The Science Behind A Game of Thrones

Valar more-curious! Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate SUBSCRIBE, it's FREE! http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub ↓ More info and sources below ↓ WINTER: Seasons of Westeros and the 3-body problem: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.0445v1.pdf Other possible explanations for the seasons: http://io9.com/5906300/5-scientific-explanations-for-game-of-thrones-messed-up-seasons Why those other reasons are wrong: http://bit.ly/1hYuRDJ http://boingboing.net/2012/05/14/great-moments-in-pedantry-win.html http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103511004064 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles NOTE ON MOONS AND STABILIZATION: I'm adding this comment after the video goes up: In retrospect I should have said that a moon doesn't *necessarily* have to be present to stabilize a planet. While our moon does cancel out some tugging from the other planets in the solar system, here's a recent paper shows that moonless planets can orbit with great stability even without the influence of a moon. Basically moons aren't required for stability: http://barnesos.net/publications/papers/2012.01.Icarus.Barnes.Moonless.Earth.pdf Even more reasons for the seasons: http://www.tor.com/blogs/2011/05/how-seasons-qworkq-in-a-song-of-ice-and-fire GEOLOGY: Generation Anthropocene's AMAZING geologic history of Westeros and Essos: http://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/game-of-thrones-geology/ VALYRIAN STEEL: Damascus steel: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_steel DRAGON FIRE: Kyle Hill's explanation for real-life dragon fire: http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/but-not-simpler/2014/01/02/smaug-breathes-fire-like-a-bloated-bombardier-beetle-with-flinted-teeth/ DRAGON FLIGHT: Dragon-sized birds are biologically impossible: http://wapo.st/1lBV2RE WILDFIRE: Greek fire: http://www.sciforums.com/what-is-greek-fire-t-68540.html Trimethyl borate flame by hkparker: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OrisgbsRmg MILK OF POPPY: Opates: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium THE WALL: Compression melting of ice: http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1qkdl0/can_ice_be_compressed_into_water/ DIRE WOLVES: Canis dirus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire_wolf REAL-LIFE CHARACTERS: Abandon all productivity ye who click here: http://history-behind-game-of-thrones.com Stark/Lannister feud in real life tapestry: http://history-behind-game-of-thrones.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/porte_saint_denis170-753x1024.jpg Joe Hanson - Host and writer Joe Nicolosi - Director Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer Katie Graham - Director of Photography Edited by Stephanie Noone and Kirby Conn from Arts & Labor John Knudsen - Gaffer Music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios ----------- Join us on Patreon! https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart Twitter http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart Instagram http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart Merch https://store.dftba.com/collections/its-okay-to-be-smart Facebook https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices