare surgical outcomes between transgender and cisgender trauma patients, evaluate arthroscopic-assisted lower trapezius transfer for isolated infraspinatus tears, and assess immediate tendon transfer outcomes in sarcoma surgery. "The impact of blood flow restriction therapy on orthopaedic conditions of the upper extremity: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." — Johnson SR et al., Ann Jt — https://doi.org/10.21037/aoj-25-31 "Persistent Median Arteries: A Cadaveric Study of Prevalence, Variants, and Clinical Relevance." — Seth S et al., Cureus — https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.101320 "Maximal scapular protraction increases the safety distance of the spinal accessory nerve during lower trapezius tendon harvest: a cadaveric study." — Hachem AI et al., JSES Int — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101622 "Upper Extremity Surgical Outcomes in Transgender Trauma Patients." — Maasarani S et al., Cureus — https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.102731 "Clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic-assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for isolated irreparable infraspinatus tear." — Baek CH et al., Clin Shoulder Elb — https://doi.org/10.5397/cise.2024.00864 "Immediate Tendon Transfer for Functional Reconstruction in Upper Limb Sarcoma Surgery: An Observational Study." — Maharjan B et al., JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc — https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.9102