Analyzing American Revolution - AARevolution.net

The American Revolution promised liberty. But inside the household, almost nothing changed.Married women did not gain legal identity. Enslaved women had none to begin with.And the same system that placed men over women, continued to exist and even helped justify slavery. 📄 ⁠Interview transcript & takeaways⁠🚩About My 212th Guest Scholar: Dr. Kathleen BrownDr. Kathleen M. Brown is David Boies Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania. She is a historian of gender and race in early America and the Atlantic World, which are the subjects of this interview and about which she has published extensively, including: ►"Undoing Slavery: Bodies, Race, and Rights in the Age of Abolition"►"Foul Bodies: Cleanliness in Early America"►"Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs ", which we discuss in this interview. ▶️Other Related Interviews: —Dr. David Silverman: Nativ Peoples - the biggest losers of the American Revolution▶️Meeting AAR Scholars: 33 Historians - 33 Perspectives : a structured body of thought on the American Revolution. ⁠*****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Selected Highlights 01:37 Guest Introduction03:49 Defining Women05:59 Legal Rights of White Women10:26 Marriage14:18 Regional Differences19:31 Urban vs. Rural23:43 Religion29:50 Education35:25 "Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs"45:33 Gender and Slavery52:34 Women’s Expectations1:03:55 After the Revolution1:10:04 Just One Point*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

Money. Loans. Smuggled goods. War supplies.The American Revolution wasn’t just fought on battlefields—it was sustained through a shadow network most Americans never learned about. While Britain tried to crush the rebellion, Dutch merchants, financiers, and political factions quietly kept it alive—often in defiance of their own government’s neutrality.And when Britain finally struck back, that hidden support triggered a wider war that reshaped the outcome of the Revolution itself.📄 Interview transcript & takeaways🚩About My 211th Guest: Dr. Peter Van Cleave Dr. Peter Van Cleave is a Clinical professor of History and Director of Online Programs of the School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies in Arizona State University. His publications include the following areas: ►the connections between the Netherlands and the United States during the Age of Revolutions►Thomas Jefferson and the "Notes on the State of Virginia" ►religious tolerance and religious freedom in the Second Great Awakening►the relationship between the Dutch Patriot Revolt and the American Revolution►the legacy of New Netherland and the Dutch in American history►John Adams and Atlantic politics▶️Other Related Interviews: ►Dr. Sophia Rosenfeld: the Enlightenment & the American Revolution ►Committee of Secret Correspondence vs. Secret Committee *****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Select Highlights 01:50 Guest Introduction04:00 Colonial Dutch In America10:55 Dutch Influence in America16:18 Division in Dutch Government22:01 Dutch Decline26:22 Dutch Recognition of America29:07 Dutch Intellectual Influence38:33 Dutch in the Mayflower42:26 Dutch Loans to America45:32 Dutch Dilemma of Supporting America53:08 John Paul Jones58:18 A Secret Treaty?1:03:58 Sack of St. Eustatius & Yorktown Surrender1:10:00 Why Dutch Contributions Overlooked1:14:48 Dr. Van Cleave's Research*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

Militias existed. Local defense existed. So why did Congress create the Continental Army—only to limit its power? What was this army fighting for? Who served in Washington's Army, and why? And how did serving in the Continental Army create a new national identity—an American identity? As for Washington, was he a good general? Was he qualified for the job? And did pivotal battles of the Revolutionary War change how soldiers understood citizenship?📄 Interview transcript & takeaways: https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/continental-soldier-citizens-americas-peoples-army/🚩About My 209th Guest: Dr. Ricardo Herrera My guest is Dr. Ricardo Herrera, a retired professor of Military History at the Department of National Security and Strategy in the US Army War College. Dr. Herrera has served as an Armor and Cavalry officer in the US Army. Dr. Herrera has published extensively on U.S. military history, including the following books that we discuss in this interview: —"Feeding Washington’s Army: Surviving the Valley Forge Winter of 1778", which was a Finalist in the Inaugural American Battlefield Trust Book Prize for History, and —"For Liberty and the Republic: The American Citizen as Soldier, 1775-1861". —His forthcoming book is tentatively titled "Most Uncommon Soldier: The Life, Letters, and Journal of Edward Ashley Bowen Phelps, 1814-1893" ▶️Other Related Interviews: ►Dr. Paul Lockhart - Valley Forge & Baron de Steuben►Dr. Rafe Blaufarb - France… Revenge! Revenge! Revenge! ►Dr. Gonzalo Quintero - Spain: will be linked here when interview publishes ►Dr. Peter Van Cleave - the Netherlands: will be linked here when interview publishes *****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Select Highlights 01:35 Guest Introduction03:44 A Weird Organization07:33 A Conservative Force11:29 Continental Army vs. Intercolonial Militia14:51 Colonial Rivalries20:18 Recruiting Continental Soldiers25:48 Dangers of Regional Regiments28:27 Why Soldiers Fought33:50 Forming an American Identity39:29 Pivotal Battles That Changed Minds47:31 Washington: Tactician or Strategist?57:37 Congress Limits the Army’s Power1:02:08 Did Congress Cut the Army’s Funding?1:03:25 Largest People’s Army in U.S. History*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

How much power did King George III actually wield over British imperial policy? This is no idle question—after all, the 27 grievances in the American Declaration of Independence are directed squarely at him.When we think about the American Revolution, we tend to see it through a familiar lens—one that magnifies our perspective—the familiar story of our fight against British tyranny, our grievances against the King, our resentment of Parliament, the brutality of British forces in the American colonies, and much more.But what if that picture is not just incomplete, but deeply one-sided? After all, weren’t the British the other party to the Revolutionary War?The story of the British side of the American Revolution has either been missing from how we’re taught history—or deeply misunderstood. In this interview, my guest, Dr. Richard Bell, shares the British side of the American Revolution with surprising details that force us to rethink how the Revolution unfolded. 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview transcript & takeaways🚩About My 208th Guest: Dr. Richard Bell Dr. Richard Bell is a historian at the University of Maryland. His research focuses on American history between 1750 and 1877, and he has published extensively on the period, including his latest book, "The American Revolution and the Fate of the World," which is the subject of our conversation here.You can learn more about Dr. Bell and his other books by visiting his: -academic homepage -Personal site▶️Other Mentioned Interviews: ►My interview with Dr. Rafe Blaufarb—the French perspective on the American Revolution►My interview with Dr. Gonzalo Quintero—the Spanish perspective on the American Revolution (that interview will be linked here when it publishes)*****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Select Highlights 01:29 Guest Introduction03:24 Was King George III an all-powerful despot?05:56 The King After the Boston Tea Party10:31 British People Neither Feared Nor Respected their King12:36 News of Yorktown surrender in Britain14:25 Did the King abdicate?18:00 The British Embrace their king24:52 British view of American colonists27:13 British convicts in America47:40 Cornwallis's 2nd and 3rd acts55:07 Just one point*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

The American Revolution was only one theatre in a global war—and far from the main event.Geopolitical rivalry and revenge drove France to rally other powers against Britain, transforming a colonial rebellion in the Americas into a globe-spanning military conflict—a true world war.After its defeat in the Seven Years’ War, France pursued a long-term strategy to weaken Britain, culminating in intervention after the American victory at Saratoga. The conflict quickly expanded to include Spain and the Netherlands, with naval fighting across the Caribbean, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean. Despite its decisive role, France gained little from the 1783 peace—and later viewed American diplomacy as a betrayal.📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠I⁠nterview Transcript🚩About My Guest: Dr. Rafe Blaufarb Dr. Rafe Blaufarb is a historian in Florida State University. He is an Eminent Scholar of Napoleonic Studies and the director of the Institute On Napoleon and the French Revolution. He is the author of many books, including the following: "Napoleon: A Symbol for an Age"; "Napoleonic Foot Soldiers and Civilians: A Brief History with Documents", "The Revolutionary Atlantic: Republican Visions, 1760-1830"; "Bonapartists in the Borderlands: French Exiles and Refugees on the Gulf Coast, 1815-1835"; "The Great Demarcation: The French Revolution and the Invention of Modern Property"; and "The French Army, 1750-1820: Careers, Talent, Merit".►My other interview with Dr. Blaufarb is "The Real Napoleon — Propaganda Genius Or Brilliant General?" ▶️Other Interviews: ►Interview with Prof. Joel Richard Paul: Silas Deane, Benjamin Franklin & Arthur Lee in Paris (will be linked here when it publishes) ►Interview with Dr. Gonzalo Quintero: Spain & the American Revolution (will be linked here when it publishes)►Interview with Dr. Peter Van Cleave: Netherlands & the American Revolution (will be linked here when it publishes)►Interview with Dr. Richard BellIreland & the American Revolution ►Interview with Dr. Ivan Kurilla: Russia & the American Revolution*****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠⁠📝 ⁠⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Select Highlights 01:42 Guest Introduction3:19 French Religion vs. French realpolitik6:17 Catholicism Losing In France7:57 Americans more religious than the French?9:58 Revenge12:11 The Only Caution14:01 French Nationalism & American Cause15:34 Americans in Paris20:09 Why the French love Franklin23:18 France rallies the world for America25:14 Spanish, the Dutch, Russia & others28:05 French Navy & the World War31:46 Britain Alone in a Global War32:10 Ireland34:32 What does France get from helping Americans?35:55 Does France get what it wants?39:07 France gets nothing43:14 Legacy of feeling betrayed44:02 France & the War of 181245:50 Just One Point*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

Dichotomy of Russians traditions toward the United States started from the beginning - in the American Revolution. While Russia did not fear 13 rebellious colonies that would eventually form a fledging nation, the Russian government feared the ideas of liberty and republicanism that came from America, including the popularity of Benjamin Franklin in Russia. An interesting point about this dichotomy is that it happened at the time of Catherine the Great - who called herself Republican and liked to be known as being an enlightened ruler. But this very enlightened ruler imprisoned Russians who disseminated the American Declaration of Independence and wrote of liberty and human rights, including the morality bankrupt practice of serfdom in Russia. In addition to all the above, my guest scholar explains two ways in which the Russian Empire indirectly helped the American cause, and why it too Russia so long to formalize relations with the United States. 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠I⁠nterview Transcript🚩About My 206th Guest: Dr. Ivan KurillaDr. Ivan Kurilla is a historian of U.S.-Russian relations. In addition to many appointments at U.S. universities, he previously taught at Volgograd State University and the European University at St. Petersburg. However, in 2024 he left Russia after being dismissed for opposing the war in Ukraine and is now based in the United States as a visiting scholar in the Department of History at The Ohio State University. His scholarship also focuses on the history of U.S. and American foreign relations, the international dimensions of the American Civil War, issues of historical memory, the misuse of history, and the role of historians in contemporary Russia. Dr. Kurilla has published extensively on these subjects. ▶️Other Interviews: --Interview with Dr. Sophia Rosenfeld about the Age of Enlightenment--Interview with Dr. Jonathan Singerton about the Habsburg Empire and the American Revolution: That interview will be linked here when it publishes.*****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠⁠📝 ⁠⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters: 00:00 Select Highlights 01:58 Guest Introduction03:56 Russia During the American Revolution10:51 Russia’s Enlightened, Republican Autocrat14:54 American News in the Russian Empire18:40 Franklin’s Fame in Russia20:38 Two Russian Traditions Toward America26:28 Empress Catherine Refuses King George III32:51 Russia’s Declaration of Armed Neutrality38:10 Francis Dana’s Militia Diplomacy in Russia41:58 Dichotomy of Russia’s Revolutionaries49:31 Just One Point59:00 John Paul Jones in Russia*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

Steuben after Valley Forge is a story we rarely hear—but it’s when his most significant contribution to the Continental Army takes place. Did you know that Continental soldiers actually liked Steuben, even though he was a tough disciplinarian? Or that the Continental Congress never fully paid him what he was owed? This is the story of a bored, desperate, disgraced—but capable—Prussian officer who uses all his talents, tricks, and connections to volunteer for the American cause. He spoke the language of the Enlightenment about a Republic in America, and the Continental Congress eagerly anticipated his arrival. John Hancock himself went out to meet him.📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠I⁠nterview Transcript⁠🚩About My Guest:Dr. Paul Douglas Lockhart is a professor at Wright State University. He is a historian of war and society in the Western world from 1500-1945. His research focuses on Northern Europe, with a specialization on Denmark. In recognition of his contributions to the study of Danish history , he has been elected to membership in the Royal Society for Danish History, which is a rare accolade for a foreign scholar. I have previously interviewed Dr. Lockhart about Denmark and its military history: "The Longest Continuous Monarchy - Denmark's History - How An Empire Can Decline in a "Flash". Dr. Lockhart has also researched and written extensively on the military history of the American Revolution, including his book "The Drillmaster of Valley Forge: The Baron de Steuben and the Making of the American Army". ▶️Other Interviews: --Interview with Dr. Rick Herrera, author of Feeding Washington's Army: Surviving the Valley Forge Winter of 1778. COMNIG SOON. --Interview with Prof. Joel Richard Paul: Silas Deane, Benjamin Franklin & Arthur Lee in Paris. COMING SOON. *****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠⁠📝 ⁠⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters:00:00:00 Select Highlights 00:02:25 Guest Introduction00:04:13 Why Valley Forge?00:06:24 Options Other Than Valley Forge00:08:49 Washington's Army Compared to European Armies00:10:43 Ethnicities and Languages in Valley Forge00:12:32 Main Issue at Valley Forge00:15:30 British Paid in Gold00:17:26 Why Valley Forge Lasted So Long00:20:24 Washington's Strategy of Winning the War00:23:34 Steuben – His Real Name00:27:03 Steuben Courting Americans00:34:06 Steuben's Charm Offensive00:41:14 Steuben's Demands00:43:54 What Steuben Wanted from Washington00:48:16 Steuben's Most Important Contribution00:52:17 Steuben's Swearing – "The Force of Goddamns"00:57:51 Steuben's Impact on Valley Forge01:06:37 Was Steuben Ever Paid by the Continental Congress?01:08:51 An American Standing Army01:12:43 American vs. Prussian Army01:14:35 Just One Point about Steuben*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

"An abject disaster"! Native Americans were not a side note in the American Revolution — they were central to it. In fact, much of the war was fought in Native lands. Yet, their story is rarely told. Most Native nations tried to stay neutral at first, calling the conflict a “war between brothers.” But expanding colonial settlements and pressure from both sides forced difficult choices. Most ultimately sided with Britain — and the outcome of the Revolution was disastrous for them.📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠I⁠nterview Transcript 🚩About My Guest: Dr. David Silverman is a professor of in the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences at George Washington University. His research and teaching focus on Native American, Colonial American, and American racial history. He has published extensively on these subjects, including many books and book chapters. His latest book, published in 2026, is "The Chosen and The Damned: Native Americans and the Making of Race in the United States". Dr. Silverman is a repeat guest on this program. In our previous interview, he explained the real history of Thanksgiving. *****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection⁠📝 ⁠Take the AAR IQ Quiz⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters:00:00 Select Highlights 01:57 Guest Introduction03:30 Native Americans or Indians?12:55 The Longest List18:04 Indians' Major Grievance23:19 Natives' Dilemma: Dividing Nations26:51 Why Indians sided with the British34:19 Extinguishing Council Fire39:24 Cherokees' Crisis44:05 George Washington's Indian Attack47:37 Double Standard: Indians vs. Loyalists51:21 An abject disaster: outcome of the War59:16 5/6: Federal Government's Indian Budget*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

Were American Loyalists simply “traitors” to the American cause — or were they defending what they believed was constitutional government? Did most American colonists support breaking from Britain, or was the American Revolution really a "minority project," as my guest argues in this interview?📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview Transcript ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🚩About My 205th Guest: Dr. Rebecca Brannon is a professor of early American history at James Madison University. Her research focuses on 18th century American history and is concerned with broad questions about the American Revolution and its consequences, including the American Loyalists and what happened to them, which is the subject of this interview. She is the author of the award-winning book "From Revolution to Reunion: The Reintegration of the South Carolina Loyalists".Dr. Brannon's academic homepage and personal website. *****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Image Gallery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thematic Collection📝 Take the AAR IQ Quiz*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters:00:00 Select Highlights 02:04 Guest Introduction04:35 Defining Loyalists08:30 Loyalists — No Taxes11:07 British Miscalculations14:22 % of Loyalists in America20:42 Predicting loyalties27:39 Franklin & his son31:19 Fluidity of Loyalty38:01 A civil war?43:28 Loyalists & modern students47:20 Why Dr. Brannon studies this subject50:52 A Loyalist living next door!59:23 "Just One Point" about Loyalists*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

What we often miss about the American Revolution is that it was in reaction to Britain’s empire-wide push for modernization—from India to Ireland, the Caribbean, and the colonies. The French and Indian War elevated Britain to unrivaled world power, but it also compelled Britain to overhaul its political, economic, and administrative systems—all of which met stiff resistance across its imperial possessions. Yet it was resistance from the 13 colonies in North America—which were not even its most valuable holdings—that sparked a global conflict and tested, humbled, and reshaped Britain’s power.📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview Transcript ⁠⁠⁠⁠🚩About My 204th Guest: Dr. Steven Pincus is a professor of British history at the University of Chicago. He is a historian of Britain and its Empire, comparative revolutions and comparative empires, political economy, European ideas and Europe's cultural history of 17th & 18th centuries.Dr. Pincus has published extensively on these subjects, including the following books:"The Heart of the Declaration: The Founders’ Case for Activist Government","The Politics of the Public Sphere in Early Modern England: Public Persons and Popular Spirits","1688:The First Modern Revolution","England’s Glorious Revolution 1688–1689: A Brief History with Documents", and"A Nation Transformed: England after the Restoration"*****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Visual Index of the American Revolution⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thems of the American Revolution ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters:00:00 Select Highlights 01:46 Guest Introduction03:51 What is a Revolution?09:29 Commonality of Revolutions14:27 A Revolution or War of Independence?21:35 Britain’s National Debt33:47 British Patriotism40:03 India & Hyder Ali50:41 Revolution in Ireland55:01 Confederal Empire56:58 Elite Split in Revolutions1:07:51 Just One Point*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

Independence alone wasn’t enough. For Thomas Paine, the Revolutionary War was worth the fight only if independence led to a new kind of government and polity—one in which, as he famously wrote, “the LAW IS KING.” In January 1776—just six months before the Declaration of Independence—General George Washington and his officers were still toasting King George III. Paine’s Common Sense shattered any lingering attachment to the King, to Parliament, and to the idea of the British constitution itself. His arguments were so persuasive that Washington ordered Paine’s writing to distributed among his troops before major engagements, including the famous Delaware crossing that led to victory at the Battle of Trenton. And yet, despite Paine’s service to the cause, he would later feel betrayed by Washington as he languished in a French prison, awaiting execution. In Part II of my conversation with Prof. Harvey Kaye, we trace Paine’s influence from Washington, Adams, and Jefferson to Lincoln, FDR, Barry Goldwater, Reagan, and Obama. This is the story of how Paine’s passion and persuasive vision helped galvanize a people into founding a new nation—and the darker story of why generations of America’s elite came to loathe him and diminish his contributions to the American cause.📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview Transcript ⁠⁠⁠🚩About My 203rd Guest: ⁠Dr. Harvey Kaye⁠ is Professor Emeritus of Democracy and Justice Studies at the University of Wisconsin—Green Bay. His area of interest and expertise is American Democracy: History, Memory, Politics, Radicals, and Ideas. Prof. Kaye is a nationally recognized historian and an award-winning author of many books, including the following: "The Powers of the Past: Reflections on the Crisis and the Promise of History", "Why Do Ruling Classes Fear History?", "Are We Good Citizens? Affairs Political, Literary, and Academic", "The Fight for the Four Freedoms: What Made FDR and the Greatest Generation Truly Great", "Thomas Paine: Firebrand of the Revolution", and "Thomas Paine and the Promise of America". *****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠Visual Index of the American Revolution⁠⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thems of the American Revolution ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ *****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

Before "Common Sense" shook the Atlantic world, Thomas Paine lived a tumultuous life of struggle, failure, and radical discovery. He arrived in America unknown, ill, and nearly broken. Within a year, Paine would transform a rebellion for right to a revolution for independence. ►In this conversation, Professor Harvey J. Kaye traces Paine’s journey from working-class England to revolutionary America — and the ideas that transformed him into the most influential political writer of the age.📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview Transcript ⁠⁠🚩About My 203rd Guest: Dr. Harvey Kaye is Professor Emeritus of Democracy and Justice Studies at the University of Wisconsin—Green Bay. His area of interest and expertise is American Democracy: History, Memory, Politics, Radicals, and Ideas. Prof. Kaye is a nationally recognized historian and an award-winning author of many books, including the following: "The Powers of the Past: Reflections on the Crisis and the Promise of History", "Why Do Ruling Classes Fear History?", "Are We Good Citizens? Affairs Political, Literary, and Academic", "The Fight for the Four Freedoms: What Made FDR and the Greatest Generation Truly Great", "Thomas Paine: Firebrand of the Revolution", and "Thomas Paine and the Promise of America". *****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠⁠Visual Index of the American Revolution⁠⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠⁠Thems of the American Revolution ⁠⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠ *****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

In 1775, Concord was not a quiet rural town waiting for history to arrive. It was an important Massachusetts community already under strain—shaped by class divisions, religious tensions, and an eighteenth-century “affordability crisis” that had been building for years before "the shot heard 'round the world". 📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview Transcript ⁠►In this interview, Dr. Robert Gross examines Concord, Massachusetts, in the lead-up to the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. As you will see in these discussions, the town was an important colonial town teetering between radical and conservative values until the British Imperial government effectively propelled Concord toward Revolution. 🚩About My 202nd Guest: Dr. Robert A. Gross is Professor Emeritus of American History at the University of Connecticut (UConn). His scholarship focuses on U.S. social and cultural history from 1750 to 1850, with particular attention to the American Revolution, Transcendentalism, and New England history.Dr. Gross is the recipient of various national awards, including fellowships from the Guggenheim, Howard, and Rockefeller Foundations, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the American Antiquarian Society. Dr. Gross is the author of several influential works, including:The Minutemen and Their WorldTranscendentalists and Their WorldHe joins us from Concord, Massachusetts—the central setting of this interview—which examines the town’s social and political tensions before the Revolution, as well as events in Lexington and western Massachusetts on the eve of April 19, 1775.*****🧭 ⁠⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠⁠Visual Index of the American Revolution⁠⁠🗂️⁠⁠⁠Thems of the American Revolution ⁠⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters:00:00 Select Highlights 01:57 Guest Introduction03:25 Who were the Minutemen?08:01 A Remarkable Tension11:45 Concord not volunteering15:13 Minutemen, Militia or Both?17:10 Concord Before the Revolution23:37 Road to April 19, 177527:25 Questioning Concord's Centrality37:13 “No concord in Concord”40:02 18th Century Affordability Crisis45:13 Rebellion In Concord52:58 Concord— an important town58:39 Popular Radicalism1:02:43 Radical vs. Conservative1:04:44 A Rude Awakening!1:08:40 Concord Uniting Against the British1:13:58 Rebellion or Revolution1:15:29 Intellectual Capital of the New Nation*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠⁠of our program. *****

The East India Company’s trade monopoly angered American colonists by undercutting their smuggling of Chinese goods and keeping prices high. This helped push Americans toward revolution — and it wasn’t just the Boston Tea Party. Patriots held Tea Parties up and down the colonies to challenge British tariffs and control. And it wasn’t only about tea: the consumer revolution had colonists hungry for porcelain, silk, nankeens, fine furniture, and countless other goods from China.📄 ⁠⁠⁠⁠Interview Transcript ►In this interview, Dr. Dael Norwood explains how America’s demand for Chinese products shaped commerce, politics, and the young nation’s identity — and how global trade fueled the path to revolution.🚩About My 200th Guest: ⁠Dr. Dael Norwood is a professor in the History Department of the University of Delaware, a historian of nineteenth-century America specializing on the global dimensions of U.S. politics and economics. He is particularly interested in the political economy of commerce: how the ideas and practices of international exchange have affected Americans’ relations with other powers, as well as their dealings with each other. He has published extensively on these subjects, including the following book, which we discuss in this interview: "Trading in Freedom: How Trade with China Defined Early America" *****🧭 ⁠⁠Explore AAR⁠⁠🖼️ ⁠Visual Index of the American Revolution⁠🗂️⁠⁠Thems of the American Revolution ⁠⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠ 📰⁠⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters:3:51 Thinking About China in Colonial America06:52 Consumer Revolution in American Colonies09:12 High-Level Consumer Goods11:44 "Colonists are inveterate smugglers."13:50 Top American Imports14:25 “The really nice stuff never really gets to North America.”15:23 How Colonists Purchased Chinese Goods21:28 Franklin’s Plans To Develop Chinese Products in America23:20 Europeans & Americans Imitating China25:08 China Trade and the American Revolution28:05 The East India Company and Colonial Grievances32:08 Corruption & Tyranny33:21 A New Kind of Slavery34:16 Beyond Boston: Other Colonial Tea Parties37:04 The Intolerable Acts40:22 Treaty of Paris40:59 Out Competing Britain in China Trade43:40 What American Shipped to China in the 1780s44:19 Silver Dollars to China48:15 Could the U.S. Afford Trade With China?51:52 How Americans Financed Trade With China53:29 Cabotage and Mechanics of American Trade China57:21 Politicians vs. Merchants - American Vision of China Trade58:26 Drugs & China Trade59:18 Dr. Norwood's Story of Researching China Trade1:02:17 "China is always there!"1:03:21 A BIG DEAL1:04:22 From China Trade to Constitution1:05:28 Just One Point1:07:46 "Yankee Doodle" *****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: All images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠⁠ 🫶⁠⁠Support Us⁠⁠: We appreciate your⁠⁠ financial support ⁠⁠of our program. *****

Was the Boston Massacre inevitable? For its time, was it truly a “massacre”?And how much do we really know about that night—and how much comes from the stories people chose to share?📄 ⁠⁠Interview Transcript ⁠⁠► In this interview, historian Dr. Serena Zabin reconsiders March 5, 1770—looking beyond propaganda to the people, choices, and social networks that shaped revolutionary action in the dark hours after the shooting and transformed how colonists understood their place within the British imperial family—setting the stage for revolution.🚩About My 199th Guest: Dr. Serena Zabin is a professor of history and the Liberal Arts at Carleton College. She is the Vice President of the Teaching Division of American Historical Association, a distinguished fellow in Early American History at the Huntington Library for 2024-25, and a former president of Society for Historians of the Early American Republic. Her research focuses on Early America and Public History, subjects about which he has published extensively, including the following books: 1. "Dangerous Economies: Status and Commerce in Imperial New York", 2. "The New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741: Daniel Horsmanden's "Journal of the Proceedings" with Related Documents", and 3. "The Boston Massacre: A Family History", which received the 2024 George Washington Book Prize and is the focus of this interview.*****🧭 ⁠Explore AAR⁠🖼️ Visual Index of the American Revolution🗂️⁠Thems of the American Revolution ⁠*****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ ⁠YouTube⁠ 🎞️🎧 ⁠Spotify⁠ 📰⁠AAR's Newsletter⁠ ***** 📑 Video Chapters:03:48 March 5, 1770: What Happened?08:49 Was It Really a “Massacre”?10:10 Did Soldiers and Bostonians Know Each Other?11:27 Did Anyone Expect Violence?16:44 Paul Revere’s Image of the Massacre21:43 Boston Massacre Conspiracy Theories22:53 What Revere Exaggerated—or Invented24:33 What Can We Really Know?27:38 Revere's Motivation30:19 The Trial: Politics or Performance?31:18 The Boston Massacre on Trial32:23 John Adams: Ethics or Politics?34:18 Soldiers’ Self-Defense Explained35:15 Adams and the Soldiers’ Defense38:31 The Massacre as Family History40:34 British Living Among Bostonians44:14 Daily Life Before the “Massacre”46:53 A Broken Imperial Family?48:56 A Bad Divorce53:10 Dr. Zabin and Ken Burns’ "The American Revolution"55:22 "Just One Point"*****This interview with Dr. Serena Zabin examines the Boston Massacre—the social developments and everyday challenges faced by Bostonians and British residents that led to March 5, 1770, what happened that night, and, equally important, what followed, including Paul Revere’s propaganda and John Adams’s defense of the British soldiers.*****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: ►all images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:►⁠ Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) ⁠We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel ⁠ 🫶⁠Support Us⁠: We appreciate your⁠ financial support ⁠of our program. *****

What role did Enlightenment ideas and Thomas Paine’s concept of common sense play in shaping the American Revolution? In this conversation, Dr. Sophia Rosenfeld explores how revolutionary leaders digested and adapted European intellectual currents, and how ordinary people were imagined as capable of participating in a new kind of politics. Discover the ideas that sparked change and still influence us today.📄 Interview Transcript 🚩About My 198th Guest: Dr. Sophia Rosenfeld is a professor of history and former chair of the Department of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where she teaches European and American intellectual and cultural history with a special emphasis on the Enlightenment, the trans-Atlantic Age of Revolutions, and the legacy of the eighteenth century for modern democracy. Her writings and works include the following books: 1) "The Age of Choice: A History of Freedom in the Modern World" 2) "A Revolution in Language: The Problem of Signs in Late Eighteenth-Century France" 3) "Common Sense: A Political History " 4) "Democracy and Truth: A Short History"*****🧭 Explore AAR🖼️ Visual Index of the American Revolution: https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/images-of-the-american-revolution/🗂️Thems of the American Revolution *****🔔 Follow AAR: 🎞️ YouTube 🎞️🎧 Spotify 📰AAR's Newsletter ***** 📑 Video Chapters:00:00 Interview Highlights02:09 Interview Introduction 03:30 Defining Enlightenment04:33 Revolution of minds for whom? 08:41 For the Elite-or By the Elite? 12:45 One or many Enlightenments?14:15 Reason or Enlightenment? 16:12 When was Enlightenment?18:56 Secular or religious? 20:27 Revolution or Enlightenment? 22:28 American Revolution & Enlightenment 24:40 Was it called Enlightenment in 1700s? 27:43 “Common Sense: A Political History”32:44 Thomas Paine & 'common sense' 35:05 'common sense' against common people 38:23 'common sense' for Revolution39:25 'common sense' afterlife 42:20 The “Naïve” Truth-Teller43:54 The "Age of Choice" 45:31 Revolution & Making Choices 48:21 Americans now vs. during American Revolution51:17 Why risk a revolution? 52:22 Just One Point53:38 Thinking about thinking 56:49 Closing & "Yankee Doodle"*****This interview with Dr. Rosenfeld is about the Age of Enlightenment (aka Age of Revolutions) and its impact on the American Revolution. *****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: ►all images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:► Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) We incorporate parts of this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅ Subscribe to our YouTube channel 🫶Support Us: We appreciate your financial support of our program. *****

🖼️ Explore AAR’s Visual Index of the American Revolution☑️How much do you really know about the American Revolution? Quiz your knowledge▶️In Analyzing American Revolution (AAR), more than 30 scholars tell the story of the American Revolution from 30 different perspectives. AAR is a special series production of the History Behind News program - now in its 5th season, where Adel Aali - host and producer, has interviewed 196 scholars (and counting) about world history and, importantly, the history of our own country. So Adel has substantial experience in interviewing scholars and analyzing history. And he now brings that experience to analyze the history of the American Revolution with scholars who have spent decades researching subjects relating to the Revolutionary War and the American Revolution.***** 📑 Video Chapters: (00:00) opening music: U.S. Army Band (00:19) What is a revolution? (01:00) Thomas Paine - disliked by Founders? (01:13) French Alliance - An Irony? (02:29) British perspective - Russians or Hessians are coming? (03:20) Hyder Ali and the American Revolution (03:29) China - Europeans have nothing to offer! (03:53) Spain - What happened in Pensacola? (04:14) A civil war? (04:27) Adel Aali - Experienced Analysis of History with scholars (05:58) What is history? Storytelling vs. Analysis. (06:33) Lexington & Concord (07:17) Subject covered in this podcast series (07:35) Where to get Analyzing American Revolution (08:04) Quiz: https://bit.ly/AAR-YT-Quiz🚩Where to find AAR: Home: https://AnalyzingAmericanRevolution.comYouTube: 🎞️ https://www.youtube.com/@UCG7dqG9iXCn7G6Zk9CYm68ASpotify: 🎞️🎧 https://open.spotify.com/show/7hOxTKzLL18ffv5BajVdTD 📰AAR's Newsletter: https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/aar-newsletter/►Adel Aali, Host & ProducerAnalyzing American Revolution History Behind News podcast🚩AAR is a special series production of HbN HbN Home: https://HistoryBehindNews.comHbN Spotify: 🎧 https://bit.ly/HbN-Podcast-Spotify HbN Apple:🎧https://bit.ly/HbN-Podcast-Apple HbN YouTube: 🎞️ https://bit.ly/HbN-YT-Sub *****📽️This video is made with Filmora.☑️Image Attributions: ►Royal Standard of the Kings of France from the House of Bourbon is by LouisXVofFrance - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=120237700►all other images are in the Public Domain 🎵Music Attributions: "Yankee Doodle" in our videos:► Choral, U.S. Army Band (Public Domain) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yankee_Doodle_(choral).oggWe incorporate this fabulous performance in the beginning and end of our videos. ✅ Subscribe to our YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@AnalyzingAmericanRevolution 🫶Support Us: We appreciate your financial support of our program. ► https://historybehindnews.com/support