S8 Ep882: Matthew Shindell explores how ancient civilizations interpreted Mars to understand their connection to the cosmos. He explains that archaeologists studying the Mayan Dresden Codex identified a "Mars beast" representing the planet's opposition and retrogra

Matthew Shindell explores how ancient civilizations interpreted Mars to understand their connection to the cosmos. He explains that archaeologists studying the Mayan Dresden Codex identified a "Mars beast" representing the planet's opposition and retrograde motion. In ancient China, astronomy served as a political tool, where planetary patterns helped hold rulers accountable for maintaining heavenly harmony. Shindell highlights Mesopotamian omen-tracking as the foundational "birth of science" due to their meticulous record-keeping and predictive mathematics. Finally, he discusses how Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Ptolemy struggled to reconcile Mars's erratic behavior with their earth-centered models. (1/4)june 1954