GPH 91: Ethnicity and Race

Ethnicity and race are powerful social determinants of health. While race has no biological basis as a rigid genetic category, it has profound social consequences. Structural racism, historical marginalisation, migration patterns, socioeconomic inequality, and differential access to services shape health risks and outcomes across populations.This chapter explores how health disparities arise across ethnic groups, including variations in chronic disease burden, maternal outcomes, infectious diseases, mental health, and access to care. It considers the impact of discrimination, social exclusion, occupational stratification, and neighbourhood segregation.The chapter emphasises that disparities are not inherent to ethnicity itself, but reflect social conditions, policy environments, and unequal power structures. Public health must address structural inequity rather than attribute differences to biology alone.Key Takeaways* Race is a social construct with significant health consequences.* Structural racism contributes to disparities in morbidity and mortality.* Socioeconomic inequality and discrimination shape exposure and access.* Ethnic minority populations often face barriers to healthcare services.* Cultural competence and inclusive policy are essential to health equity.* Migration and identity intersect with health risk and resilience.* Addressing ethnic health disparities requires structural reform. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit drmanaankarray.substack.com/subscribe