American Tales with Dustin Bass

The Dutch began their colony 400 years ago, but it would not last long. While other imperial powers accumulated colonies, the Dutch found power through a different method, and it was one that would greatly assist the new country of America. The incidental arrival of one statesman ensured the United States received what it needed, while also establishing a first for the nation.Recommended reading: Papers of John Adams: Volume 13 - May to October 1782Cited sources:Date of recognition - https://history.state.gov/countries/netherlands#:~:text=Dutch%20Recognition%20of%20U.S.%20Independence,Adams%20on%20April%2019%2C%201782.Brief on Adams - https://nl.usembassy.gov/embassy-consulate/the-hague/history/Adams and Dutch - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/john-adams-was-united-states-first-ambassador-well-its-second-president-180962891/Dutch colony - https://www.nps.gov/mava/learn/historyculture/new-netherland.htm#:~:text=The%20first%2031%20families%20arrived,Amsterdam%E2%80%9D%20began%20to%20be%20formed.Adams revisits Netherlands 1786 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-18-02-0228 The Adams in Dutch Republic - https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/en/dutch-american-stories-johnny-goes-dutchAdams Hague info - https://www.masshist.org/publications/adams-papers/index.php/view/ADMS-01-03-01-0005Early Dutch - https://academic.oup.com/book/11024/chapter-abstract/159364830?redirectedFrom=fulltextAmsterdam finance capital - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/financial-history-review/article/abs/amsterdam-and-london-as-financial-centers-in-the-eighteenth-century1/8B23F8D271B1BCD05594064523600E85Dutch in the Am Revolution - https://blog.dar.org/dutch-influence#:~:text=On%20May%2017%2C%20Adams%20secured,million%20guilders%2C%20or%20%2412%20million.Dutch in the Am Rev - https://www.amrevmuseum.org/the-netherlands-and-the-american-revolution80 Years War - https://historischmuseumdenbriel.nl/en/collection/stories/eighty-years-war/Dutch Republic map - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/dutch-navy-of-the-seventeenth-and-eighteenth-centuries/map-of-the-dutch-republic/623E8313B8AC2DF0C9D67841F2775B7FNew Amsterdam surrender - https://www.mcny.org/petrus-stuyvesantRichard Nicoll - https://history.nycourts.gov/figure/richard-nicoll/Adams diplomacy - https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/adams-diplomatic-missions/Treaty of Alliance - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-alliance-with-france#:~:text=According%20to%20this%20first%20military,behalf%20of%20the%20American%20Colonies.Adams influence - https://www.mass.gov/guides/john-adams-architect-of-american-governmentCharles Gravier - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/charles-gravierAdams appointed Dutch minister - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-10-02-0258Proposed Treaty of Amity and Commerce - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-10-02-0260

As Alexander Graham Bell’s company continues to grow, its research and development division continues to draw scientists from around the country to innovate and invent. One young optical physicist has an idea that will transform the way the world communicates. A high-profile American is selected to demonstrate history altering technology.Recommended reading: The Columbia History of American Television by Gary R. EdgertonCited sources:Phone patent - https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-telephone-invention Phone patent - https://www.marquette.edu/news-center/2020/marquette-professor-settles-144-year-controversy-on-invention-of-the-telephone.phpPhone patent image - https://www.docsteach.org/activities/teacher/patent-analysis-alexander-graham-bells-telephone Patent SCOTUS - https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/128/315/Centennial Exhibition - https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/history-making-event-west-philadelphiaHerbert Ives - https://www.bairdtelevision.com/Ives.htmlHerbert Ives - http://waywiser.rc.fas.harvard.edu/people/9098/herbert-eugene-ives;jsessionid=77D7B248F7CA3DB32C275AA48BCF3219Ives bio - https://www.optica.org/history/biographies/bios/herbert-e--ives/ Bell Labs - https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-022-00426-6Bell Labs - http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/research/published/bell.pdf TV History - https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~pjs54/Teaching/AutomaticLifestyle-S02/Projects/Vlku/history.htmlTV demo - https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2015/today-in-media-history-in-1927-newspapers-introduced-television/TV demo - https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/22/hoover-made-speech-on-television-in-1927.htmlTV demo - https://www.edn.com/hoover-joins-1st-american-demo-of-long-distance-tv-april-7-1927/TV demo - https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=3986 Hoover as comm sec - https://library.doc.gov/digital-exhibits/hoover-digital-exhibit/aviationAir Commerce Act - https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/about/history/people/First_AGC1.pdfATT History - https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/att.htmlHalftone - https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/pre-separated-art/press-halftoneIves Airplane Photography book - https://www.gutenberg.org/files/53508/53508-h/53508-h.htmWestern Electric history - https://www.westernelectric.com/company-historyTelephotography example - https://www.amazon.com/HistoricalFindings-Photo-Herbert-telephotograph-Explain/dp/B0844RWFZ3

Immediately after the Revolution, America makes its first trade agreement in Asia with China. Attempting to do the same with the closed country of Japan looks to be impossible. A timely opportunity and the right naval officer enables America to do what no other western power could.Recommended reading: Narrative of the Expedition to the China Seas and Japan by Commodore Matthew PerryCited sources:Opening Japan - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/opening-to-japan#:~:text=The%20Japanese%20grudgingly%20agreed%20to,American%20ships%3A%20Shimoda%20and%20Hakodate.Opening Japan - https://www.jstor.org/stable/30209385Sakoku - http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/tokugawa_edicts_foreigners.pdfSakoku - https://users.wfu.edu/watts/w03_Japancl.html Christianity in Japan - https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/christianitys-bloody-history-japan Christianity in Japan - https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00597/a-timeline-of-christianity-in-japan.html Trade with China - https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/history-of-the-u-s-and-china/Perry bio - https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/research-guides/z-files/zb-files/zb-files-p/perry-matthew-c.htmlPerry bio - https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/education/educational-resources/to-the-ends-of-the-earth/commodore-perry-and-japan/biography--matthew-calbraith-perry.htmlPerry bio - https://library.brown.edu/cds/perry/people_Perry.htmlHideyoshi - https://www.worldhistory.org/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi/Warring States - https://www.worldhistory.org/Sengoku_Period/David Conner - https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/us-people/c/conner-david.htmlMail ships - https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1939/september/navy-and-first-u-s-ocean-mail-shipsJohn Aulick - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/aulick-john-h-ca-1791-1873/Webster quote and other islands - https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1952/march/commodore-perry-and-bonin-islandsTreaty of Kanagawa - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/treaty-of-kanagawa#:~:text=On%20March%2031%2C%201854%2C%20the,forbidding%20commerce%20with%20foreign%20nations

Differing political philosophies instigated the American Revolution, but after defeating the British, new, yet familiar philosophies butted heads. As Federalists and Antifederalists faced off in literary and verbal spars, a most important Founding Father switched sides. The ongoing political conflicts would soon result in one of the most controversial and enduring political maneuvers in American history.Recommended reading: Gerrymandering in America: The House of Representatives, the Supreme Court, and the Future of Popular Sovereignty by Cambridge University Press. Cartoon - ⁠https://www.si.edu/object/cartoon-gerry-mander-1813%3Anmah_509530⁠Brief history - ⁠https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/gerrymandering-explained?ceid=%7B%7BContactsEmailID%7D%7D&emci=946d3453-90d5-ed11-8e8b-00224832eb73&emdi=ea000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001&utm_medium=PANTHEON_STRIPPED⁠Elbridge Gerry - ⁠https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2018/06/21/the-gerry-in-gerrymandering/⁠Gerry bio - ⁠https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/spring/gerry.html⁠ Short Gerry bio - ⁠https://www.nga.org/governor/elbridge-gerry/⁠ First gerrymander - ⁠https://www.jstor.org/stable/23546676?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents⁠Redistricting reform act - ⁠https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2670⁠Madison timeline - ⁠https://www.loc.gov/collections/james-madison-papers/articles-and-essays/james-madison-timeline-1751-to-1836/1784-to-1807/⁠Washington gallows quote - ⁠https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/political-writings-of-george-washington/to-joseph-reed-president-of-the-supreme-executive-council-of-pennsylvania-december-12-1778-excerpt/07E587064BF8A503DB32AD985D1F8BAA⁠Brutus - ⁠https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/historic-document-library/detail/brutus-essay-no-1#:~:text=%E2%80%9CBrutus%E2%80%9D%20was%20the%20pseudonym%20for,a%20New%20York%20state%20judge⁠. Antifederalist essays - ⁠https://history.nycourts.gov/about_period/antifederalist-papers/⁠ 89-79 vote on pg 5 (785) - ⁠https://www.jstor.org/stable/23546676?read-now=1&seq=5⁠New York Convention - ⁠https://archive.csac.history.wisc.edu/ny_ratifies_the_constitution.pdf⁠Bill of Rights - ⁠https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights/how-did-it-happen#:~:text=Introducing%20the%20Bill%20of%20Rights%20in%20the%20First%20Congress&text=But%20James%20Madison%2C%20once%20the,relentlessly%E2%80%9D%20to%20secure%20its%20passage⁠. Signers of Const - ⁠https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-constitution/#:~:text=On%20September%2017%2C%201787%2C%2039,slavery%20and%20the%20slave%20trade⁠.Unanimous rejection - ⁠https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/demand-for-a-bill-of-rights.html#:~:text=In%20the%20final%20days%20of%20the%20Constitutional%20Convention%2C%20as%20delegates,little%20debate%2C%20the%20proposal%20was⁠ Mass 187-167 - ⁠https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/spring/gerry.html⁠Madison first election - ⁠https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-11-02-0219⁠ Madison to antifederalist voter - ⁠https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-11-02-0297⁠Federalist resurgence - ⁠https://www.jstor.org/stable/24768844?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents⁠Gerrymander - ⁠https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2017/02/elbridge-gerry-and-the-monstrous-gerrymander/⁠Patrick Henry short - ⁠https://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/political/patrick_henry.htm⁠Virginia ratifying convention - ⁠https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/oc/stc/entries/virginia-ratifying-convention-journal-june-25-1788#:~:text=This%20broadside%20published%20Virginia's%20decision,of%20America%20to%20do%20so⁠.Madison as Secretary - ⁠https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/madison-james⁠

On a Monday morning in 1831, it is discovered that approximately $245,000 is missing from the City Bank of New York. In a city without a police force, a Manhattan constable takes on a brilliantly executed bank heist conducted by professional thieves who escaped from Australia’s penal colony.Recommended reading: The Irresistible Invitation of High Constable Jacob Hays by Patrick BringleyMost info - https://books.google.com/books?id=M_0-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=1831+city+bank+of+new+york+robbery&source=bl&ots=SZj-BeYLq9&sig=ACfU3U0Q1UKvPZOmCGWRfi694hV3UGR0_g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjm3dT57eyEAxWbOkQIHU_-D2Q4FBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=1831%20city%20bank%20of%20new%20york%20robbery&f=falseGood info - https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta9LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29&lpg=PT29&dq=1831+city+bank+of+new+york+robbery&source=bl&ots=Im5GjHMCl7&sig=ACfU3U123EMNQLWzlzMCJCyNBrmpYjlL7w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRxvWv5-yEAxW7IEQIHchLDIA4FBDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=1831%20city%20bank%20of%20new%20york%20robbery&f=falseFirst robbery - https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/fast_facts/1830_fast_facts.htmlRobbery Info - https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2013/03/first-bank-robbery-in-united-states/Robbery info - https://books.google.com/books?id=ytwsCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Edward+Smith%22+%22City+Bank%22&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q=%22Edward%20Smith%22%20%22City%20Bank%22&f=falseJacob Hays - https://www.nyc.gov/site/nypd/news/f0517/old-hays-his-descendants-legacy-the-last-high-constable-new-york-city#/0NY’s first real detective - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1932/04/23/old-haysDetective method - https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/new-yorkers-31-remarkable-peopleHays bio - https://loebjewishportraits.com/biography/jacob-hays-2/Hays bio - http://famousamericans.net/jacobhays/First Fleet - https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/first-fleet-sets-sail-australia/

As the American Revolution nears its end, the question of compensation for the Continental Army remains in question. Strongly worded demands to Congress and mutinies regiments spell potential disaster. While peace negotiations are underway, a conspiracy among the officers unfolds. Only one man can stop it.Recommended reading: A Crisis of Peace by David HeadCited sources:The Continentalist - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-02-02-1186AOC and ratification - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/articlesNewburgh conspiracy - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/newburgh-conspiracyNewburgh conspiracy - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/newburgh-conspiracy/1781 mutinies - https://dcssar.org/resources/Documents/Publications/THE%20MUTINIES%20OF%201781.pdfPenn Line mutiny - https://allthingsliberty.com/2014/01/mutiny-pennsylvania-line/Wayne to Reed letter - https://digitalcollections.nyhistory.org/islandora/object/nyhs%3A65362Washington pay comment - “Washington: A Life” by Ron Chernow, pg. 188Soldier pay - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/soldier-pay-american-revolutionCattle pay - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/soldier-pay-american-revolutionWashington to Armstrong letter 1797 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-21-02-0338Peace negotiations - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/treatyNewburgh letters - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-10818General Orders March 11 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-10811Incurable height quote - https://www.americanrevolutioninstitute.org/masterpieces-in-detail/george-washington-letter-to-david-rittenhouse/#:~:text=Henry%20Knox%20formed%20a%20committee,patience%20may%20have%20fatal%20effects.%E2%80%9DFive year pay - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/newburgh-conspiracy

In England, Scotland, and Ireland, religiously and politically charged civil wars were fought, which led to the execution of a king and a short-lived English republic. With the restoration of the monarchy, a land grant was issued to a young English Quaker. It was a grant that would not only provide religious freedom in America, but would change the course of history.Recommended reading: William Penn: A Life by Andrew R. MurphyPenn - https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/october-14/Penn gov for Penn - https://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/pa04.aspCharter grant - https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/pa07.aspCharles II - https://www.royal.uk/charles-iiJames I - https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/james-vi-and-i/James I - https://www.royal.uk/james-i#:~:text=James%20I%20(r.,%2D1625)%20%7C%20The%20Royal%20FamilyCharles I - https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/the-jacobite-challenge/the-jacobite-challenge/coronation-ampulla/Charles I - https://www.royal.uk/charles-iMary Queen of Scots - https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/mary-queen-of-scots/mary-queen-of-scots/life-and-deathline-of-mary-queen-of-scots/Cromwell - https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/how-did-oliver-cromwell-dieInterregnum - https://www.royal.uk/interregnum-1649-1660 British Civil Wars - https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/british-civil-wars British Civil Wars - https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/the-english-civil-wars-history-and-stories/ Restoration - https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/restoration#:~:text=King%20Charles%20II%20has%20returned!&text=On%2025%20May%201660%20Charles,been%20suppressed%20under%20the%20Republic.Glorious Rev - https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/The-Glorious-Revolution-1688/Admiral Will Penn - https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Penn-British-admiralAdmiral Will Penn - https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-14419Quaker execution - https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01-2.html Roger Williams - https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01-2.html March 4, 1681 - https://hsp.org/blogs/question-week/march-4-1681-marks-which-important-event-pennsylvania%E2%80%99s-historyDelaware - https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/august-24/#william-penn-acquires-the-lower-countiesLongest surviving written charter - https://www.senate.gov/about/origins-foundations/senate-and-constitution/constitution-day.htm#:~:text=Written%20in%201787%2C%20ratified%20in,surviving%20written%20charter%20of%20government.

Aviation boomed in 1920s America, as US pilots scored firsts for endurance and transcontinental flights. As aviation advanced and planes became faster and more powerful, the next challenge was to attain perpetual flight. With the end of World War II, America seemed to have just what they needed to accomplish the seemingly impossible.Recommended reading: Flight: The Complete History of Aviation by R.G. GrantCited sources:Refueling history - https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197385/first-air-to-air-refueling/#:~:text=to%20Air%20Refueling-,To%20eliminate%20the%20fuel%20limitation%20problem%2C%20the%20fliers%20at%20Rockwell,Smith%20on%20June%2027%2C%201923.B-50 - https://planesoffame.org/aircraft/plane-B-50A Lucky Lady II - https://www.airandspaceforces.com/article/0399lucky/Lucky Lady II - https://www.edn.com/1st-nonstop-flight-around-the-world-lands-march-2-1949/LLII - https://www.defense.gov/News/Inside-DOD/Blog/Article/2091499/the-air-force-made-the-1st-nonstop-round-the-world-flight/Mackay Trophy - https://naa.aero/awards/awards-and-trophies/mackay-trophy/Mackay Trophy winners - https://naa.aero/awards/awards-and-trophies/mackay-trophy/mackay-1920-1929-winners/Fokker T-2 - https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/fokker-t-2/nasm_A19240003000#:~:text=The%20T%2D2%20had%20flown,147%20kph%20(92%20mph).Fastest planes - https://aerocorner.com/blog/fastest-planes-of-ww2/B-29 - https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196252/boeing-b-29-superfortress/Soviet atom bomb - https://www.theepochtimes.com/bright/how-a-usaf-simulation-nearly-resulted-in-nuclear-disaster-55775581924 flight around the world - https://www.theepochtimes.com/bright/donald-douglas-first-around-the-world-5497945Global Queen - https://www.fai.org/news/lucky-lady-ii-story-first-non-stop-round-world-flightVandenberg Trophy - https://www.afhistory.af.mil/FAQs/Fact-Sheets/Article/458978/lucky-ladies-i-ii-and-iii/

The Space Race between the US and the USSR had only intensified the Cold War, and the Soviets proved to be well ahead of the Americans. A Senator from Texas pushed for new legislation that would enable the US to compete. The first initiative was to catch up with the USSR by putting a man in space and then to orbit the Earth. The next step was to win the race.International Geophysical Year - https://www.nasa.gov/history/70-years-ago-scientists-establish-the-international-geophysical-year/Sputnik - https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ussr-launches-sputnik/Sputnik - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/sputnikBaikonur - https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/09/russias-cosmos-town-an-isolated-relic-of-soviet-glory-a75772 Baikonur - https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Baikonur_Cosmodrome Yuri - https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/april-1961-first-human-entered-space/#:~:text=Yuri%20Gagarin%20from%20the%20Soviet,not%20land%20inside%20of%20capsule. NASA Act 1958 - https://www.senate.gov/general/Features/SpaceLanding_Article_display.htmNASA Act - https://www.nasa.gov/history/65-years-ago-the-national-aeronautics-and-space-act-of-1958-creates-nasa/#:~:text=President%20Eisenhower%20signed%20the%20National,of%20the%20International%20Geophysical%20Year. Mercury program - https://www.nasa.gov/missions/project-mercury/in-the-beginning-project-mercury/Alan Shepard bio - https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-alan-shepard-jr/First flight - https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/shepards-mercury-flight-was-first-step-on-the-long-journey-to-mars/ Vanguard - https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-vanguard-fails-to-reach-orbit/ Mercury Shepard - https://www.nasa.gov/mission/mercury-redstone-3-freedom-7/ Alan Shepard ship - https://airandspace.si.edu/explore/stories/alan-shepardJohn Glenn - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/friendship-7-transcriptGlenn bio - https://www.nasa.gov/people/john-glenn/ Ranger 8 - https://science.nasa.gov/mission/ranger-8/JFK Congress - https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-president-kennedy-proposes-moon-landing-goal-in-speech-to-congress/JFK Rice - https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/historic-speeches/address-at-rice-university-on-the-nations-space-effort Ranger Program - https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/past/ranger.html

When Leonardo da Vinci died, he bequeathed his manuscripts and unpublished works to his favorite student. Over the centuries, some were stolen, some were purchased, and some were lost. While researching in a Spanish library, an American professor finds a historic manuscript he wasn’t even looking for.Recommended reading: The Leonardo da Vinci Codices in the Biblioteca Nacional of Madrid translated by Ladislao RetiCited sources:Codices -https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-madrid-codices-accion-cultural-espanola-ace/pQVxV0d9w8HFtA?hl=enThe discovery -https://courier.unesco.org/en/articles/los-codices-de-madrid The discovery -https://www.edn.com/da-vincis-madrid-codices-are-discovered-february-13-1967/Discovery and publication -https://www.nytimes.com/1974/09/30/archives/leonardo-legend-grows-as-longlost-notes-are-published-commentaries.html Ladislao bio -https://www.jstor.org/stable/3102957?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contentsSearching for the documents -https://www.jstor.org/stable/875461Chronology of the National Library of Spain -https://www.bne.es/es/conocenos/historia/cronologia Melzi bio -https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/whats-on/leonardo-s-legacy-francesco-melzi-and-the-leonardeschiPompeo Leoni -https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/artist/leoni-pompeo/5173cb5b-fc20-4334-8eb3-43d5188300adHistory of da Vinci manuscripts -https://vernonpress.com/file/445/542aca6f2aaed49cd005966c3efebb6e/1426572502.pdfCollection without order -https://www.discoveringdavinci.com/record-of-the-manuscriptsAmbrosiana library -https://www.ambrosiana.it/en/who-we-are/ambrosiana/ Columbus -https://www.theepochtimes.com/bright/what-it-took-for-columbus-to-finally-set-sail-5427080700 pages -https://www.nytimes.com/1967/02/14/archives/700-pages-of-leonardo-mss-found-in-madrid-700-pages-of-leonardo.htmlMcGraw-Hill set -https://madridcodices.com/product/the-madrid-codices-of-leonardo-da-vinci/Piccus image with Codices images -https://historicimages.com/products/rsk92805

As New York City’s population boomed throughout the 19th century, Cornelius Vanderbilt’s empire moved from steamboats to railroads. While the Vanderbilt railroad empire struggled to keep pace with the bustling society into the 20th century, a disaster and an idea led to an architectural and engineering marvel.  Recommended reading: Grand Central: How a Train Station Transformed America by Sam Roberts Cited sources: GCT History - https://www.ascemetsection.org/committees/history-and-heritage/landmarks/grand-central-terminal  GCT History - https://grandcentralterminal.com/history/  GCT History - https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/grand-central-terminal-history  GCT History - https://gcthistory.com/#s1 GCT History - https://www.nypap.org/preservation-history/grand-central-terminal/  GCT History - https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/20/nyregion/the-birth-of-grand-central-terminal-100-years-later.html  Interesting facts - https://www.history.com/news/grand-central-terminal-facts Wilgus and GCT - https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29LM.1943-5630.0000094 Early NY train system - https://www.trains.com/ctr/railroads/fallen-flags/remembering-the-new-york-central-system-part-1/ Whitney Warren bio - https://www.nps.gov/people/whitney-warren.htm 1902 train crash - https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/grandcentral-parkave/ Vanderbilt - https://www.nrrhof.org/cornelius-vanderbilt Vanderbilt - https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/cornelius-vanderbilt NY Population 1790-2000 - https://www.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/historical-population/1790-2000_nyc_total_foreign_birth.pdf NY Pop Study - https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/05v11n2/0512glae.pdf Coutan - https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2007/19th-century-furniture-sculpture-ceramics-and-works-of-art-including-property-formerly-from-the-palacio-ferreyra-argentina-n08305/lot.274.html Newspaper crash articles - https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/grandcentral-parkave/

Six ships and 346 men led by Lt. Charles Wilkes embarked on a four-year expedition that would change the way we see the world. From geographic, zoologic and ethnographic discoveries, the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838-1842 provided so much information that it was enough to establish the core of nearly every collection in every scientific department in the Smithsonian Institute’s National Museum of Natural History. Recommended reading: Sea of Glory: America's Voyage of Discovery by Nathaniel Philbrick Cited sources: SI long article by Philbrick - https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/philbrick.htm Expedition article - https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/united_states_exploring_expedition_1838_1842_/#.ZAjZ6OzMIWo Peacock sinking - https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/u.s.s._peacock/#.ZAja7OzMIWp Doc video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWeGu0WTOes The specimen collection - https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Walsh-01.htm Route map - https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/fdscontent/uscompanion/us/static/companion.websites/9780199389315/maps/ch11/map11_00300.jpg Philbrick Book - https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Glory-South-Expedition-1838-42/dp/0007121156 Ordered map - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition#/media/File:Charles_wilkes_part1.png Westward age of expansion - https://americanexperience.si.edu/historical-eras/expansion/  Treaty of Fort Stanwix - https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/1768-boundary-line-treaty-of-fort-stanwix.htm Lewis and Clark Exp - https://www.britannica.com/event/Lewis-and-Clark-Expedition Jeremiah Reynolds - https://www.bensonlibrary.org/Author/Home?author=%22Reynolds%2C%20Jeremiah%22  Reynolds address to Congress - https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027813719&view=1up&seq=20 The elements of maritime enterprise have been from the earliest period of our history incorporated with the character of our people. - pg 8 References George Berkeley’s verses regarding the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America (1728) - pg 15 When monarchs hesitated, and ministers looked on with cold and calculating indifference, she cast her jewels upon the waters, and fortune paid her with a new world, from which has sprung a race of men, who have given new hopes to liberty, when it was nearly lost; and who are now struggling to throw back on Europe, with interest and gratitude, the rays of light we have received from her. - pg 100 Poe and Melville inspiration - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/real-life-whale-inspired-moby-dick-180965282/ Sea Gull in gale image - https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-51000/NH-51499.html Paulding quote - https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1939/october/wilkes-exploring-expedition Three groups - https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/art/exhibits/exploration-and-technology/alfred-agate-collection/18390/orange-harbor--tierra-del-fuego-and-cape-horn.html List of crew - https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/navigation/Crew/crew_display_by_ship.cfm?ship=Flying%20Fish Second expedition into Anarctica - https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/e/exploring-the-antarctic-1840-the-wilkes-expedition.html Wilke’s Emerald Island and Wilkes quotes - https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/e/exploring-the-antarctic-1840-the-wilkes-expedition.html Columbia River quote - https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/united_states_exploring_expedition_1838_1842_/#.ZAztR-zMIWp  Midshipman quote - https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/u.s.s._peacock/#.ZA96TuzMIWq Settling the controversy Pillsbury - https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1914/september/wilkes-exploring-expedition Smithsonian quote - https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Walsh-01.htm

A Swiss physicist challenges the world’s heights and depths with imaginative creations fit for Jules Verne. After reaching record heights, the physicist plans to tackle the depths of the seas. The US Navy aims to make those plans a success with the deepest dive possible. ecommended reading: Seven Miles Down: The Story of the Bathyscaph Trieste by Jacques Piccard and Robert Dietz Cited sources: Sources Bathyscaphe - https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/bathyscaphe/ Trieste - https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/exploration-and-innovation/bathyscaph-trieste.html Trieste - https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/artifacts/ship-and-shore/boats-and-small-craft/bathyscape-trieste.html Le Plongeur - https://www.musee-marine.fr/en/collections/rochefort/the-model-of-le-plongeur.html  Piccard - https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/leading-figures/auguste-piccard-the-versatile-explorer-from-the-sky-to-the-bottom-of-the-sea/ Piccard - https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/auguste-antoine-piccard Piccard balloon flight - https://www.fai.org/news/fai-celebrates-90th-anniversary-auguste-piccard-breaking-stratospheric-barrier  The dive - https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2020/january/first-deepest-dive Swiss war years - file:///Users/dustinbass/Downloads/die-schweiz-in-der-zeit-der-weltkriege_EN.pdf Dive - https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/nmusn/PDFs/Education/NMUSN_Education_Trieste_60.pdf Universal Exposition - https://library.brown.edu/cds/paris/worldfairs.html#de1867 Project Nekton - https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/prior-exhibits/2020/trieste/project-nekton.html Don Walsh - https://seahistory.org/award/capt-don-walsh-usn-ret/ Walsh - https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/nmusn/PDFs/Education/NMUSN_Education_Trieste_60.pdf

The peace from the Great War proves fragile as European diplomats work to make agreements on militarism, reparations, and land. A veteran French minister seizes opportunities to bring nations to the table. His sly bilateral proposal to America is countered with a savvy response from a farmer-turned-lawyer. Peace in Their Time: The Origins of the Kellogg-Briand Pact by Robert Ferrell Washington Times article - https://www.loc.gov/item/sn84026749/1918-11-11/ed-1/ KB Pact Info - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/kellogg  KB Pact Text - https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/kbpact.asp  Mukden Incident - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/mukden-incident Locarno Pact - https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/spirit-locarno Dawes Plan - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/dawes  Young Plan - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/dawes  Kellogg bio - https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/kellogg-frank-billings  Kellogg bio - https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1929/kellogg/biographical/  Briand bio - https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1926/briand/facts/  Briand in politics - https://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/index.php/en/aristide-briand Locarno info - https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667899/ Shotwell - https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/james-t-shotwell-life-devoted-organizing-peace Kellogg response to Briand - https://www.cfr.org/blog/twe-remembers-kellogg-briand-pact

Caught between two revolutions, the Age of Aeronautics begins. In England, an American Loyalist and surgeon connects with a young French inventor and struggling aeronaut. Together, Europe and America reap the benefits of their daring. “The First Air Voyage in America” by Jean Pierre Blanchard Cited sources: Blanchard bio - https://lewis-clark.org/sciences/age-of-enlightenment/blanchards-balloon/  Blanchard bio - https://www.blimpinfo.com/history-2/this-mo-in-hist/this-mo-in-hist-jan/jp-blanchard/  Blanchard story - https://stratocat.com.ar/artics/blanchard-e.htm  Blanchard info - https://www.fai.org/sites/default/files/documents/cia-hof-blanchard-jean-pierre.pdf  Blanchard Washington Pass - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-11-02-0383  John Jeffries - https://npg.si.edu/exh/franklin/jeffries.htm J Jeffries - https://loyalist.lib.unb.ca/node/4741  Philly as capital - https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/philadelphia-as-the-capital  Residence Act - https://www.mountvernon.org/education/primary-source-collections/primary-source-collections/article/residence-act-of-1790/ Walnut Street Prison - https://lewis-clark.org/the-trail/eastern-beginnings/lewis-in-philadelphia/historic-philadelphia/walnut-street-prison/ History of ballooning - https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/short-history-of-ballooning/ First balloon flight - https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/key-dates/first-hot-air-balloon-flight  Royal Menagerie - https://en.chateauversailles.fr/news/exhibitions/king-animals#the-exhibition Grimm quote - https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/inflation-of-first-hydrogen-balloon-by-j-a-c-charles/nasm_A20000463000#:~:text=Baron%20Grimm%2C%20another%20Franklin%20acquaintance,%2C%20journeys%20in%20the%20sky.%22 Jeffries retelling of Channel crossing - https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2014/02/his-intrepidity-had-well-nigh-been-fatal-to-him-dr-john-jeffries/ Jeffries Narrative - https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2019gen10317c2/?sp=51&st=image

While the world awaits a potential doomsday, America’s greatest cartoonist prepares his own ending. In more than 2,600 newspapers around the world, a globe-shaking announcement is made and an American icon comes to an end. Recommended reading: “Schulz and Peanuts: A Biography” by David Michaelis, or the 32-book series of the Peanuts comic strips. Cited sources: Schulz bio - https://schulzmuseum.org/about-schulz/schulz-biography/ Schulz bio - https://www.srcity.org/1367/About-Schulz Schulz WW2 - https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/peanuts-creator-charles-schulz-s-experiences-in-wwii-shaped-the-character-of-charlie-brown-1.656415 Y2K - https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object-groups/y2k Dachau - https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/dachau Schulz obit - https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/14/arts/charles-m-schulz-peanuts-creator-dies-at-77.html Internet usage - https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ITNETUSERP2USA Internet usage - https://www.statista.com/statistics/209117/us-internet-penetration/#:~:text=As%20of%202023%2C%20approximately%2092,internet%20users%20in%20the%20country.  Retirement announced - https://schulzmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Timeline-of-Charles-M-Schulz-and-Peanuts.pdf Schulz timeline - https://schulzmuseum.org/timeline/#!/2000

Celebrating Christmas used to be against the law during the Puritan era of the 1600s. Slowly, but surely Americans began to warm to the idea of Christmas. The journey of the Christmas tree in America travels a long and rather surprising road. But now Christmas is the nation’s biggest holiday, and tree lighting ceremonies have become a national annual tradition. Recommend reading: “The Christmas Tree Book: The History of the Christmas Tree & Antique Christmas Tree Ornaments” by Phillip V. Snyder Cited sources: https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/hillsboroughco/2017/12/15/brief-history-christmas-tree-united-states/ Christmas lights - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/untangling-history-christmas-lights-180961140/ Tree history - https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-the-tradition-of-christmas-trees-start Tree history - https://www.history.com/topics/christmas/history-of-christmas-trees#who-brought-christmas-trees-to-america Tree history - https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/christmas-tree-history Christmas in the colonies - https://www.history.com/news/christmas-13-colonies-puritans Hale efforts - https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/stealth-campaign-bring-christmas-tree/ Tree history origin - https://www.thoughtco.com/christmas-trees-19th-century-tradition-1773913 Puritan laws - https://newengland.com/yankee/history/how-the-puritans-banned-christmas/ First Christmas - https://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/301-600/the-1st-recorded-celebration-of-christmas-11629658.html Congress and Christmas Day - https://religionandpolitics.org/2012/12/21/did-congress-meet-on-christmas-day-fact-checking-the-war-on-christmas/#:~:text=Emery%20then%20turned%20to%20government,Day%20in%20only%20three%20years. Saturnalia - https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/saturnalia.html#:~:text=In%20the%20Roman%20calendar%2C%20the,ritual%2C%20with%20the%20head%20uncovered. Rhine Exodus of 1816/17 - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/rhine-exodus-of-18161817-within-the-developing-german-atlantic-world/3C1E169554D846E32447970D04132448 German immigration - https://www.deutschland.de/en/usa/us-immigration-americas-german-roots Thirty Years’ War - https://militarymaps.rct.uk/thirty-years-war-1618-48#:~:text=The%20Thirty%20Years%20War%20began,German%20princes%20and%20occasionally%20Spain). Harvard prof - https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/12/harvard-professor-brought-first-christmas-tree-to-new-england/ Bokum book - https://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b06632/ & https://www.amazon.com/Strangers-Gift-Christmas-Years-Present/dp/B01891RTPA/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Winslow Homer Harpers Weekly image - https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/393185 Christmas at Windsor illustration - https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/christmas-tree-at-windsor-castle-from-the-christmas-supplement-to-the-illustrated-london-news  Household Christmas trees - https://www.christmastreeassociation.org/press-releases/75-percent-of-us-households-or-94-million-homes-will-display-a-christmas-tree-in-2021-despite-supply-chain-and-shortage-challenges#:~:text=December%209%2C%202021%20%2D%20Despite%20global,displaying%20Christmas%20trees%20in%202021%2C  National Christmas Tree - https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/the-1923-national-christmas-tree-and-the-spirit-of-the-holiday-season-photo-4 

Belle Starr grew up in the chaos of the Civil War. Classically educated and trained to shoot and ride, she became an anomaly among the ruffians she surrounded herself with in Indian Territory. As her star rose and she yearned for the straight life, a Christmas party proved a turning point for both good and ill. Recommended reading: “Belle Starr and Her Times: The Literature, the Facts, and the Legends” by Glenn Shirley Cited sources: Newspaper clipping report - https://www.newspapers.com/image/77251106/?clipping_id=32216357&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjc3MjUxMTA2LCJpYXQiOjE3MDIzMTg4MTgsImV4cCI6MTcwMjQwNTIxOH0.snld09q1L4ocfggmNshGpe873AF-_Ut2EafyQULXQfM Belle Starr bio - https://www.biography.com/crime/belle-starr Belle bio - https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=ST018 Belle bio - https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/belle-starr-2406/ Belle bio - https://www.nps.gov/fosm/learn/historyculture/belle-starr-a-black-widow.htm  Belle - https://www.joplinglobe.com/news/local_news/bill-caldwell-belle-starrs-exploits-were-legendary/article_d3d94b3a-563e-575d-ac55-e097cb4782fe.html Article on Belle’s life - https://texashighways.com/culture/people/when-belle-starr-married-outlaw-jim-reed-her-legend-as-the-female-jesse-james-began/ Brief Frank West info - https://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west Frank West - https://lawmen.genealogyvillage.com/lawmen/westfamily.htm  Sam Starr bio - https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Starr-1135  ​​Sam and Belle - http://thejamesscrolls.blogspot.com/2013/08/sam-and-belle-starr.html Sam and Belle - https://www.titchenal.com/Cherokee/chapter3/page09.html Quantrill’s Raiders - https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=QU002 Bruce Younger marriage - https://www.nps.gov/fosm/learn/historyculture/belle-starr-a-black-widow.htm Belle story - https://www.historynet.com/belle-starr/?f

Thomas Edison believed he had found a solution to the incandescent lightbulb. Now he just needed his invention to work. While the press followed his every move, an old theater in Boston and a famous librettist/composer duo in London would soon coincide to make history. Recommended reading: “Edison” by Edmund Morris Cited sources: Bijou - ⁠https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/11085⁠  Bijou - ⁠http://0323017.netsolhost.com/BostonOperaHouseSite.htm⁠ Bijou - ⁠https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/2806⁠ Bijou - ⁠https://historyinphotographs.com/products/oh-windy-boston-keiths-bijou⁠ Edison and Bijou - ⁠https://www.britannica.com/art/stagecraft/Electrification⁠  Edison and Bijou - ⁠https://archive.blogs.harvard.edu/houghton/edison-bulb/⁠  Edison lightbulb patent - ⁠https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/thomas-edisons-patent-application-for-the-light-bulb⁠ Edison and the press - ⁠https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-thomas-edison-tricked-the-press-into-believing-hed-invented-the-light-bulb-180982406/⁠ Edison idea - ⁠https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/oa_monograph/chapter/974260⁠ New York Sun article - ⁠https://www.nature.com/articles/018609a0.pdf⁠ Charles Brush - ⁠https://www.cleveland.com/business/2017/11/charles_brush_invented_the_arc.html⁠  Telemachon - ⁠https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/nmah_875681⁠  Savoy Theater opera - ⁠https://thelovellcollection.wordpress.com/2017/11/27/852/⁠ Iolanthe - ⁠https://www.eno.org/operas/iolanthe/⁠ Gilbert and Sullivan - ⁠https://www.eno.org/composers/gilbert-sullivan/⁠ Theodore Parker - ⁠https://www.nps.gov/people/theodore-parker.htm⁠ Electrotechnical Expo Munich - ⁠https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LE23RVJO1DYjCbCG0xIhiJJ2OKX615-zJMycI2-e73U/edit⁠

When Charles Dickens made his first visit to America in 1842, he left with a sour taste in his mouth. What began as a hero’s welcome ended in what became known as “The Quarrel with America.” Twenty-five years later, Dickens returned. This time he returned to America for a very special reason, and just in time for the holidays. Recommended reading: “American Notes” by Charles Dickens. Or you could watch the 10-part series called “Dickens in America.” There is also a great 2917 film called “The Man Who Invented Christmas.” Cited sources: First visit - ⁠https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17017791.amp⁠ First visit - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/charles-dickens-in-america.html⁠ First visit cities - ⁠https://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/rarebook/exhibitions/dickens/18-american-notes.htm#:~:text=On%20his%20first%20American%20tour,%2C%20and%20even%20Springfield%2C%20Massachusetts⁠.  Map of first visit - ​​⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/charles-dickens-american-travels-map-1842.html⁠  Reasons for a second visit - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/case-in-a-nutshell.html⁠  Second visit - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/charles-dickens-in-america.html#2nd-visit⁠ Map of 2nd visit - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/charles-dickens-american-reading-tour-1867-68.html⁠ Dickens annotated reading of Carol - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/carol-dickens-reading-text.html⁠ Visits - ⁠http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/lifeofauthor/5onstage.html⁠ Criticisms after first visit - ⁠https://dickensmuseum.com/blogs/charles-dickens-museum/charles-dickens-and-america-part-iii⁠ Second visit - ⁠https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/charles-dickens-begins-second-american-tour.html⁠ Promise of adding appendix - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/chuzzlewit-and-american-notes-appendix.html⁠ Mark Twain on Dickens visit - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/twain-on-dickens.html⁠ Dickens books chronology - ⁠https://www.historyhit.com/culture/charles-dickens-books-in-order/⁠ Copyright issues - ⁠https://victorianweb.org/authors/dickens/pva/pva75.html⁠ US copyright laws - ⁠https://www.arl.org/copyright-timeline/⁠ Prison - ⁠https://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/rarebook/exhibitions/dickens/18-american-notes.htm#:~:text=On%20his%20first%20American%20tour,%2C%20and%20even%20Springfield%2C%20Massachusetts⁠. Scabbard - ⁠https://www.themorgan.org/collections/works/dickens/ChristmasCarol/35#:~:text=Its%20dark%20brown%20curls%20were,was%20eaten%20up%20with%20rust⁠. Tremont Temple - ⁠https://www.nps.gov/places/tremont-temple.htm⁠ Emerson and Longfellow - ⁠https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/charles-dickens-begins-second-american-tour.html⁠ Boston newspaper - ⁠http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/lifeofauthor/5onstage.html⁠ All nighters - ⁠http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/lifeofauthor/5onstage.html⁠ Appendix - ⁠https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/chuzzlewit-and-american-notes-appendix.html⁠

How much do you know about American history? Well, if your historical interests brought you here, then there’s probably a lot you do know, and even more that you’ve forgotten. Hello, I’m Dustin Bass and this is American Tales — a podcast designed to explore the world through American history.  Back to my original question, you probably know that Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America — and you also know that it appears the Vikings discovered it before he did. I’m certain you know that the American colonists, led by George Washington, defeated Great Britain in the American Revolution with great assistance from the French, and even some help from the Spanish and Dutch. You probably know that the United States Constitution is the longest surviving constitution in world history, and that the words of the Declaration of Independence helped guide Americans toward a more perfect union by finally, after some doing — such as the Civil War, women’s suffrage, and the Civil Rights movement — enshrining into law and practice that “all men are created equal.” You probably know about the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the ensuing exploration adventure of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. You’ve heard about the Gold Rush of 1848 and 49. As aforementioned, you know about the Civil War and the era that followed — an era that Mark Twain coined as the Gilded Age. You’ve heard of Theodore Roosevelt — he’s one of the faces on Mount Rushmore. You probably know something about Woodrow Wilson, the president during our involvement in World War I. There’s the Roaring 20s and the Great Depression. There’s Dec. 7, 1941…that brought us into World War II. You are certainly aware that after that war, America became the global leader economically, militarily, and for all intents and purposes, politically. Of course, not everyone would agree with that sentiment, especially the Soviets, against whom we struggled for nearly five decades in what was called The Cold War. There was the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Civil Rights movement, and the fall of Communism. And with that fall came the promise of a new world order. The world was new, and within this new world America introduced the internet, which entirely altered the global landscape. These are all the things you know or perhaps forgot you knew. But what about everything else? Those moments and people we’ve never heard of. Those moments and people who are, perhaps not intentionally ignored, but have simply been overlooked. American Tales is a podcast that will unearth the things you know, the things you thought you knew, the things you’ve forgotten, and the things you were never told. My hope is that you will not only learn more about American history, but that this podcast will create in you a stronger sense of appreciation and pride about our great country, our accomplishments, and about the leaders — known and unknown — who have guided us through good times, bad times, and even those times we’ve all forgotten. At the end of every episode there will be a further reading recommendation. I will also cite all of my sources in the episode notes. Every episode has been fact-checked for accuracy. But if you happen to hear something that is incorrect, feel free to contact me at ⁠[email protected]⁠. American Tales is under the banner of The Sons of History, a history-teaching initiative launched in 2018 by myself and Alan Wakim. In these narrations I will be using different voices and accents where applicable. I’m not a classically trained voice actor, so you’ll forgive me if the accents are not exact. Episode 1 releases Monday, Dec. 2, 2024, so please click the subscribe button. Also, you can follow the show on Instagram or X @amtalespodcast. Episodes will post every Monday morning at 5 AM Eastern Time.