Jurisprudence in Zero G: Space Law 101 with Col. Todd Pennington, U.S. Air Force, Ret., (former) Staff Judge Advocate USSPACECOM

What if the future of space isn’t driven by innovation but by 60-year-old treaties, fragmented regulatory regimes, and a legal vacuum no one’s rushing to fill? As commercial space activity accelerates and geopolitical stakes rise, the question is no longer whether space law matters but whether it’s ready for what’s coming next?  In this episode, Colonel Todd Pennington (USAF, Ret.) breaks down the foundations of space law from ownership and sovereignty to liability, regulation, and the growing role of private actors. As commercial expansion accelerates and geopolitical competition intensifies, legacy frameworks are being pushed far beyond what their drafters ever envisioned. Here's a guided walkthrough of the episode: [01:44] Ad Coelum and the origins:  Who really “owns” space, and how early legal thinking continue to shape today’s debates [05:21] The Outer Space Treaty (1967): While International law guarantees freedom of exploration coupled with state responsibility, are there any hidden underlying asymmetries?  [10:33] Rescue & Return Agreement (1968): What happens when astronauts or space objects land in foreign territory? Are the rules same for other state objects too?  [12:28] Liability Convention (1972): Who pays when satellites collide or cause damage? Is this liability fault- based or absolute?  And can private companies negotiate on their own? [16:19] Registration convention 1976: States must provide information about each space object they place in outer space, but is there real global transparency and why it matters?  [17:36] The Moon Agreement, 1984: The Moon as the “common heritage of the mankind”. But why did the Agreement fail? [20:09] Bogota Declaration, 1976: Can Equatorial countries’ claim segments of geostationary orbit above their land?  [22:28] LEO, MEO, GEO and Beyond: How do satellite congestion and the strategic importance of Lagrange points position orbital space as the next geopolitical frontier? And much more… Follow us on: LinkedIn | Twitter | Instagram Join the Center for National Security Club and be part of the conversation shaping tomorrow’s national security landscape.