The Whirlwind

Episode 1 of Brandon Seale's podcast on the Lipan Apaches.Killer-of-Enemies teaches the proto-Apaches, the “Nde,” how to treat with the peoples they meet as they descend into the Texas panhandle: the Puebloans to the west, the Jumanos to the South, and the Caddoan-speakers to the east. Yet the arrival of yet another newcomer – this one from across the ocean – challenges the diplomatic skills of even the most effective Nde alliance-makers.Selected BibliographyAlonso, Gorka. Apachería.Anderson, Gary Clayton. The Indian Southwest, 1580-1830: Ethnogenesis and Reinvention (1999).Anderson, Gary Clayton. The Conquest of Texas (2019).Baddour, Dylan. “Labeled ‘Hispanic,’” Texas Observer, May/June 2022, July 6, 2022.Britten, Thomas A. The Lipan Apaches: People of Wind and Lightning (2011).González Dávila, José Medina. ¿Qué significa ser apache en el siglo XXI?: Continuidad y cambio de los lipanes en Texas (2018).Lipan Apache Band of Texas – Lipan Apache Band of Texas Claim as a Sovereign NationMaestas, Enrique G. M. (2003). Culture and History of Native American Peoples of South Texas. University of Texas at Austin, PhD Dissertation.Minor, Nancy M. The Light Gray People: An Ethno-History of the Lipan Apaches of Texas and Northern Mexico (2009).Minor, Nancy M. Turning Adversity to Advantage: A History of the Lipan Apaches of Texas and Northern Mexico, 1700-1900 (2009). Opler, Morris E. Myths and Legends of the Lipan Apache Indians (1940).Robinson, Sherry. I Fought a Good Fight: A History of the Lipan Apaches (2013).Smith, F. Todd. From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (2005).www.BrandonSeale.com