Episode 144: File Integrity Monitoring and Data Loss Prevention (Domain 4)

File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) and Data Loss Prevention (DLP) tools are essential for detecting tampering and protecting sensitive data from unauthorized exfiltration. In this episode, we explain how FIM works by taking baseline snapshots of critical system files and configurations, then alerting when unauthorized changes occur—helping detect stealthy malware, insider threats, or administrative errors. DLP tools, on the other hand, inspect content at rest, in motion, and in use, scanning for keywords, patterns (like credit card numbers), or file types to enforce data handling policies. These technologies support compliance mandates, help prevent accidental leaks, and respond to attempted violations with actions like encryption, quarantine, or blocking. We also cover how integration with SIEMs and CASBs can enhance visibility across endpoints and cloud services. FIM and DLP may not be flashy, but they are vital guards for both the integrity of systems and the confidentiality of data.