The Old World with Will Tanner

In this episode, Will discusses the history, formation, and immense accomplishments of the Virginia Gentry with J Burden. The two cover why the Virginian planter class was different from the planters of the Deep South and the WASPs of the North, making it the only real American aristocracy. They then cover how the famed "Virginia Cavalier" migration wave was true in a sense, and how it brought the concept of state, church, and property being unified to the Old Dominion. Building on that, they discuss how the leading men of Old Virginia built their local power and sovereignty through a "cursus honorum" that combined the best aspects of aristocracy and democracy to build a tremendously competent leadership class in Colonial Virginia and Early Republic America. Finally, the two then discuss what we can learn from the Virginia gentry to rebuild effective political, social, and economic power as a counter-elite. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-virginia-gentry-americas-only  Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks!   A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790 By Emory G. Evans, ⁠https://amzn.to/4o7ILN0⁠  Albion's Seed By David Hackett Fischer, ⁠https://amzn.to/4fHA89R⁠ Colonial Virginia: Its People and Customs By Mary Newton Stanard, ⁠https://amzn.to/4e2nT4W⁠  Colonial Virginia, Volume I and II By Richard L. Morton, ⁠https://amzn.to/3SjTUy8⁠ American Revolutionaries in the Making By Charles S. Sydnor, ⁠https://amzn.to/4dZsPaZ⁠ Old Virginia by William M. S. Rasmussen, ⁠https://amzn.to/4e2mueG⁠ The Age of Federalism By Stanley M. Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick, ⁠https://amzn.to/3QfnQuR⁠ The First Gentlemen of Virginia By Louis B. Wright, ⁠https://amzn.to/43dW3Oh⁠ The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 By Rhys Isaac, ⁠https://amzn.to/4e4YZSs⁠ Tobacco Culture By T. H. Breen,⁠https://amzn.to/43N4FLY⁠ The Sociology of Colonial Virginia By Morris Talpalar, ⁠https://amzn.to/4o8Ny0v⁠

This episode investigates the vital, lifelong partnership between George Washington and Richard Henry Lee, examining the persistent historical rumors that Lee sought to undermine the Commander in Chief in favor of General Nathanael Greene during the desperate winter at Valley Forge. Long before the whispers of the Conway Cabal or the publication of forged letters designed to divide them, their alliance was forged in the Northern Neck of Virginia and tested within the House of Burgesses, where they stood together against the corrupt circle of Treasury SecretaryJohn Robinson. From their joint resistance to the Stamp Act and the signing of the Westmoreland Resolves, Lee and Washington operated in lockstep. When Washington took to the field to lead the Continental Army, Lee became his indispensable voice within the Continental Congress—securing critical food and ordnance, routing trans-Atlantic intelligence directly to the field, and eventually orchestrating the political destruction of the Conway Cabal to secure Washington's supreme command. Though the ratification of the United States Constitution would later trigger a political rift—with Lee emerging as a leading Anti-Federalist critic—their personal bond endured until the master of Chantilly on the Potomac was laid to rest. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-conway-cabal-did-richard-henry  CHAPTERS: 0:00 Founding Foes and Friends 3:48 The Great Northern Neck Alliance: George Washington and Richard Henry Lee 6:39 How Henry Lee and George Washington Led Stamp Act Resistance 8:38 Supporting the War and Washington 12:46 The Conway Cabal: Rumors and Reality 21:07 A Divide Over the Constitution 23:09 Old Friends Reunite 24:32 Shared Western Dreams 26:21 Final Political Alignment     Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks!   Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe Maier, Pauline: The Old Revolutionaries, https://amzn.to/3RdsNEU McGaughy, J. Kent: Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ewtGA4 Chitwood, Oliver Perry: Richard Henry Lee, Statesman of the Revolution, https://amzn.to/4ghdkxM Unger, Harlow Giles: First Founding Father: Richard Henry Lee and the Call to Independence, https://amzn.to/4oYRYaB Burt, Nathaniel: First Families: The Making of an American Aristocracy, https://amzn.to/3Sopnj2 Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/43UPMaK Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia VOLUME II Westward Expansion and Prelude to Revolution, 1710-1763, https://amzn.to/4vynVJw Potts, Louis W.: Arthur Lee: A Virtuous Revolutionary, https://amzn.to/4vpFLOF Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z

First of the Founding Fathers to openly call for independence, the first to call for union of the states, and the first to call for a bill of rights, Richard Henry Lee was one of the greatest Founding Fathers and is the Founder most remarkable for the number of "firsts" to his name. It was also Richard Henry Lee who authored the Westmoreland Resolves that led the field in organized and armed resistance to Britain, introduced the idea of Intercolonial Committees of Correspondence, was first chosen by Virginia to attend the First Continental Congress, and who masterminded a slew of political and diplomatic victories that ensured Washington's ultimate victory in the Revolutionary War. He held Congress together when Philadelphia was captured, saved Stratford Hall from British raiders by leading the militia, organized the West by creating the law that became the Northwest Ordinance, and ensured the Bill of Rights became law. He was a great man, yet now he is the Forgotten Founding Father, the man who ought be remembered but is not. So we remember him, this is his story Listen ad-free here: ⁠https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-first-and-forgotten-founding⁠ CHAPTERS:   0:00 America's First Founding Father 7:27 Richard Henry Lee's Life at Chantilly on the Potomac 19:13 Richard Henry Lee Enters Virginia Politics 25:00 The Architect of Resistance to the Stamp Act 29:06 Creator of the Committees of Correspondence 33:20 Richard Henry Lee Declares Independence 37:48 War, Raids, and Congress 39:37 A Leader During Confederation, Shaper of the West 41:19 Anti-Federalist Leader? 44:03 Senator and Bill of Rights Champion 45:03 Retirement and Disillusionment 49:50 Final Years at Chantilly on the Potomoac     Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks!   Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe Maier, Pauline: The Old Revolutionaries, https://amzn.to/3RdsNEU McGaughy, J. Kent: Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ewtGA4 Chitwood, Oliver Perry: Richard Henry Lee, Statesman of the Revolution, https://amzn.to/4ghdkxM Unger, Harlow Giles: First Founding Father: Richard Henry Lee and the Call to Independence, https://amzn.to/4oYRYaB Burt, Nathaniel: First Families: The Making of an American Aristocracy, https://amzn.to/3Sopnj2 Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/43UPMaK Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia VOLUME II Westward Expansion and Prelude to Revolution, 1710-1763, https://amzn.to/4vynVJw Potts, Louis W.: Arthur Lee: A Virtuous Revolutionary, https://amzn.to/4vpFLOF Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z

In the winter of 1750, the death of Thomas Lee left his six sons to inherit a massive empire of Tidewater land and transatlantic commerce—an inheritance that would ultimately forge them into the most formidable family alliance of the American Revolution. Steeped in the stern classical traditions of Greece and Rome, the five younger brothers—Thomas Ludwell, Richard Henry, Francis Lightfoot, William, and Arthur Lee—found themselves bound together by a shared Classical tradition, patriotic American outlook, and bitter domestic feud over their patrimony against their overbearing eldest brother, Philip Ludwell Lee. From the splendorous river wharves of Stratford Hall to the quiet gardens of Chantilly-on-the-Potomac, and from the legislative benches of Williamsburg and Philadelphia to the precarious courts of Europe, this chronicle follows five of the greatest men of the Lee Family of Virginia as they sacrificed their ease,  fortune, and peace to win the American Revolution and build the American Republic.   CHAPTERS:   0:00 The Death of Thomas Lee at Stratford Hall 3:15 How A Classical Education Created Four Founders 10:13 Philip Ludwell Lee—"Colonel Phil"—Takes Control 13:00 The Lee Brothers Work Together, But are Divided by Thomas's Will 21:15 Chantilly on the Potomac Becomes The Base of the Founding Brothers 23:12 How the Lee Brothers Helped Win the American Revolution 29:12 William and Arthur Abroad 33:05 The Cost of Revolution: Death and Disillusionment 38:18 The Legacy of the Lee Brothers of Stratform Hall   Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks!   Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z McGaughy, J. Kent: Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ewtGA4 Burt, Nathaniel: First Families: The Making of an American Aristocracy, https://amzn.to/3Sopnj2 Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/43UPMaK Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia VOLUME II Westward Expansion and Prelude to Revolution, 1710-1763, https://amzn.to/4vynVJw Potts, Louis W.: Arthur Lee: A Virtuous Revolutionary, https://amzn.to/4vpFLOF

How does a younger son, marginalized by primogeniture, forge America's most formidable revolutionary dynasty, siring four of the greatest Founding Fathers and two signers of the Declaration of Independence? This is the epic saga of Thomas Lee, the father of the Founding Fathers, builder of Stratford Hall, and great frontier fortune builder. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/father-of-four-founding-fathers-thomas  Before his sons shook the foundations of the British Empire, a single man conquered the isolating stillness of the early Virginia wilderness. Born in 1690 at Machodoc plantation to Richard Lee II, Thomas taught himself the ancient classics by candlelight, cultivating an aggressive, unyielding genius for land, trade, and politics. In 1711, at the remarkably raw age of twenty-one, he supplanted Robert "King" Carter, becoming the resident agent for Lady Fairfax's five-million-acre Northern Neck Proprietary. For years, Thomas lived in the saddle, mapping critical river access and scouting the uncultivated frontier so he could patent prime territories for himself—including massive holdings near the Great Falls of the Potomac. In 1722, he wed the aristocratic heiress Hannah Harrison Ludwell, anchoring his branch of the  Lee Family of Virginia to the highest tier of Tidewater society. But the fragile peace of the colony was shattered on a bitter winter night in 1729 when a gang of transported convicts, whom Thomas had strictly punished as a local magistrate, set his Machadoc plantation manor house ablaze. The family narrowly escaped into the freezing night as their home, commercial stores, and cherished library were entirely reduced to cinders. Rising from the ashes, Thomas—supported by the exceptional talents of his wife, Hannah—finished constructing his fortress-like brick masterpiece upon the Potomac cliffs: Stratford Hall. While Hannah directed this flourishing plantation and center of trade, Thomas ascended to the apex of colonial power, serving in the House of Burgesses before being appointed to the elite, life-appointed Governor's Council. He then became one of the great men pushing expansion to the West. In 1744, he negotiated the historic Treaty of Lancaster with the Six Nations and organized the Ohio Company, boldly claiming a continental empire for the British Crown. By 1749, he reached the zenith of colonial politics as Acting Governor of Virginia. He died in 1750, leaving behind a vast estate and six sons whose inherited defiance would ultimately ignite the American Revolution. This is the tale of how one man's relentless ambition laid the physical, financial, and political foundations of a republic. CHAPTERS: 0:00 Thomas Lee of Stratford Hall: Father of the Founding Fathers 1:44 Thomas Lee's Early Life as a Younger Son 6:15 How Thomas Lee Became the Agent for the Fairfax Proprietorship, and Used It to Build a Fortune 15:26 Thomas Lee's Marriage to Hannah Ludwell Lee 17:08 Fire and Ruin: The Convicts Cause Damage 22:03 Stratford Hall: Building a Plantation 33:36 Thomas Lee's Rise to the Top of Virginia Politics 36:45 Thomas Lee's Western Empire Vision: The Treaty of Lancaster and the Ohio Company 42:19 The First Virginian: Thomas Lee Becomes Acting Governor of Virginia 44:11 His Final Years and Legacy Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z McGaughy, J. Kent: Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ewtGA4 Burt, Nathaniel: First Families: The Making of an American Aristocracy, https://amzn.to/3Sopnj2 Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/43UPMaK Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia VOLUME II Westward Expansion and Prelude to Revolution, 1710-1763, https://amzn.to/4vynVJw Potts, Louis W.: Arthur Lee: A Virtuous Revolutionary, https://amzn.to/4vpFLOF  Image credits: Lee Family Coat of Arms based on Glasshouse using elements by Sodacan, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Theodor de Bry, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons By MamaGeek at English Wikipedia, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4255589 By I, MamaGeek, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2523197 By Mobilus In Mobili - https://www.flickr.com/photos/mobili/25412267772/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57303158 By Codex Sinaiticus at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57703516 By Ron Cogswell - The Governor's Palace -- Williamsburg (VA) September 2012, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47502435

This is the tale of how the Lee Family of Virginia became a fledgling American aristocracy after Richard Lee I died in 1664, leaving behind the foundations of a great family fortune: a large commercial and landholding empire divided between Virginia and London. In this episode, we dive into how Richard Lee II, known as Richard the Scholar, became the patriarch and guided his family into becoming a dynasty, while navigating crises like Bacon's Rebellion and the Glorious Revolution, always working to preserve the family estates and secure their future for later generations, including great men like Thomas Lee, Richard Henry Lee, and Francis Lightfoot Lee.   Subscribe for more deep-dive history: https://www.youtube.com/@realTheOldWorldShow Listen ad-free here: Who was the real driving force behind the famous Lee Family of Virginia? While Colonel Richard Lee "The Emigrant" built a staggering transatlantic shipping and tobacco empire involving 15,000 acres of land, multiple ships, and a London headquarters, the true test of the dynasty belonged to the children he left behind in the wild country of the Northern Neck, particularly his second-oldest son, Richard "the Scholar" Lee. In this long-form historical podcast about the Lee family, we investigate the dramatic, often-overlooked history of the second generation of that dynasty that later proved so influential in American history, particularly during the American Revolution. We track the contrasting lives of the sons of Richard Lee I: John Lee, the Oxford-educated "Golden Boy" who created America's very first country club before dying young; Francis Lee, the calculating London merchant who built a great fortune but fell out of the family; and the central patriarch, Richard Lee II—"The Scholar in the Wilderness". Richard Lee II was a pious and private man who much preferred his library of 300 books to the chaos of colonial politics and fortune building. Yet, following his brother's sudden death, he was dragged from his study to lead the family through the bloodiest upheavals in early American history—enduring a harrowing imprisonment during Bacon's Rebellion and an almost career-ending standoff in the Glorious Revolution, before later working with the Fairfax family to bring order and aristocracy to the Northern Neck. Finally, we uncover how feuding over a poorly written will helped him set up the third generation of Lees for success, and how Richard II's legacy as the unwilling but dutiful patriarch of the Lees of Virginia ought be considered and remembered. CHAPTERS: 0:00 The Death of Richard Lee I 1:37 The Lee Family's Second Generation 6:07 John Lee, the Golden Son 11:21 Francis Lee: Critical Merchant Across the Atlantic 15:22 "The Scholar": Richard Lee II Takes Charge 22:07 The Cousinage: Richard Lee's Marriage Into the Corbin Family 26:10 How Richard Lee II Stood Down Bacon's Rebellion 33:10 Richard Lee II's Glorious Revolution Crisis 37:18 The Dynasty Solidifies: Fighting for Family Lands 43:30 The Lee Family of Virginia: Richard Lee II's Lasting Legacy Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z McGaughy, J. Kent: Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ewtGA4 Image credits: Lee Family Coat of Arms based on Glasshouse using elements by Sodacan, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Theodor de Bry, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

This episode examines the Lee family of Virginia and their claim to descend from a Norman named Reynard de Lega through the landed gentry of Shropshire, namely the Lees of Coton Hall and Nordley Regis, the arms of whom they long claimed, and to whom they insisted they were related. It traces the evidence that supported the pedigree, including a silver cup, a Latin inscription, a tombstone, heraldic writing, and a family Bible, all of which helped persuade the College of Heralds to confirm the Lee arms in 1930. The episode then turns to doubts raised by historians, including repeated place-name errors, such as "Morton Regis", and a genealogy based on an English letter that guessed at the family's earlier history. It then discussed a later investigation that used wills, baptismal records, probate files, and parish registers to argue that Richard Lee I was the son of a Worcester cloth merchant named John Lee and Jane Hancock rather than the Shropshire gentry. Finally, it discusses the generally merchant family origins of many of the First Families of Virginia, including the Carters, and how both those mercantile roots and the old Norman, gentry legend can be true because of how primogeniture operated in 17th century Britain and drove younger sons into trade and to America.   0:00 The Lee Family of Virginia's Norman Legend 2:42 The Lees of Coton Hall 8:33 The Evidence: A Cup and the College of Heralds 15:51 Tombstone Doubts 22:04 Thorndale's Genealogical Breakthrough 25:42 The Merchant Ancestry of the Lees Revealed 28:24 A Mixed Heritage Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/4xs9gRt Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Fischer, David Hackett: Albion's Seed,  https://amzn.to/4gayayG Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z  Image credits: Lee Family Coat of Arms based on Glasshouse using elements by Sodacan, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

This is the story of the dynast who founded the Lee Family of Virginia: Richard Lee I, also known as Richard Lee the Emigrant. In it we tell the story of his rise in Virginia, from his start as a Clerk of the Quarter Court and Indian trader to his time as great landed proprietor and Secretary of State of Virginia. We discuss his marriage to Anne Constable, how he accumulated landed wealth on a massive scale, and how he survived the Commonwealth and the Restoration. It's an exciting tale of frontier adventure, family triumph, and a great man whose bravery shaped America more than perhaps any other, through his descendants. 0:00 Arrival in Jamestown 3:23 The Lee Family: Cavaliers, Merchants, or Both? 8:13 Richard Lee Becomes a Merchant, and Heads to Virginia 11:53 How Richard Lee Got Ahead: Governor Francis Wyatt 15:31 Richard Marries Anne Constable 17:51 Lee Becomes a Leader of Virginia 25:33 Tobacco, Trade, and Indentures: How Richard Lee Built the Lee Family Fortune, Despite Indian Attacks 35:27 Richard Lee's Royal Mission to Breda 40:16 How Lee the Cavalier Survived the Commonwealth and Quietly Built a Fortune 45:00 The Stuart Restoration, and Lee Returns to Virginia 48:36 How Richard Lee I Ensured the Lees Would Become Famous Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Nagel, Paul C.: The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Dynasty, https://amzn.to/4uCI6o9 Hendrick, Burton J.: The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uCN4BF Lee, Cazenove G. Jr.: Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4vGzbDe Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790, https://amzn.to/4xs9gRt Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Fischer, David Hackett: Albion's Seed,  https://amzn.to/4gayayG Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z  Image credits: Coton Hall north of Birdsgreen in Shropshire by Roger  D Kidd, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Glasshouse using elements by Sodacan, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

This episode introduces the First Families of Virginia, explaining how a small group of younger sons of the gentry and merchant families became a class of elite colonial families came to dominate first the Tidewater, and then Virginia. It begins by describing how younger sons hoped to rebuild themselves as landed gentlemen in the New World, and then discusses the debate over whether these First Families of Virginia were truly "Cavaliers" or whether that label stems from a later legend meant to shroud their humble origins.  The episode then explains how these families used capital, trade, and officeholding to acquire huge riverfront estates, expand tobacco production, and eventually shift from indentured labor to enslaved African labor after Bacon's Rebellion and the Navigation Acts made the old system less profitable. It then profiles several of the most famous First Families of Virginia, including the Randolphs, Byrds, Harrisons, Ludwells, Burwells, Pages, Nelsons, Carters, Beverleys, Wormleys, Lees, Fitzhughs, and Custises, describing their marriage alliance, massive estates, political offices, commercial activity, and in some cases, their role in the Revolution. The conclusion of this episode covers the social peak and decline of the Virginia gentry. It describes how their intermarriages and grand brick plantation homes turned into lifestyles of debt that were wrecked by the effects of the American Revolution that the Virginia gentry did so much to lead, along with describing how soil exhaustion played a role in ending the reign of the old Virginia gentry. 0:00 Who Were The First Families of Virginia? 5:05 The History of the Virginia Cavaliers 8:35 The Younger Sons Form a Virginia Gentry 12:52 Land, Trade, and Slavery: The Basis of Financial Power for the FFVs 18:03 How the Virginia Gentry Dominated Local and State Politics 21:46 The Randolph Family of Virginia: The Adam and Eve of Virginia 22:47 The Byrd Family of Virginia: Fortune and Ruin 24:32 The Harrison Family 25:19 The Ludwell Family and Green Spring 26:26 The Burwell Family of Virginia 27:27 The Pages and Nelsons 29:03 The Carter Family of Virginia 31:32 The Beverlys and Wormeleys at Rosegill, 32:07 The Lees of Stratford Hall, and 34:08 the Fitzhughs 35:10 The Custis and Washington Families 37:03 Intermarriage Amongst the FFVs 39:07 Luxury and Debt End the Golden Age 43:26 Revolution and Collapse 46:46 Twilight of the Old Dominion 49:06 Virginia's Lasting Legacy Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Evans, Emory G.: A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790. Sydnor, Charles S.: Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia, https://amzn.to/3QxjEXq  Isaac, Rhys: The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790, https://amzn.to/4ee2INl Dowdey, Clifford: The Virginia Dynasties, https://amzn.to/4vlqoqN Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age, https://amzn.to/3QbGNi4 Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/4gdOxKR Fischer, David Hackett: Albion's Seed,  https://amzn.to/4gayayG Breen, T.H.: Tobacco Culture, https://amzn.to/4uuwvYy  Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ekuR5z

Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/what-was-life-like-growing-up-in  If you are interested in what life was like in Rhodesia in the 1970s, during the height of the Bush War, from the perspective of a woman who grew up on a frontline farm often attacked, this is the interview for you! In this show, Alice Henningway tells Will what life was like in Rhodesia, where she grew up during the Bush War in the 1970s. Alice and Will discuss the dangerous reality of life on a farm during the Bush War, life after Rhodesia in Zimbabwe, and the unique culture of Rhodesia through the lens of her memoir "Nyika, I Love You". Alice also describes her family's relationship with the Shona people who worked on and lived near their farm on tribal trust land, the Shona traditions she learned there, her family's background, and how she experienced the sharp contrasts of Rhodesian society, which combined formal colonial life with the rigors and dangers of the Bush War, and the excitement of living on the frontier.  Alice also describes her father's Save Valley Conservancy project, describing how it was transformed from cattle ranch land into conservation land. She describes the species reintroduced, how elephants were moved there, the reality of protecting rhinos from poachers, and how local communities are involved in the work. Toward the end, she reflects on leaving Zimbabwe and explains that her memoir is a record of her life and a tribute to the country, Nyika, and her family, while also mentioning her next books. Get "Nyika, I Love You" here: ⁠https://amzn.to/4uppLuF⁠ Get "Don't Let's Go to the Dogs Tonight": ⁠https://amzn.to/4xdFEqJ⁠ (I am an Amazon Associate and will receive a small commission if you use the above links to order these great books). Chapters 0:00 Alice's Rhodesian Childhood: What It Was Like to Grow Up on a Rhodesian Farm 3:57 Living on Tribal Trust Land 5:49 Crazy Encounters with Crocodiles and Hippos 8:15 The Roots of a Rhodesian Farming Family 10:05 The Incredible Reality of Rhodesian Culture 14:21 Life at a Rhodesian Country Club 17:24 Drinking, Horses, Polo, and More: Another Side of the Rhodesian Experience 21:14 What Life Was Like after Mugabe Took Power 23:45 The Save Valley Conservancy 32:19 Fun and Wild Animal Encounters: Drunk Elephants and Protected Rhinos 36:49 Building Relationships with Zimbabwean Villagers 41:53 What Is It Like to Lose One's Home? 46:18 Exile and Homesickness: The Rhodesian Expat Experience 49:19 "Nyika, I Love You", and Alice's Other Works 57:14 Closing Thoughts

These are the works I read to study and learn about the history of Virginia, from the earliest days of colonization into the modern, postbellum era. Collectively, these are a good way of learning about practically every aspect of the Old Dominion over that time period, from managing a plantation and Cavalier culture, to the mechanics of politics in the state and Westward expansion.  In this video, I discuss which ones are best for getting a general history of the state, learning about the development of the Virginia Gentry, understanding plantation life and the economics of the plantations, understanding what set Virginia apart from the rest of the South, and getting into learning about the great men of the state's history. I'll also cover which ones are terrible, and should be avoided.  Note: I am an Amazon affiliate. If you would like to help support the show at no cost to yourself, you can do so by using the link I have attached for each book, if that book is one you would like to read. A Disease in the Public Mind: A New Understanding of Why We Fought the Civil War By Thomas Fleming, https://amzn.to/4oeeRqs  A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790 By Emory G. Evans, https://amzn.to/4o7ILN0  Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America By David Hackett Fischer, https://amzn.to/4fHA89R  Behold Virginia: The Fifth Crown By George F. Willison, https://amzn.to/3RZUalS  Colonial Virginia: Its People and Customs By Mary Newton Stanard, https://amzn.to/4e2nT4W  Colonial Virginia, Volume I: The Tidewater Period, 1607-1710 By Richard L. Morton, https://amzn.to/3SjTUy8  Colonial Virginia, Volume II: Westward Expansion and Prelude to Revolution, 1710-1763 By Richard L. Morton, https://amzn.to/3SjTUy8  Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, Volume I and II By Philip Alexander Bruce, https://amzn.to/4vsQ4RP  Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815 By Gordon S. Wood, https://amzn.to/4xcNUaO  First Families: The Making of an American Aristocracy By Nathaniel Burt, https://amzn.to/4dWhGaJ  Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia By Charles S. Sydnor, https://amzn.to/4dZsPaZ  George Washington, Entrepreneur: How Our Founding Father's Private Business Pursuits Changed America and the World By John Berlau, https://amzn.to/4ui7PCq  Lee By Clifford Dowdey, https://amzn.to/4o7H7Lk  Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees of Virginia By Cazenove Gardner Lee, Jr., https://amzn.to/43dYssh  Myths & Realities: Societies of the Colonial South By Carl Bridenbaugh, https://amzn.to/4dMbKlV  Old Virginia: The Pursuit of a Pastoral Ideal by Robert S. Tilton and William M. S. Rasmussen, https://amzn.to/4e2mueG  Patrician and Plebeian in Virginia: Or the Origin and Development of the Social Classes of the Old Dominion By Thomas J. Wertenbaker, https://amzn.to/43efFll  Robert Carter of Nomini Hall: A Virginia Tobacco Planter of the Eighteenth Century By Louis Morton, https://amzn.to/4xmlX0e  Savage Kingdom: The True Story of Jamestown, 1607, and the Settlement of America By Benjamin Woolley, https://amzn.to/43ccJWA  Seat of Empire: The Political Role of Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg By Carl Bridenbaugh, https://amzn.to/4ellGmz  Sir William Berkeley and the Forging of Colonial Virginia By Warren M. Billings, https://amzn.to/49FDqqd  Social Life in Old Virginia Before the War By Thomas Nelson Page, https://amzn.to/4fXkhUn  Social Life of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century By Philip Alexander Bruce, https://amzn.to/4x2jkk5  The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800 By Stanley M. Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick, https://amzn.to/3QfnQuR  The Birth of Virginia's Aristocracy By James C. Thompson II, https://amzn.to/4dZDoun  The British Gentry, the Southern Planter, and the. Northern Family Farmer: Agriculture and Sectional Antagonism in North by James L. Huston, https://amzn.to/4uhZOgx  The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 By Gordon S. Wood, https://amzn.to/4uVFwLi  The First Gentlemen of Virginia: Intellectual Qualities of the Early Colonial Ruling Class By Louis B. Wright, https://amzn.to/43dW3Oh  The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789 By Robert Middlekauff, https://amzn.to/4uIXcJH  The Golden Age: A Climate for Greatness, Virginia 1732-1775 By Clifford Dowdey, https://amzn.to/4obCIXQ  The Great Plantation: A Profile of Berkeley Hundred and Plantation Virginia from Jamestown to Appomattox by Clifford Dowdey, https://amzn.to/4vkxLy2  The Landed Gentry By Sophy Burnham, https://amzn.to/4vq7Vss  The Lees of Virginia: Biography of a Family By Burton J. Hendrick, https://amzn.to/3RL7nip  The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family By Paul C. Nagel, https://amzn.to/4opLnWN  The Old Dominion: Her Making and Her Manners By Thomas Nelson Page, https://amzn.to/4uNU0wn   The Planters of Colonial Virginia By Thomas J. Wertenbaker, https://amzn.to/4dNhls9  The Radicalism of the American Revolution By Gordon S. Wood, https://amzn.to/43xdklT  The Revolution in Virginia, 1775-1783 By John E. Selby, https://amzn.to/4uer7sa  The Sociology of Colonial Virginia By Morris Talpalar, https://amzn.to/4o8Ny0v  The Soul of a Nation: The Founding of Virginia and the Projection of New England By Matthew Page Andrews, https://amzn.to/4dMwUjV  The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 By Rhys Isaac, https://amzn.to/4e4YZSs  The Virginia Dynasties: The Emergence of "King" Carter and the Golden Age By Clifford Dowdey, https://amzn.to/4o8o2Zm  The Virginia Plutarch, Volumes I and II By Philip Alexander Bruce, https://amzn.to/4uTuAxy  Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial Era By Arthur Pierce Middleton, https://amzn.to/4dRzKmg  Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution By T. H. Breen,https://amzn.to/43N4FLY  Virginia, 1705-1786: Democracy or Aristocracy? By Robert E. and B. Katherine Brown, https://amzn.to/3S3TLil  Virginia Baron: The Story of Thomas 6th Lord Fairfax By Stuart E. Brown Jr, https://amzn.to/4uVBIK0  Virginia: The English Heritage in America By Parke Rouse, Jr., https://amzn.to/4x4dcrg  Virginia: The New Dominion By Virginius Dabney, https://amzn.to/4vjjSQO  Virginia, The Old Dominion By Matthew Page Andrews, https://amzn.to/4dZmjB3  Virginia Under the Stuarts, 1607-1688 By Thomas Jefferson Wertenbaker, https://amzn.to/4o8LPIz  Washington By Douglas Southall Freeman, https://amzn.to/4fY4rJe 

This is the tale of the Knights of the Golden Circle, a pro-slavery, semi-secret, and paramilitary society in the 1850s and early 1860s that aimed to conquer a vast territorial sphere comprising much of the Caribbean world, centered on Havana, and used filibustering in an attempt to realize that immense dream of a tropical empire built on slavery.  In it, Will and Clossington explore the history, foundation, and structure of the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe. We discuss its roots in earlier filibustering expeditions in Florida, Texas, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Cuba, including the famous campaigns of Narciso López and William Walker. Further, we discuss the life and career of George Bickley, the lifelong huckster and founder of the KGC, who built the organization through lodges called "castles", secretive rituals, and surprisingly serious political connections in the highest levels of the American government. We then discuss how his foibles caused disaster when the Knights of the Golden Circle tried to invade Mexico.  Finally, we discuss the history of the Knights of the Golden Circle in the American Civil War period, during which KGC members supported secession, challenged Republican policy as Northern Copperheads, and helped form the local Confederate units that served as the foundation for much of the early Confederate Army. Recommended further reading: Knights of the Golden Circle: Secret Empire, Southern Secession, Civil War by David Keehn. You can support this show at no cost to yourself by using my Amazon associates link to get it here: https://amzn.to/4dQfLo3 Chapters: 0:00 Who Were the Knights of the Golden Circle? 3:45 The Organization and Goals of the Knights of the Golden Circle 11:40 Filibustering in American History, from Taking the Floridas to William Walker 19:01 George Bickley and Narciso López: The Cuban and Mexican Schemes 29:35 George Bickley: The Man Who Built the Knights of the Golden Circle 35:33 The Grand Strategy of Bickley's KGC 43:36 Why the Filibusters Failed 46:17 President Bucanan, Jefferson Davis, and Why American Elites Took It Seriously 49:54 The Role of the Knights of the Golden Circle in the Civil War 58:26 The KGC Falls Apart 1:01:40 The Legacy Of the KGC, and Further Reading

In this episode, Will and J. Chase Davis discuss his new book, Offensive Christianity, through the lens of where the modern church went wrong, and how to reclaim the Christian spirit of days past. They discuss the egalitarian drift of the church and where it began, how the Enlightenment and rise of democracy played into that drift, and what we can do about it. They comment on steady state Christian society versus a fervent Christian society that burns itself out, the Puritans, monarchy, and the evangelical movement before discussing finding a church that fits with your heritage and culture, what Nietzsche got wrong, and what sort of men we can look up to. Overall, they go back and forth over what it will take to return to the days when the church and Christian society create Christian heroes rather than the sort of gelded church we generally have today. Get Chase's book here: Offensive Christianity Follow Chase on X here: https://x.com/jchasedavis

This is the true story of Pocahontas, not the Disney one. This is the tale of a beloved little princess in the Powhatan Confederacy named Matoaka known for her curiosity, hence the nickname "Pocahontas" that became invariably associated with the tale of Virginia's earliest days. She was used in a game of high-stakes frontier diplomacy with John Smith that turned into a legend of lovestruck sacrifice, she was sold to Samuel Argall by her own people for a copper kettle during the Anglo-Powhatan War, and then she was Westernized and christened Lady Rebecca by the English. Abandoned and betrayed by her father and her people when the Powhatan betrayed her yet again to keep a few rusty swords, she then married John Rolfe and became the feted belle of the ball in England, where she met the king and queen, reunited with John Smith, and caught the illness that laid her low. But, it turns out, not just her memory, but her original name lives on in the name of one of America's most famous battlefields… 0:00 Pocahontas Saves John Smith 3:20 Why Is Pocahontas Important? 3:54: How Maoaka Got the Nickname, "Pocahontas" 5:27 Growing Up in the Powhatan Confederacy 7:18 Did Pocahontas Really Save John Smith 10:22 The First Anglo-Powhatan War 12:36 Pocahontas Is Captured by Samuel Argall 15:03 Pocahonas Is Westernized at Henrico 17:01 Pocahontas Meets John Rolfe, and They Fall In Love 21:15 The Powhatan People Refuse to Fight or Negotiate for Pocahontas 23:28 Pocahontas Marries Rolfe 23:33 Pocahontas Marries John Rolfe 26:11 Lady Rebecca and John Rolfe Travel to London 28:14 Pocahontas and John Smith Meet Again 29:00 Pocahontas Takes London Society by Storm 30:20 Pocahontas Grows Sick in Polluted London 31:10 Pocahontas dies Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Smith, Captain John: The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles., https://amzn.to/49H3hxR Willison, George F.: Behold Virginia: The Fifth Crown, https://amzn.to/4do9YG4  Dabney, Virginius: Virginia: The New Dominion, https://amzn.to/4dtAE8l  Andrews, Matthew Page: Virginia: The Old Dominion, Vol. I, https://amzn.to/4uZBW2h  Bruce, Philip Alexander: The Virginia Plutarch, Vol I, https://amzn.to/437cAU0  Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ua3bqY  Andrews, Matthew Page: The Soul of a Nation: The Founding Of Virginia and the Projection of New England, https://amzn.to/4d9Ut60 

Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-cradle-of-the-revolution-how  In this show, Will argues that Virginia, rather than Massachusetts, was the cradle of the American Revolution. To do so, he begins with the French and Indian War, describing the cost of it to both Virginia and Britain, and how it led to the Stamp Act, one of the key causes of the American Revolution. He then explains why the Stamp Act's silver currency requirement was particularly harmful to the agrarian, tobacco-dependent Virginia economy. Continuing, he argues that when Richard Henry Lee led Virginia into its 1766 passing of the Westmoreland Resolves—also called the Leedsburg Resolutions—that was the moment the Revolution began, and that the standard of organized political reaction to British tyranny set by it was the path to revolution that other states followed. Further, he explains why the Westmoreland Resolves were such a critical step forward that served as the beginning of the Revolution, what made the men behind them special, and how they show the unique culture of leadership and duty that existed in the Virginia of the Golden Age. He concludes by noting Richard Henry Lee's later involvement in the Declaration of Independence, and how Virginia led America in pushing for it. Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Smith, Captain John: The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles., https://amzn.to/49H3hxR Willison, George F.: Behold Virginia: The Fifth Crown, https://amzn.to/4do9YG4 Dabney, Virginius: Virginia: The New Dominion, https://amzn.to/4dtAE8l Andrews, Matthew Page: Virginia: The Old Dominion, Vol. I, https://amzn.to/4uZBW2h Bruce, Philip Alexander: The Virginia Plutarch, Vol I, https://amzn.to/437cAU0 Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ua3bqY Andrews, Matthew Page: The Soul of a Nation: The Founding Of Virginia and the Projection of New England, https://amzn.to/4d9Ut6 Image credit: Public Domain unless otherwise stated Major George Washington, Junius Brutus Stearns, CC BY-SA 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/, via Wikimedia Commons Fort Necessity Diorama, Pi3.124, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Fort Necessity, Chris Light, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In this episode, Will tells the tale of the life of John Smith, the mercenary-turned-explorer who was the first great Virginia hero. This is the tale of how Smith won his knighthood by defeating three Ottoman Turks in single combat, how he ended up as a leader in the original settlement of Virginia, and how his lasting legacy was the map he made out of his own explorations. Will also discusses why Pocahontas saved John Smith, how Smith saved Jamestown, and his legacy in mapping New England, along with why he died in relative obscurity. Listen ad-free and access the transcript here: ⁠https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-life-of-john-smith-virginias⁠ Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Smith, Captain John: The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles., https://amzn.to/49H3hxR Willison, George F.: Behold Virginia: The Fifth Crown, https://amzn.to/4do9YG4 Dabney, Virginius: Virginia: The New Dominion, https://amzn.to/4dtAE8l Andrews, Matthew Page: Virginia: The Old Dominion, Vol. I, https://amzn.to/4uZBW2h Bruce, Philip Alexander: The Virginia Plutarch, Vol I, https://amzn.to/437cAU0 Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ua3bqY Andrews, Matthew Page: The Soul of a Nation: The Founding Of Virginia and the Projection of New England, https://amzn.to/4d9Ut60 Timestamps 0:00 John Smith Saves Virginia: He Who Does Not Work, Neither Shall He Eat at Jamestown 4:36 The Humble Origins of John Smith 5:55 John Smith Becomes a European Mercenary 7:33 How John Smith Became a Legend 10:02 John Smith Becomes a Slave of the Ottoman Turks 14:04 How John Smith Joined the Virginia Company, and the Virginia Expedition 15:40 Smith and Bartholomew Gosnold 18:05 John Smith Feuds With Everyone 20:09 Smith Is Saved 21:33 Jamestown Is Founded, and Disaster Begins 22:40 Smith is Saved by Pocahontas 25:29 John Smith Maps Virginia 29:41 John Smith and Indian Diplomacy 34:07 John Smith Saves Jamestown 36:11 Smith's Style of Negotiating with the Indians 38:11 Smith's Enemies Return, and He Must Leave 43:40 Smith Maps New England 45:11 The Pilgrims Don't Like John Smith 46:14 The End of John Smith's Life Image credit: Public Domain unless otherwise stated John Smith Coat of Arms: Glasshouse using elements by Heralder, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Richard Croft / St.Helena's church

Listen ad-free and access the transcript here: ⁠https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/john-rolfe-the-hero-who-twice-saved⁠   This is the tale of the heroic John Rolfe, the English farmer and gentleman who saved the fledgling colony of Virginia not once, but twice. In this episode, we describe how Rolfe smuggled Orinoco tobacco into Virginia, and used his unique skills to learn how to cultivate it and save the broke colony from financial collapse. We then tell the true story of Rolfe's fairy tale-like marriage to Pocahontas, focusing on how the marriage created the colony-saving "Peace of Pocahontas" and how London Society in the Court of King James I viewed her with immense interest and respect.   We then turn to how John Rolfe died, discussing the 1622 Indian Massacre that he tried and failed to stop, but why his previous work to save the colony ensured the 1622 disaster wasn't enough to totally destroy it. In this episode, we also describe Rolfe's family background, the immense tragedy he suffered when the Sea Venture wrecked in Bermuda, Captain Argall's capture of Pocahontas at the cost of a kettle, Rolfe's Christian faith, and how Rolfe helped develop representative government in Virginia.   0:00 How John Rolfe Saved Virginia with Tobacco 3:41 Reviewing the Golden Age 3:57 Who Was John Rolfe? 8:10 Tragedy Strikes Rolfe 9:39 John Rolfe Saves Virginia by Cultivating Tobacco 15:21 How Tobacco Built Virginia 15:39 Rolfe Saves Virginia Again: The Peace of Pocahontas 17:22 The Capture of Pocahontas and the Anglo-Powhatan War 18:39 Pocahontas Meets John Rolfe 21:26 Pocahontas Becomes Beloved in England, and Dies 23:30 Rolfe Returns to Virginia, and Helps Create Representative Government 25:06 Rolfe Dies in the 1622 Indian Massacre 26:48 The Legacy of John Rolfe Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support my work at no cost to yourself, you can do so by ordering the sources I used for this episode using the links below Bruce, Philip Alexander: Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, https://amzn.to/437bho4  Dowdey, Clifford: The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/434EBeS  Willison, George F.: Behold Virginia: The Fifth Crown, https://amzn.to/4do9YG4  Bruce, Philip Alexander: Social Life of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century,  https://amzn.to/4tDRsQd  Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson: Virginia Under the Stuarts, 1607-1688, https://amzn.to/431VN4O  Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson: Planters of Colonial Virginia, https://amzn.to/4tyVARt  Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson: Patrician and Plebeian in Virginia, https://amzn.to/48ZgIcl  Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ua3bqY  Andrews, Matthew Page: The Soul of a Nation: The Founding Of Virginia and the Projection of New England, https://amzn.to/4d9Ut60  Bruce, Philip Alexander: The Virginia Plutarch, Vol I, https://amzn.to/437cAU0 

This is the story of Colonial Virginia in its fullest flowering. From its unique culture to its excellent people, from the glorious Georgian mansions for which it is still remembered to the political leaders its tobacco plantations produced, this is how the special society that grew out of the Virginia Tidewater turned into the cradle of the American Revolution. Particularly, we discuss why the Virginia gentry produced such excellent leaders as it did, and how the culture of leadership and command, when paired with the sense of dignity and refinement for which the classic Virginia Gentlemen were known, created most of America's greatest heroes and most important leaders. In this episode, we dive into both those leaders and what enabled them to be such. We uncover the importance of architecture to the Virginia gentry's social dominance, how leadership was built at the local level and cultivated from the ground up, how the political culture of Virginia's Golden Age produced the Founders, and how their reliance on depleted soil, London merchants, and British debt became a budding economic crisis for colonial Virginia. But, most of all, we discuss how the civil society of the Golden Age was refined and cultivated, and how that produced the men who led the Revolution and created the Early American Republic. Sources for the Episode I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks!  Sydnor, Charles S.: Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia: https://amzn.to/3R0ujKf  Isaac, Rhys: The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790: https://amzn.to/4dEcMiL  Evans, Emory G.: The "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680-1790: https://amzn.to/430Fmpi   Bruce, Philip Alexander: Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century: https://amzn.to/4eEocVF   Wertenbaker, Thomas J.: The Planters of Colonial Virginia, https://amzn.to/4uDFJ4Y  Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia, https://amzn.to/4ua3bqY  Dowdey, Clifford: The Golden Age: A Climate for Greatness, https://amzn.to/4wkvVi7  Stanard, Mary Newton: Colonial Virginia: Its People And Customs, https://amzn.to/4u5X2Mm  Wright, Louis B.: The First Gentlemen of Virginia, https://amzn.to/3PgaHRM  Bridenbaugh, Carl: Seat of Empire, https://amzn.to/42WMhQn  0:00 The Virginia Golden Age 2:51 The Refinement of Virginia and Creation of the Virginia Gentleman 4:39 How Architecture Supported the Gentry's Pre-Eminence 6:54 The Inheritors: How Merchants Became Gentlemen 10:20 Virginia Hospitality 11:49 How Plantations and Local Leadership Built the Great Virginia Statesmen 19:02 The House of Burgesses, The Training Ground of the Founders 23:48 The Dire Economic Reality In Colonial Virginia 28:43 How Virginia's Culture Was Refined 29:45 Liberty and Duty: Why the Founding Grew Out of Virginia 34:34 The Golden Age Fractures 38:26 The Sun Sets on Colonial Virginia, and Rises on a Republic They Built  

The Knights of the Golden Horseshoe: 12 Virginia Gentlemen who embarked upon the Transmontane Expedition with Governor Alexander Spotswood as he sought to open new lands to settlement, defeat the attempt of the French to box Virginia in, and bend the Topping People to his will. A romantic adventure story populated by frontier guides, swaggering Cavaliers, and a frolicking tavern of an expedition through primeval forests!   It is a riotous tale of high living on the frontier, from the travelling tavern that the expedition became known as with its many toasts and bottles of everything from claret to rum, to the great work these beknighted Virginians did in opening frontier lands for new settlement. It's a story of adventure and high living that explains why America became a continental empire.   Further, this is also the tale of Gov. Alexander Spotswood, the most influential Royal Governor of Virginia in the 18th century. This is the story of how a veteran of Marlborough's campaigns who was wounded at Blenheim, a consummate Cavalier dedicated to High Tory principles, bent the "haughty" ruling classes of Virginia to his will, and did so in such a way that they loved him for it and became all the wealthier and more powerful for it. So, listen in to hear how 12 gentlemen, 14 rangers, 4 Indian guides, a governor, and a bevy of dozens of servants and porters pierced the rocky veil of the Blue Ridge for the first time ever, and did so with goblets of rum in hand, one of the most romantic adventure stories of American history. I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support my work at no cost to yourself, you can do so by ordering the sources I used for this episode using the links below Sources Referenced in this Episode: Fontaine, John: The Journal of John Fontaine, 1710-1718 (Edited by Edward P. Alexander). Evans, Emory G.: The Topping People: The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Provincial Elite. Bruce, Philip Alexander: Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century. Isaac, Rhys: The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790. Morton, Richard L.: Colonial Virginia. Bruce, Philip Alexander: The Virginia Plutarch, Vol. I Dabney, Virginius: Virginia: The New Dominion

The Great Massacre of 1622 almost destroyed Virginia. Understanding that the ever-larger numbers of settlers and their accumulation of land would destroy his people and their way of life, Great Chief Opechancanough, the brother of Powhatan and uncle of Pocahontas, bands the Powhatan people together and launches a surprise attack on the English on the morning of March 22, 1622. A third of the colony is wiped out in the blink of an eye, its precarious prosperity is wiped away, and the outlying plantations are ravaged by treacherous natives who pose as friends of the unsuspecting settlers before striking down them and their families. Jamestown is saved by the bravery of an Indian boy named Chanco and a settler named Richard Pace who had taken him in, but only just, and the settlers respond with fury, launching the Third Anglo-Powhatan War. This is the full tale, and the story of how Virginia survived such treachery!   Timestamps: 0:00 The Indian Massacre of 1622 3:49 The Great Peace after John Rolfe Married Pocahontas 5:47 Opechancanough Plots the Destruction of the English 6:35 The Powhatan Launch the Great Good Friday Massacre of 1622 10:07 How Jamestown Survived the 1622 Massacre 10:54 The Aftermath of the 1622 Good Friday Massacre 12:44 The English Settlers Respond to the Powhatan with Total War 15:14 The Virginia Company Dies 17:04 Virginia is Born   Farmer at Colonial Williamsburg, Sarah Stierch, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons   Jamestown House, Hudson, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons   Berkeley Hundred First Thanksgiving, By Joe Orbin - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51846533   George Thorpe Coat of Arms, By Glasshouse - Crozier, William Armstrong. Virginia Heraldica. 1908; rpt. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1965, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=137116635   Thomas Gates Reaches Jamestown, Jna. P. Davis Sc (via Edward Eggleston) via Internet Archive Book Images, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons   Bennett's Plantation, Steveprutz, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons   Arrival at Jamestown, Drake, Francis S. (Francis Samuel), 1828-1885, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons   Henricus, Morgan Riley, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons   An Indian Warrior, W.H. Drake via via M.E. Thalheimer (Internet Archive Book Images), CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

In this episode, Will and Paul Fahrenheidt discuss Virginia's unique military culture. They begin with its origins in the British militia system and Indian fighting, then discuss how the mercantile backgrounds of the first families impacted it, and then discuss how it became a tremendous force that drove American military culture starting in the early 1800s. They further discuss how it can be glimpsed in the Mexican-American War and War Between the States, and how it lives on today. They also discuss the Cavaliers, the Scots-irish and Anglo-Normans, and in what capacities Virginians excelled as military men. Follow Paul on X here: https://x.com/cavkingpaul Find the Old Glory Club Substack here: https://oldgloryclub.substack.com/

This is the tale of Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion against Governor Sir William Berkeley, the long-ruling governor of Virginia who went from beloved Cavalier to despised despot. It is the story of how the engrossment of Virginia's lands by the Virginia gentry, the sub-penny trap in tobacco prices that drove the yeomen of the Old Dominion under, and the Indian attacks along the frontier that finally led to Bacon's Rebellion. Bacon's private campaign against the Susquehannock and the Occaneechi, the story of how Bacon got his commission, and why Bacon's Men burned Jamestown, is all covered, as is the story of Berkeley's revenge after Bacon died and his men were defeated. Finally, we describe how the Virginia of the Golden Age was born from the ashes of Bacon's rebellion, and how rising tobacco prices and the switch from indentured servants to an enslaved workforce stopped revolution from happening again.

Were the famed Virginia Cavaliers truly the architects of the Old Dominion, or are they merely a phantom of Southern chivalry's imagination? Did those proud and defiant Royalists, the "Distressed Cavaliers" of legend, ever actually flee to the Tidewater to escape the dreary tyranny of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, or is the "Cavalier" just a convenient myth—a mask worn by a merchant class in search of a noble pedigree? This episode resolves that perennial question.  We discuss the reality of the Cavalier-Puritan split in America—a conflict of visions rooted in an irreconcilable divide between the Tobacco Plantations of the Virginia Gentry and the Gospel of Labor. We explore the offer of Cavalier sanctuary provided by Governor Sir William Berkeley, and how Virginia culture became Cavalier culture. Most of all, we discuss the reality of the Second Sons myth of the First Families of Virginia, and if there really were nobles in America's Old Dominion, or at least their second sons. This is the foundational story of the Tidewater Gentry and the rise of the First Families of Virginia. It is the tale of how a tobacco plantation economy was transfigured into a colonial aristocracy, how the fires of the English Civil War were reignited in the New World, and how Virginia became the land of the Cavaliers. 0:00 The Cavalier of Virginia: Man or Myth? 3:47 The English Civil War Comes to Virginia 5:59 Why Virginia Remained Cavalier 7:10: What the Conflict Between Puritan and Cavalier was All About 10:50 Were There Puritans in the Tidewater? 11:23 Puritan Levellers and Diggers Chase the Cavaliers Out of England 12:27 The Three Stages of Cavalier Migration to Virginia 17:21 The Cavaliers Define the Virginia Gentry 19:07 Governor Berkeley Invites the Cavaliers and Creates a Ruling Class 23:09 The Importance of the Anglican Church of Virginia 25:47 Virginia's Cavalier Ruling Class Has Formed 26:46 Was the Virginia Cavalier Real? Richard of Jamestown, Internet Archive Book Images, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons Astley Bernard, Unknown artistUnknown artist, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Rev. Hunt Reads, Internet Archive Book Images, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons Pilgrim Fairmount, Internet Archive Book Images, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons Westover Plantation, Internet Archive Book Images, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons Berkeley, D.H. Maury (via Internet Archive Book Images), CC0, via Wikimedia Commons Church of All Saints, Lewis Hulbert, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Berkely, John Philip Davis via Frank X. Sadlier (via Internet Archive Book Images), CC0, via Wikimedia Commons Jamestonwn Church, Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Colonial Williamsburg, Harvey Barrison from Massapequa, NY, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Colonial Williamsburg Parish Church, Carolyn from Pemberton Township, NJ, USA, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Colonial Williamsburg, Mobilus In Mobili, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Settlers, Frank X. Sadlier (via Internet Archive Book Images), CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

How did NASA boldly advance the Apollo Program over the course of a decade to accomplish the greatest feat of mankind: the landing of humans on the Moon and their safe return to Earth? In this episode, Will sits down with Charles Murray—renowned author of The Bell Curve and Coming Apart—to discuss a lifelong passion project: the Apollo Program. While many focus on the astronauts, Murray's book, Apollo: The Race to the Moon, tells the story of the engineers, the mission controllers, and the institutional genius that made the impossible a reality. What We Discuss: The Cold War Background: How the Bay of Pigs Disaster led to President Kennedy deciding to set the Moon as a benchmark of Space Race victory, and why he chose it, along with whether the Soviet space program was really that far ahead of America's. They cover Von Braun and the Germans at the Marshall Space Center, the incredible story of the NASA Langley Research Center. The Engineering Talent Pool: How the mid-century U.S. produced an unprecedented concentration of technical brilliance, and how many of Apollo's engineers came from backgrounds other than what one might expect. The Saturn V & The Lunar Module: Examining the "otherworldly" engineering and the sheer scale of the incredibly advanced spacecraft and rockets. Saving the Mission: How a handful of personnel in Mission Control made split-second decisions that saved the program from disaster, and how courageous decisions made by  NASA leaders over the decade ensured Kennedy's pledge was fulfilled. The SpaceX Connection: Why Elon Musk is the true heir to the Apollo legacy and how SpaceX mirrors the NASA of the 1960s. The Future of Human Achievement: What missions today could inspire the same civilizational impact as the moon landings. About the Guest: Charles Murray is a Hayek Emeritus Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. While widely known for his sociological work, his history of the Apollo program is considered a definitive look at the technical and organizational triumphs of the Space Race.     Get Charles Murray's book about Apollo here: ⁠Apollo: The Race to the Moon⁠   See his other books here: ⁠Charles Murray's books⁠   Find his other work here: ⁠Charles Murray AEI⁠   Note: I am an Amazon affiliate. Using the above Amazon links to Mr. Murray's books is a way of supporting my work at no cost to yourself.

his is the tale of how tobacco created the plantations in Virginia for which the Old Dominion is known, and how those plantations entrenched and solidified the power of the famous "Topping People" of Virginia, those First Families of Virginia and Virginia Gentry who ruled the state for decades. It is a tale of indentured servants in colonial Virginia and slave labor workforces on vast Virginia plantations. It is a tale of the Navigation Acts, of soil exhaustion, of Starving Times in Jamestown and dying gentlemen in their starched, ruffled shirts. This is the story of Virginia's shift, brought about thanks to John Rolfe of Pocahontas fame, from the blighted land  Captain John Smith and Gov. George Percy knew, to that flourishing and flowering Old Virginia of Robert "King" Carter, Thomas Lee, and the others of Virginia's Golden Age. But most of all, this is the tale of tobacco and plantations in Virginia, and why they developed as they did.

In this episode, Will and Richard Easton, a historian of GPS and son of one of the inventors of GPS, discuss the history of the Space Race and Apollo missions. They go over the impetus for Eisenhower committing America to launching a satellite, the reasons for the Gemini and Mercury missions, why Kennedy settled on the moon mission, and how the Apollo program progressed. They discuss the technical advancements required to make Apollo happen, the characters and competence of the men involved, the scientific legacy of Apollo, and why the missions were ended. They discuss also why space exploration slowed to a crawl after Apollo 17, the challenges NASA faces, and the incredible technical competence shown by SpaceX, along with GPS and Richard's book about its history. Note: the Apollo 16 CapCom whose name Richard could not remember is Charlie Duke Get Richard's Book here: GPS Declassified: From Smart Bombs to Smartphones Get Michael Collins's Book here: Carrying the Fire Get Charles Murray's book about Apollo here: Apollo: The Race to the Moon

In this concluding video on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Will discusses what the legacy of these two great explorers is. He comments on their discovery that the Northwest Passage was a figment of the imagination, but how they nevertheless sparked a massive fur trade rush. He tells how Clark mapped the West with incredible accuracy and created a resource used for decades, how their careful cataloguing and preservation of natural specimens was an immense scientific accomplishment, and how they discovered and documented much of the West's incredible species and beauty. He also discusses the death of Meriwether Lewis, and how Lewis's incomprehensible failure to publish the Lewis and Clark Journals led to many of their greatest scientific accomplishments going unrecorded for almost a century.

In this episode, Will and Gregory Treat, an attorney who helps families plan for multiple generations into the future. They discuss Great Houses—families that build a multi-generational legacy and use it to influence and lead their polities—and how such a concept is relevant today. They discuss democratic vs. aristocratic technologies, the mindset behind Great Houses, whether the form of wealth matters, some examples of Great Houses acting for the best in American life, and how technological change could lead to a very different world…that will likely still rely on Great Houses. Find Gregory Treat on Substack here: ⁠Gregory Treat⁠ Listen to His Great Houses episodes here: ⁠https://greathouses.forum/⁠ Check out his consulting here: ⁠https://avaloncircle.com/⁠ Read Will's thoughts on this here: ⁠https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/all-elites-are-not-created-equal⁠

The Corps of Discovery's Permanent Party makes it back to St. Louis in this episode, finishing the grand march across a continent and back on which it set out two years prior. This is the tale of how the Lewis and Clark Expedition made it back from Fort Clatsop to St. Louis in one travel season. It's the story of fighting up rivers, marching through the Bitterroot Mountains in a heavy season of snow, splitting the party up despite the immense risks so that the Marias River and Yellowstone River Valley could be explored as the party filled in the map and looked for commercial opportunity, and how the party split with Sacagawea when they returned to the Mandans.   This is also the story of Pompey's Tower, of a desperate fight with the Blackfeet Indians, of the discovery that the Northwest Passage was truly non-existent, of the wisdom of the Nez Perce Indians, of the first mountain man—a veteran of the Permanent Party, and of the tragic fate Lewis met with after an immensely successful journey

Emerging from the skeletal hunger and crushing snows of the Bitterroot Range and its Lolo Trail, the Lewis and Clark Expedition finally reaches the waters that will lead them to the Pacific. But the Permanent Party explorers in the Corps of Discovery quickly realize that their mountain ordeal was merely a prelude to further terrible ordeals to follow. This critical chapter captures the moment they commit themselves to the unyielding, ferocious whitewater of the great river descent, forced to navigate dangerous cascades in cumbersome, hand-carved dugout canoes. As the snow-dusted, jagged peaks from their past loom in the background, they are thrust into a relentless battle against a watery labyrinth that threatens to swallow the dreams of an "Empire of Liberty" whole. This is the tale of how the Lewis and Clark Expedition reached the Pacific. It is a tale of crushing snow and frigid temperatures in the Bitterroot Mountains, high-stakes negotiations with the Nez Perce, shooting the dangerous rapids after making dugout canoes, and a winter of misery spent at Fort Clatsop amongst the Clatsop Indians in steady rain. It is a tale of courage, of triumph over insurmountable odds, and of incredible leadership in the face of immense danger

In this episode, Will and Rowdy Yates discuss the two premier novels of American journalist and author Tom Wolfe—The Bonfire of the Vanities and A Man In Full. They discuss what Wolfe says about America and the men within it through the lens of the novels, from the decayed "moral tone," as Wolfe put it, of cosmopolitan cities in the New South like Atlanta to the nature of class and wealth in America. They discuss everything from the mess that is Atlanta to Wolfe's genius as an author, along with some of their favorite "laugh out loud funny" moments and characters in each novel. Further, they discuss how Wolfe portrays the Civil Rights grifters, new money, old money, and men who are out of place in a cosmopolitan world. Get A Man in Full here Get Bonfire of the Vanities here

What happens when the dream of an Empire meets the reality of a vertical wall of granite? In this episode, we follow the Corps of Discovery as they "step off the map" and enter the truly uncharted West. The journey becomes a high-stakes survival epic, beginning with the White Pirogue disaster, where Sacagawea's calm resolve saves the mission's intellectual legacy from the bottom of the Missouri. We witness the "rude awakening" of the American frontiersmen as they encounter the Beast of the Plains—the Grizzly Bear. From the near-fatal "Espontoon Incident" to the harrowing 18-mile portage around the Great Falls, this was the month that forged the "Permanent Party" into an ironclad force hardened by cactus-shredded feet and hailstorms the size of apples. The expedition reaches its breaking point at the Continental Divide, where Meriwether Lewis discovers that the "Northwest Passage" is a myth, leaving the expedition staring in the face of a labyrinth of snow-capped peaks. Just as starvation and defeat seem inevitable, the mission is saved by a miraculous reunion so improbable it would be dismissed as fiction. This is the moment Sacagawea recognizes the Shoshone Chief as her long-lost brother, Chief Cameahwait, turning a potential massacre into a diplomatic triumph. This is more than a trek; it is a masterclass in leadership at the edge of the world. Subscribe to The Old World as we detail the turning point of American history and the moment Jefferson's Empire of Liberty finally found its path across a continent and to the Pacific.

This is the tale of how Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led the Corps of Discovery out of Camp Dubois and up the Missouri River, sailing, rowing and pushing a keelboat against the current and into history. It's the story of their standoff with the Teton Lakota, their need for nine pounds of meat per man per day to make up for the caloric expenditure of the expedition, and of their time with the incredible Mandan Indians. It is a romantic story of adventure, an excruciating story of hard work on a merciless frontier, and an exciting tale of perseverance in the face of immense danger and terrible odds.   This is also the tale of how the Corps of Discovery was hammered into being an effective unit with the lash, the tragic death of Sgt. Charles Floyd, and how the ingenuity of one blacksmith kept the men alive through a freezing and starving winter. This is the tale of the Corps of Discovery as it began the march that constituted its American Epic.

In this episode, Will and Donald Maclean, whose family moved to South Africa and spent a good bit of time in Rhodesia before its fall to Mugabe, discuss what life was like in Rhodesia and South Africa before they fell to Mugabe and Mandela, respectively. They begin by describing the First World nature of South Africa in the 1970s. They then describe life in Rhodesia over the 1970s, with a focus on the unique Rhodesian spirit and culture, particularly the polished nature of Rhodesian society and how they defeated sanctions. They then discuss what life was like in South Africa for its waning days, with a focus on Donald's military service in the Angolan Border War in support of 32 Battalion, and the essentially evil nature of Nelson Mandela. They discuss the reality of apartheid, Mandela's many crimes, and the utter destruction of South Africa under his rule.

This is the tale of how Captain Meriwether Lewis forged the Corps of Discovery and prepared for the grand expedition he and William Clark led across the American West to explore the Louisiana Purchase. It is a tale of studying the natural world with President Thomas Jefferson in Monticello, studying everything from naturalism to medicine in the salons and parlors of Philadelphia, painstakingly selecting the perfect equipment—including his famous lead powder cannisters and variation of the Model 1792 Rifle—and then selecting William Clark as his co-captain.   This is also the tale of whom Lewis and Clark selected for the Corps of Discovery, primarily in terms of what characteristics they selected for when choosing their companions.  From the special talents of some of the bold adventurers to the general skills needed for exploring the frontier, this is the tale of how they were selected so that Jefferson's vision of exploring the route to the Pacific could be fullfilled

This is the story of the Corps of Discovery, the famous Meriwether Lewis and William Clark-led American Army expedition to explore and map a route across the American continent and to the Pacific Ocean. In this episode, Will tells the tale of why President Thomas Jefferson dreamed of exploring and settling the American West, who Lewis and Clark were, why Jefferson chose Lewis to lead the Corps of Discovery, and how the Virginia backgrounds of all three men shaped their outlook of the American West and the expedition itself. Will also describes how Jefferson managed to get the funding for the expedition through a skeptical Congress, how the Louisiana Purchase changed the expedition in a major way, and how the travels of Scottish-born British adventurer Alexander Mackenzie impelled Jefferson and Lewis, then an Army officer and fellow Virginia Piedmont tobacco planter serving as his secretary in the White House, to act quickly.

This is the story of Vyner Brooke, the Third and Last White Rajah of Sarawak. In this episode of the Old World, Will tells the tale of how Vyner Brooke lost the Raj of Sarawak primarily due to the Japanese invasion of Borneo to take the Miri oil fields he controlled at the beginning of World War II, and his own feeling that he was an anachronism and democracy was coming. In this episode, we tell the tale of what life was like in wartime Sarawak, how the Japanese invasion went, Vyner's refusal to stand and fight the Imperial Japanese from the deep jungles of Sarawak, how the Dayaks resisted the Japanese occupiers, and how the destruction of the Miri oil fields and Kuching left Sarawak destroyed. We then show why Vyner decided to give it up to become the Crown Colony of Sarawak, and how that sparked a familial war between him and the Rajah Muda that ended in tragedy. Finally, we show how the Brooke legacy has been kept alive, including in Sarawak, where they remain beloved.

This is the story of Vyner Brooke, the Third and Last White Rajah of Sarawak. In this episode of the Old World, Will tells the tale of how different Vyner was from the Second White Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Brooke, and how Vyner managed to inherit his splendorous kingdom despite his father's dislike of him. it is a tale of intrigue, deadly jungle expeditions, and high-stakes diplomacy. From there, we tell the tale of how Vyner Brooke turned Sarawak into what Sir James Brooke always knew it could be. The oil fields of Miri, famous pepper fields of Sarawak's hills, Borneo Company Limited-run gold and antimony mines, and much more drive Sarawak's success and turn it into a thriving commercial colony. We also show how Vyner used clever infrastructure developments, such as rail, radio, and port investment, to make Sarawak more prosperous than it had ever been, just before the disaster that ended the White Rajahs struck.

In this episode, Will and Dan Lyman discuss the present state of South Africanization in America, and whether things are getting worse or better. They describe the border situation, how Trump is doing with deportations, law and order in American cities, and much else!   Find Dan on X here: https://x.com/realdanlyman   Find Border Hawk here: https://t.co/EZrGo8qZNb   Check out Will's new YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@realTheOldWorldShow

he story of Charles Brooke, the Second White Rajah of Sarawak, resumes in this episode. Picking up with the passing of his uncle, Sir James Brooke, the first White Rajah of Sarawak, in 1868, we tell the great colonial adventure tale of how Charles Brooke massively expanded the Raj of Sarawak across much of Borneo. This is the tale of how Charles fulfilled his uncle's dream of making Sarawak not just safe and stable for the natives or romantic for European adventurers, but also prosperous and well-developed. This is a tale not just of defeated pirates and headhunters in teh steamy jungles of Borneo, nor just of gunboat diplomacy when facing off with the Sultan of Brunei, but of smart diplomatic moves and stead colonial expansion. It's the story of how Charles outfoxed the British North Borneo Corporation, how he expanded his personal empire, and what smart moves he made to develop Sarawak with modern infrastructure.   Finally, we tell the sad and sorry story of Charles Brooke's personal life, such as his marriage to the Ranee of Sarawak, Margaret, and the death of their children in Suez.

Dive into the legend of Sir Charles Brooke, the Second White Rajah of Sarawak, and the tales of his daring battles against Iban pirates and Kongsi Chinese rebels in Sarawak's deepest, darkest jungles, and the burned city of Kuching! This is the history of Sir Charles Brooke, the Second White Rajah of Sarawak, from the time of his arrival in Sarawak as a young officer in his uncle's Raj, and how he became the key figure on whom Sir James Brooke consistently relied. It's an exciting tale of how Charles defeated Rentap the Iban pirate king in his Mount Sadok fortress, how he saved the Raj in its darkest hour, and how he became the second Rajah of Sarawak, instead of  his brother, Brooke Brooke.   Subscribe for more colonial history and adventure stories! Make sure to like the video if you love adventure tales. Don't forget to comment your favorite historical figure below, so I can add him to the lineup!

The White Rajah's saga concludes as we follow Sir James Brooke first into the heart of Sarawak's jungle as he fights Rentap, the last pirate king of Sarawak, in a massive jungle battle. We then turn to the city of Kuching tell the tale of how the Chinese Kongsi Rebellion of 1857 almost ended the White Raj of Sarawak for good when they sacked Kuching and destroyed the Rajah's Astana palace, with Sir James just barely escaping into the Sarawak River in his pyjamas, but was saved at the last moment by the stern bravery of Charles Brooke and the fortitious arrival of a key piece of naval technology. From the muddy waters of Sarawak's pirate and rebel-infested rivers, we then turn back to England, where Sir James finds peace and cool in retirement as his state is rebuilt thanks to the kind efforts of Baroness Angela Burdett-Coutts, the beautiful heiress Sir James could have, but didn't, marry. We end with a brief summary of his life and accomplishments, preparing to turn to the second rajah.

In this episode, Will and Warren Steury discuss the history and importance of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. They discuss its historical background, the preparation phase, the course of the expedition, and remarkable incidents that occurred during it, as well as the character of Meriwether Lewis. They also discuss the death of Lewis, his failure to publish the journals, and the legacy of the expedition.   Note: The Sergeant mentioned by Warren was Sgt. Charles Floyd, not Sgt. George Floyd.   Find Warren on X here: https://x.com/NWSteury   Check out his Meriwether Academy here: https://meriwetheracademy.com/   Check Will's new YouTube show out here: James Brooke

In this episode, Will and Roman Cabanac, a South African, discuss the reality of life in a South Africanizing world. They discuss the complex political situation in South Africa, what the crime and infrastructure situation is like, how to deal with such a world, and how to succeed despite the race communism. They also discuss what Westerners can learn from South Africa's experience.   Find Roman on X here: https://x.com/RomanCabanac   Check Will's new YouTube show out here: James Brooke   And read his thoughts about South Africanization here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/how-south-africans-defend-their-lives

In this episode of The Old World, Will tells the history of Sir James Brooke, the first White Rajah of Sarawak, from the time of his birth in the glorious Raj of the East India Company to his privately funded and high-stakes battle against poison blow-dart-wielding headhunters in the steaming jungles of Borneo to become a Rajah, a feat never equalled by any other European. It's an exciting tale of stormed barricades, gunboat diplomacy with a private yacht, and bravery in the face of immense adversity. Read more about James here: ⁠https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-white-rajahs-of-sarawak-part ⁠ Follow us on Instagram here: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/theoldworldshow/⁠   All pictures are public domain from Wikimedia Commons, except the following:    Map of the British East India Company Dominions:  Moll, Herman, -1732, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons   First image of the First Anglo-Burmese War: Myanmar's Defence Services Museum, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons   Datu Patinggi Ali picture: Alena Murang, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons   Image of Dayak with dart gun: AnonymousUnknown author, CC BY 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons   Picture of the jungle: Internet Archive Book Images, No restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons   Last picture, of the house in Kuching credit: Frank S. Marryat, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

In this episode, Will and Zoomer Historian do a deep dive into Rhodesian and British imperial history. They discuss how Rhodesia became the land of excellence it was, what sort of men the Rhodesians were, and whether Cecil Rhodes was a great man or great villain. They also comment on whether the British Empire should be viewed positively or negatively by the right, how a shift in post-war ideology shaped Rhodesia's downfall and the Empire's collapse, and what hope there is for modern Britain.   Check out Zoomer's Substack here: https://zoomerhistorian.substack.com/   Find him on X here: https://x.com/zoomerhistorian   Read Will's thoughts on the book by Peter Baxter they reference here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/a-general-history-of-rhodesia

In this episode, Will and Jonas discuss the history of Rhodesia, focusing on how it created a new people out of the unique conditions it found in Africa, and how a change in the Western ideology doomed it. The comment on Sweden's role in destroying colonial Africa, the ideology of decolonization, Orania, South Africa, and what we in the West can learn from Rhodesia's fall.   Check out Jonas's article on Rhodesia here: https://jonasnilssonen.substack.com/p/what-rhodesia-teaches-us-about-our   Get his book on Orania here: Orania: Building a Nation   Get his book on migration here: When Migration Becomes Conflict: Political Group Dynamics

In this episode, Will and Richard discuss the plague of spite-driven decline through the lens of Richard's fabulous novel, Lost Causes. They discuss Rhodesia, the decay of Britain, the slovenliness of society, and how all of the societal disasters we see around us stem from the same source. They also comment on the Confederacy, Jamaica, and how the IRA became a leftist parody of itself.   Get Richard's book here: Lost Causes   Find Richard on X here: https://x.com/NicholsAuthor

In this episode, Will and Mortiz discuss the failing institutions in America, the problems lurking across much of the West, and how he is helping combat it by teaching men to be Modern Minutemen. They discuss what that means, what civic actions it can translate into, the importance of language, and how teach and use statecraft to our advantage   Find Moritz on Substack here: https://substack.com/@moritzbierling   Check out his Modern Minuteman project here: https://modernminuteman.net/

In this episode, Will and Voodoo discuss the history of the Rhodesian Bush War and how strategic mistakes turned a successful tactical effort into a lost war. They discuss the three main stages of the war, how Rhodesian tactics developed throughout, and why the Rhodesians ultimately lost despite winning every battle. They also discuss what Rhodesia's weaknesses were, when the war could have been won, and how missed opportunities led to their ultimate defeat.   Find Voodoo on X here: https://x.com/6Voodoo   Get his book here: Blood Memory   Read about the CIA's involvement in Rhodesia's defeat here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-cia-knew-rhodesia-was-fighting