Athletics Coaching AI

 In this episode we examine the physiology of ageing through the lens of Masters Athletics. We unpack the evidence on age-related changes in height, muscle mass, bone density and cardiovascular function, and explore how these influence performance in sprinting, distance running and field events. Source: Physiology and Performance of Masters AthletesMore importantly, we look at how structured training in strength, endurance and speed can mitigate decline and extend athletic capacity well beyond what is typically expected. Drawing on current research and real examples, this episode highlights how Masters athletes continue to set benchmarks that challenge traditional views of human performance across the lifespan. 

This episode explores a holistic long-term development plan for adolescent sprinters aged 13-20, emphasising a holistic approach encompassing technical, physical, and psychological progression.Essential information for all coaches who work with 100m, 200m, 400m, sprinters and hurdlers. 

Source: Nutrition for Travel: From Jet Lag to CateringFor your performance athletes, domestic and international travel presents a regular challenge, particularly when it's associated with competition pressure or the need to support specialized training, such as altitude or heat adaptation. This episode delves into how strategic nutrition and meticulous planning can mitigate common travel woes and optimise performance for track-and-field athletes and other elite competitors.Topics include:Jet Lag⚠️Melatonin Supplementation - why it's not recommendedCaffeine IntakeMeal Timing and CompositionTravel FatigueTravel HygieneOptimal Catering in New Environments

Why does feedback so often feel like a threat, not a gift?In this episode, we unpack the discomfort of honest feedback—why it stings, why we resist it, and how to make it work for you as a coach. Drawing from real-world coaching challenges, we break down the three common 'triggers' that derail feedback:Truth: when the content feels offRelationship: when it’s coming from 'them'Identity: when it hits too close to who you think you areYou'll learn how emotional reactions and self-perception can distort even helpful critique, and how to move past that. We’ll also share a practical, proven technique for asking for specific feedback that drives real growth.If you want faster learning, stronger relationships, and more confidence in your coaching, this one’s for you.

Download the Communication and Engagement Guide HereHey coaches, ever wonder how to make your track and field sessions truly inclusive and impactful for every athlete? Our latest episode dives into an incredible resource designed to help you do just that! We're talking about a comprehensive guide that provides essential communication and engagement strategies for assisting people living with disabilities.Download the guide using the link above and listen to our AI hosts discuss the key takeaways to make your sessions more inclusive for all. Enjoy!

Read the Full Study (Wu 2025) HereThis episode investigates the benefits of an integrated training model for improving performance in 100m and 400m sprint events. The study highlights that traditional training often separates strength, speed, and endurance, whereas a combined approach may yield superior results. Through a 12-week intervention with thirty trained sprinters, the research demonstrates that an integrated training plan showed significant enhancements in sprint times, acceleration, and stride mechanics compared to a control group using traditional methods. 

In this episode, we dive into six essential articles recently published by Australian Athletics—each packed with actionable insights for accredited coaches across all event groups. From resisted sprint training to cueing strategies, this episode offers a toolkit of proven practices to enhance coaching effectiveness, athlete performance, and long-term development. Find the full articles at CoachAthletics.com.au00:00 – 11:38 Best Practices for Resisted Sprint Training Explore how to optimise sleds, hills, bands, and more to target acceleration and maximum velocity. Learn how to tailor load, distance, reps, and recovery for different phases of the season and why resisted and unresisted sprinting should complement—not compete with—each other.11:39 – 12:48 Reflecting After a Major Competition Use the “Good, Better, How” framework to reflect on your recent coaching at the Australian Athletics Championships. A practical tool to drive continuous improvement.12:50 – 15:48 Planning for Youth Athletes Understand the five foundational principles (Progressive Overload, Specificity, Variety, Planned Recovery, and Individualisation), athlete monitoring, and long-term development. Align your training plans with both the training age and biological maturity of young athletes.15:50 – 17:58 What All Coaches Need to Know About Hamstrings Find out why most hamstring injuries occur mid-air, not on contact, and how eccentric strength, pelvic control, and trunk stability are key to performance and injury prevention.18:00 – 20:31 Lessons from the World’s Best Distance Runners Discover why 80% of elite training is low intensity, how individualised periodisation trumps one-size-fits-all plans, and why managing load with precision is a competitive edge.20:31 – 22:49 Attentional Focus: Your Secret Coaching Tool Shift your cueing from internal to external focus to enhance learning and execution. This segment offers examples of metaphors, timing, and cue design to embed new skills more effectively.22:49 – End Reflection Question What’s one principle from today’s episode that you could test in your very next training session?

Join us for a deep dive into the paper "An Integrative Definition of Coaching Effectiveness and Expertise" by Côté and Gilbert . Forget just focusing on finish times; this episode explores what truly makes a coach effective and an expert.Source: An Integrative Definition of Coaching Effectiveness and ExpertiseWe unpack the authors' groundbreaking definition, revealing the three essential pillars of coaching success: coaches' knowledge, encompassing not just your understanding of drills and training programmes (professional knowledge), but also your ability to connect with athletes (interpersonal knowledge) and reflect on your own practice (intrapersonal knowledge).Finally, discover how effective coaching goes beyond performance outcomes to shape athletes' competence, confidence, connection, and character – the four crucial 'C's that lead to holistic development both on and off the track.

This episode explores the impact of mental fatigue on athletes, particularly in track and field, and the crucial role coaches play in both mitigating fatigue and promoting recovery.Source: Key Takeaways:🔹 Mental fatigue affects performance: 96% of practitioners agree it has a major impact on training and competition. 🔹 Signs of mental fatigue: Decreased session quality, loss of focus, slower reaction times, hesitation under pressure. 🔹 Mental recovery is key: Athletes who prioritise it adapt better to training, regulate emotions more effectively, and improve performance.Action Items for CoachesAssess Mental Fatigue & RecoveryOnly 23.7% of practitioners assess recovery—start including subjective and objective measures!Use quick check-ins like energy-level surveys, mood tracking, or training log reflections.Leverage technology (e.g., heart rate variability monitoring) to track fatigue levels. Integrate Mental Resilience into TrainingIntroduce mental load in drills: Add time constraints or decision-making tasks to technical sessions.For sprinters: Vary reaction times in starts.For distance runners: Simulate pace changes under distractions.For jumpers and throwers: Add 'chaos' drills that ask athletes to make adjustments to their technique mid-action.Thi can also support athletes to meet mental demands in competition.Offer Recovery OptionsEncourage self-selected recovery strategies: Mindfulness, guided imagery, restorative breaks.Explain the benefits of different techniques and allow athletes to choose what works best.Foster CollaborationCommunicate with athletes, sports psychologists, strength coaches, and nutritionists.Regularly check in on training loads, sleep patterns, and mental state.

Source: Successful Talent Development in Track and Field: Considering the Role of Environment (Authored by Henriksen, Stambulova, and Rossler).What makes a track and field club a powerhouse for developing elite athletes? In this episode, we dive into a fascinating study on IFK Växjö, a Swedish club with a track record of producing top talent. Using a holistic ecological approach, the research uncovers key factors that contribute to its success—cohesive groups, a strong organisational culture, and a long-term focus on athlete development. We break down the essential preconditions, processes, and cultural values that create an environment where young athletes thrive 

Source: Australian Athletics Safeguarding Children and Young People PolicyAs a coach, you play a crucial role in creating a safe and supportive environment for young athletes. In this episode, the hosts break down the key takeaways from Australian Athletics' comprehensive safeguarding policy. From understanding how to handle physical touch, communicating with athletes online, and transporting athletes, you'll learn why familiarising yourself with the full policy is vital—not just as a compliance requirement, but as a commitment to athlete wellbeing. 

This episode explores common errors in squat form, focusing on heel rise, knee collapse, hip/shoulder movement discrepancies, and spinal rounding. It outlines a bottom-up assessment method, progressing from feet to shoulders. The episode also provides both verbal and non-verbal correction strategies for each error, including using cues and physical adjustments like wall positioning and resistance bands. Finally, the hosts discuss the importance of proper bar placement for both back and front squats.SourceOptimizing Squat Technique

SourceThe Horizontal JumpsThis episode introduces the general principles of the long jump and triple jump. It details the biomechanics and techniques involved in both events, highlighting key similarities and differences between the two disciplines. The importance of approach run and take-off in achieving optimal jump distance is emphasised. Training methodologies, including plyometrics and weight training, are discussed for improving performance. 

World Athletics commissioned a four-year study to analyse online abuse targeting its athletes across four major events. The study, using AI and human analysis, examined 1.4 million posts and comments across multiple platforms, revealing persistent themes of racism, sexism, and sexualised abuse. The research identified key trends, such as the disproportionate targeting of certain athletes and the increasing use of emojis to circumvent platform rules. SourceOnline Abuse in Athletics, World AthleticsYour Role in Managing Online AbuseEducation: Read the full report, stay up-to-date with trends in online abuse, and know what resources are available for athletes.Communication: Talk to your athletes by having honest and open conversations about online safety. Action: Encourage athletes to report abuse, support them if they do, and push for stronger protections from social media companies and governing bodies.Find information on sport integrity and how to make a report or complaint to Athletics Australia here.

This episode discusses key AIS findings regarding the use of Cold Water Immersion (CWI) for athlete recovery, highlighting both potential benefits and important considerations.SourcesWater Immersion OverviewCWI - Is it Worth the Plunge?CWI may offer slight, short-term recovery benefits following endurance-focused exercise, potentially reducing the time needed for recovery during periods of intensive training. It could also be beneficial after resistance training by reducing the inflammatory response and promoting muscle protein synthesis, although post-exercise nutrition should be considered. CWI may help mitigate muscle damage after high impact activities like plyometrics or hill sprints, particularly with increases in training load or muscle soreness. During the competitive season, CWI may be used more frequently to prepare for competition, but caution is needed to avoid impacting training adaptations. In the pre-season, CWI can be strategically used to promote recovery and improve the athlete's perception of recovery, though impacts on training adaptation should be considered. Coaches should also consider the schedule of events when using CWI, ensuring it doesn't impact same-day performance, and it might be most useful following competition or a demanding session. Furthermore, CWI can be useful during injury recovery with professional guidance. Key Messages:CWI should NEVER take priority over methods like sleep, nutrition, and hydration, and its timing and protocol (immersion duration and temperature) should be carefully considered. It is important to consider environmental conditions, with CWI being potentially more beneficial in hot weather, and individual factors such as age, sex, and body composition, along with athlete's feedback and preferences. CWI should be used carefully as it can impair muscle protein synthesis and may be harmful for those with peripheral vascular disease, with some athletes being more responsive than others. If implemented, CWI should be integrated within a periodized plan and coach and athlete should consult with qualified professionals before implementation.

This Episode discusses the relationship between coach-athlete dynamics and burnout in young elite athletes. It examines how appraisals of the coach-athlete relationship correlate with and predict burnout symptoms, both generally and specifically related to sport. The research highlights the crucial role of the coach-athlete relationship in athletes’ mental well-being.Our AI hosts then discuss strategies for building and maintaining great relationships with your athletes.SourceCoach-Athlete Relationship: and Burnout SymptomsThe study uses longitudinal data from Swiss Olympic Partner Schools to analyse this relationship, also exploring the moderating role of mental toughness. Findings indicate a negative correlation between positive coach-athlete relationships and burnout, but longitudinal prediction was limited due to the stability of burnout symptoms over time. Mental toughness did not moderate the relationship between coach-athlete dynamics and burnout. 

This episode discusses the Speed and Agility guide, detailing various speed and plyometric training methods for athletes. It explains the mechanics of plyometrics, emphasising the stretch-shortening cycle and the importance of proper landing techniques to prevent injury, particularly ACL tears in females. The guide also covers speed and agility training, differentiating between various types of speed. Specific drills are described with illustrations and coaching points.See the Speed and Agility GuideNSCA Speed and Agility

Effective sprint training requires an in-depth understanding of the physiological demands sprinters face as they accelerate and maintain high speeds. This deep dive will explore a study by Dorn, Schache, and Pandy (2012) highlighting the muscular strategy shifts that occur as sprinters increase their running speed. This article explores the findings of their study, discusses the key muscular adaptations, and provides practical implications for coaches working with sprinters and distance runners.Key FindingsDorn et al. (2012) revealed that as athletes increase their speed, they shift from relying on the ankle plantarflexors (soleus and gastrocnemius) to the hip muscles for achieving further acceleration. This change occurs around the 7 m/s mark, which is particularly relevant for sprinters who race at speeds consistently above this threshold.Below 7 m/s: The Role of Stride Length At lower speeds, up to around 7 m/s, increasing stride length is the primary mechanism for improving running velocity. The soleus and gastrocnemius play a significant role in generating vertical ground reaction forces that propel the body upwards and forwards. This action enhances the time the sprinter spends in the air, contributing to a longer stride.Above 7 m/s: The Shift to Stride Frequency As speed increases, ground contact time decreases, limiting the effectiveness of the ankle plantarflexors. The force-velocity relationship of muscles means that at higher velocities, the ability of the soleus and gastrocnemius to generate force diminishes. Beyond 7 m/s, the focus shifts to increasing stride frequency, which is achieved through faster leg swing facilitated by the hip muscles—specifically the iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, and hamstrings.SourceMuscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance (Dorn, Schache, and Pandy, 2012)

In this episode our AI hosts provide a comprehensive guide to the 400m hurdles. It's your Introduction to Coaching the 400m Hurdles Masterclass!We explore the technical and tactical aspects of the event, starting with a breakdown of the requirements for success and drills to help athletes develop them. The episode then details the mechanics of a successful hurdle clearance, emphasising the need for a smooth, efficient sprinting action, both between and over the hurdles. Finally, the hosts look at the essential elements of coaching the event. Including planning, injury prevention, drill progressions, cueing and more. SourceCoaching the 400m Hurdles

This episode discusses Athletics Australia's "Strength for Sprinting" guide, exploring the concept of specificity in strength training and highlighting how different training parameters can influence the transfer of gym gains to sprinting performance. The article examines five key factors: velocity, muscle group, muscle action, direction of force, and joint angle, demonstrating how training must be tailored to these specific aspects to maximise performance improvement. It argues that strength training should mirror the demands of sprinting, emphasising exercises that replicate the high-velocity, multi-joint movements and specific muscle activation patterns required for optimal speed and power. SourceStrength for Sprinting - Connecting Gym Gains with Sprinting Performance

Download the full guide with demonstration of the stretches and exercises hereThis conversation explores findings published in the journal Advances in Physical Education, examining the importance of hip mobility and flexibility for track and field athletes. The authors argue that restricted hip range of motion can lead to muscle imbalances and injuries, highlighting the prevalence of injuries in non-contact sports. The article presents a program of nine mobility exercises and six flexibility exercises, with accompanying images, intended to improve hip range of motion and athletic performance.

This episode discusses a paper by Wolfgang Ritzdorf, Director of the World High Jump Centre in Cologne, Germany, explaining his approach to coaching high jumpers. He argues that coaches must first establish a technical model for their athletes, then assess whether their personal style hinders or helps them achieve key technical elements. Next, he emphasises the crucial role of reactive strength in determining an athlete's ideal take-off time, which, in turn, informs the technical model selected. Ritzdorf outlines a four-stage technical preparation programme:1. Developing general qualities,2. Developing specific qualities,3. Developing specific skills, and4. Technical training. He concludes that limiting technical training to a maximum of two sessions per week, with a small number of jumps from a short approach, helps to maximise performance and avoid negative changes in the dynamics of the jump.Source:Approaches to Technique and Technical Training in the High Jump

Knowledge of muscle fibre types and how they can change is valuable for personalising training programs for different athletes’ goals. Understanding how different training modalities affect fibre type composition can help tailor programs for endurance, strength, power, or a combination of these qualities.This episode explores the different types of muscle fibres and how they adapt to the training stimulus.SourceMuscle Fiber Type Transitions with Exercise Training

This episode discusses an article written by Dr. Vanessa Thiele and published by the AIS, arguing that coaches should prioritise self-care, as it is crucial for their performance and leadership. The author explains that self-care is not just about relaxation, but rather any deliberate action taken to support one's mental, physical, and emotional health. Self-care helps to reduce stress and enhance performance, making coaches more resilient and better able to handle pressure. The document highlights three outdated mindsets to avoid, such as viewing burnout as a badge of honour, and encourages coaches to make self-care a daily priority. It emphasises that self-care is essential for coaches to be in the optimal performance zone, enabling them to effectively lead and guide their athletes.SourceWhy Coach Self-Care is Essential for Better Leadership

This episode discusses clinical commentary from the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, arguing that runners and coaches should move beyond solely focusing on weekly distance when quantifying and monitoring training load. The authors explain that running distance is only one aspect of training stress and fails to capture the full picture of the mechanical, physiological, and psychological demands of running. They advocate for a more comprehensive approach that considers both external factors such as volume and pace, and internal factors such as perceived exertion and heart rate. The commentary highlights the growing use of wearable technology to measure biomechanical variables during running, which could offer a more accurate understanding of training stress and injury risk.SourceMoving Beyond Weekly Distance: Optimising Quantification of Training Load in Runners

October's Target Talent Program presentation is now available to watch on the Athletics Learning Centre! This episode of Athletics Coaching AI provides an overview of the presentation and discusses some of the key messages from the presentation.SourceAthletics Australia Target Talent Program: October 2024 (Biomechanics)

This episode discusses a research paper that explores the evolution of sprinting, from its ancient origins to modern-day techniques and training methods. The paper examines the historical development of starting and finishing techniques, delves into the physiological and neuromuscular factors involved in sprinting, and investigates the biomechanics of stride length and frequency. It also discusses different training approaches, including strength training, acceleration training, and maximum cyclic speed training. The paper concludes with an analysis of the controversy surrounding resisted and assisted sprint training, highlighting the potential benefits and risks of these techniques.

This episode explores the use of plyometrics in the training of high jumpers, specifically focusing on its application to enhancing the vertical jump performance of athletes. The discussion traces the history of plyometrics, which originated in the Soviet Union in the 1950s, and examines its scientific basis, emphasising the importance of the stretch-shortening cycle for maximizing power output. The discussion then compares plyometric training with traditional resistance training and ballistic training, highlighting the benefits of combining these methods to improve athletic performance.SourcePlyometrics and the High Jump

This article from the Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine examines the positive and negative impacts of organised youth sports in the United States. The author argues that while youth sports have numerous benefits, including improved physical health, social skills, and mental well-being, there are also serious concerns regarding the high rates of injury, the pressure to specialise in one sport at an early age, and the negative influence of some parents and coaches. The author concludes by calling for a collaborative effort between parents, coaches, educators, and policymakers to create a more positive and inclusive environment for youth sports.SourceYouth Sport: Positive and Negative Impact on Young Athletes

This episode discusses a document from the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) provides guidance on the principles of training load and its impact on performance, especially when athletes are returning to training after a period of unloading (a reduction in training load). It emphasises the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach to training planning and includes key considerations such as the athlete's training history, current health, and mental state. The document also stresses the need to understand both external and internal training load and to monitor the athlete's response to training. By considering these factors, coaches and sports science staff can create training programmes that maximise performance while minimising the risk of injury or illness.SourceTraining Load in Relation to Loading and Unloading Phases of Training

The episode summarises the presentation by Master Coach Susan Hobson and Bryce Anderson, exploring the importance of a comprehensive training program for athletes, focusing on the “whole athlete”, the role of communication, and planning. They highlight the crucial elements beyond just physical training, including nutrition, sleep, recovery, and mental health, and how these should be integrated into the program. The presentation highlights the importance of building sound habits and routines, monitoring training load, and creating a strong support team for athletes. They also address the potential for obsessive behaviour and disordered eating in athletes and provide practical strategies for coaches to promote positive nutrition and prevent these issues.SourcesThe Whole Athlete and Training Program

This episode discusses resources from the Dealing with the moment: Anti-racism in community sport course, and provides a practical guide for addressing racist incidents in community sport. It stresses the importance of immediate intervention and highlights the need to pause the game to ensure a safe environment and support the victim.SourcesDealing with the Moment - Key TermsTips to Dealing with Racism Incidents in the MomentForward Conversation CardsReflection Questions1. What is an 'active bystander', and why are they important in tackling racism in sport?An active bystander is someone who doesn't just witness racism but takes steps to address it. Unlike a passive bystander, they choose to intervene and prevent the situation from escalating. Their actions are crucial because they challenge racist behaviour directly, demonstrate solidarity with the victim, and contribute to a culture of zero tolerance for racism in sport.2. How can a 'clarifying conversation' help address a racist incident?A clarifying conversation aims to help the perpetrator understand the impact of their actions. By asking open-ended questions like "What did you mean when you said that?" or "What were you trying to achieve?", you encourage reflection and self-awareness. This approach, while not confrontational, can lead to a more meaningful understanding of the harmful nature of their behaviour.3.  Why is it important to discuss racism, even though it can be uncomfortable?Open and honest conversations about racism, despite their difficulty, are crucial for progress. They help dismantle prejudice, promote understanding, and create a safer, more inclusive environment for everyone. By engaging in these discussions, we actively contribute to a future where sport is truly equitable and just for all.4. What is the most important thing to do if you witness racism on the track?The absolute priority is to support the victim. Make sure they are okay, offer comfort, and let them know you are there for them. Demonstrating solidarity with the victim is crucial, and your presence can provide them with much-needed support during a difficult time.

This research paper explores the impact of sprint interval training (SIT) on aerobic capacity, using a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials. The authors found that SIT, involving repeated high-intensity bursts, significantly improved aerobic capacity in healthy young adults. The study concluded that SIT is an equally effective alternative to traditional endurance training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, despite requiring a much lower volume of activity.

This case study details the career of Reese Hoffa, a prominent American shot putter, jointly authored by his coach Don Babbitt and Hoffa himself. The study examines Hoffa’s training regime, its evolution over his 18-year career, and the rationale behind specific training choices, particularly in response to injuries and the demands of international competition. It offers insights into the strategies used to maintain performance consistency and achieve top-level results, highlighting the importance of careful training adaptation and recovery for long-term success.SourceA Longitudinal Examination of the Throwing Career of Reese Hoffa

This episode summarises Angus McEntyre's excellent presentation on Strength Training for Track and Field, delivered as part of the Oceania Athletics Championships for Athletics Australia.

This episode summarises the key points from the book "Conditioning Young Athletes" by Tudor O. Bompa and Sorin Sarandan. Our AI hosts discuss the importance of long-term athletic development for young athletes, emphasizing the need for age-appropriate training methods to optimise performance and prevent burnout and injury.Buy the book here!

This episode summarises an article by Di Huxley, arguing that strength and conditioning training should be incorporated into the training programs of middle- and long-distance runners, particularly junior athletes. The author contends that such training can improve running technique, reduce injury risk, and enhance performance. Huxley explores common misconceptions regarding strength training and endurance, demonstrating that they are not mutually exclusive and can, in fact, be complementary. SourceStrength and Conditioning for Middle and Long Distance Athletes - Who Needs it? 

This episode examines endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes (35 years+), based on the paper "Endurance Exercise Performance in Masters Runners" published in New Studies in Athletics.It explores the physiological factors contributing to the decline in performance with age, including decreased maximal oxygen consumption, lactate threshold velocity, and muscle mass. However, the article argues that exercise economy does not appear to be affected by age. The paper then presents training recommendations for master athletes, focusing on the use of high-intensity interval training (DHIT) as a method for maintaining or improving performance, along with the importance of integrating strength training into a training programme. The authors emphasize the need for experienced coaches and evidence-based training methods to guide master athletes seeking to enhance their performance and health.SourceEndurance Exercise Performance in Masters Runners

This research paper focuses on hamstring strains in sprinters. The study systematically investigated the first six weeks following a hamstring strain in sprinters, including clinical examinations, MRI investigations and assessments of strength and flexibility. Key findings included a strong correlation between the location of the injury, distance from the ischial tuberosity and the time to return to pre-injury level, as well as the impact of proximal tendon involvement on recovery. The study also emphasises the importance of careful palpation and MRI in predicting recovery time, highlighting the need for more extensive research on hamstring injuries.SourcesHamstring Muscle Strain in Sprinters (Askling and Thorstensson, 2008)

This episode discusses a research paper examining the biomechanics of sprint running and how these factors affect performance in the 100m race. The study explores the importance of ground reaction force (GRF), particularly its horizontal component, in determining acceleration. The authors used a motorised instrumented treadmill to measure GRF in detail and found that the ability to orient GRF forward is crucial for sprint performance, even more so than the total force produced. The study also investigates how different levels of athletes, ranging from non-specialists to world-class performers, apply force differently during sprinting. The results highlight the need for training programs that focus on both physical strength and technical skill development, specifically in orienting force forward during acceleration.SourceNew Insights into Sprint Biomechanics

In sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. This systematic review aimed to identify biomechanical factors of critical importance to the block start and subsequent first two steps performance. This AI summary covers findings from Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Trakc and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review.