Lancet : January 2026 Mortality and long-term exposure to source-specific PM2·5: evidence from a national cohort study in China

This research investigates how long-term exposure to fine particulate matter from different origins impacts death rates across mainland China. By tracking a diverse group of nearly 97,000 adults over a decade, the study demonstrates that air pollution is not a monolith, as toxins from industrial, residential, and transportation sectors show the strongest links to non-accidental and cardiopulmonary deaths. Notably, the findings highlight that while almost all human-made particles are dangerous, agricultural and industrial emissions are particularly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Ultimately, the authors argue that understanding these source-specific health risks is essential for governments to design more precise and effective clean air policies