History: 2 The Battle of Hastings

The Battle of Hastings and Its Consequences – Revision PointsThe SituationAfter King Edward died, Harold Godwinson became king—but two other men, William of Normandy and Harald Hardrada, also wanted the crown.Harold had just beaten Harald Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in the north of England when he heard William had landed in the south.The Battle BeginsThe Battle of Hastings happened on 14th October 1066.Harold’s army stood on a hill (Senlac Hill), and William’s army had to attack uphill.Harold’s soldiers used a shield wall—a strong defence where soldiers stood close together with shields.Key FiguresHarold Godwinson – the English king and strong warrior.William of Normandy – determined, well-prepared, and had knights on horseback (cavalry).Important Events in the BattleThe Normans pretended to run away (a trick!), and some English soldiers chased them—breaking the shield wall.Once the shield wall broke, the Normans could attack properly.Harold was killed—possibly by an arrow to the eye.The OutcomeWilliam won the battle and became King of England.The Normans now ruled over the English people.Why William WonHe had a strong, well-trained army with horses and archers.Harold’s army was tired from fighting Hardrada and marching south.William used clever tactics like the fake retreat.What We Learn About People and PowerLeadership needed bravery, planning, and timing.Battles decided kings—there were no elections or clear rules.What Changed in EnglandNorman castles were built to control the land.Many English nobles lost their land and power.A new language (Norman French) mixed with Old English, changing how we speak today.The Importance of This BattleThe Battle of Hastings changed English history forever.It was the last time England was successfully invaded.ConclusionWilliam’s victory meant big changes in law, land, language, and leadership.It marks the start of Norman rule in England.Ready for the next topic: "William the Conqueror and how he gained control of England"?