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Send us Fan MailWelcome to today’s episode of AudioBoards — the first episode of our Intern Series, your crash course through the most common hospital conditions.Alcohol withdrawal occurs when a chronic heavy drinker suddenly stops or significantly reduces alcohol intake, and symptoms depend on time since the last drink.Within 6 to 36 hours, patients develop tremors, anxiety, sweating, GI upset, and tongue fasciculations.From 12 to 48 hours, risk increases for withdrawal seizures and alcoholic hallucinosis — visual or tactile hallucinations while oriented.From 48 to 96 hours is the most dangerous phase — Delirium Tremens — with confusion, autonomic instability, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, and up to 5% mortality.Why does this happen? Think of the brain like a car with two pedals.The brake is GABA — calming.The gas is glutamate — stimulating. Alcohol acts like extra GABA, slamming the brake. With chronic drinking, the brain adapts by removing GABA receptors and increasing glutamate receptors — creating tolerance. When alcohol stops, the brake is weak and the gas pedal is floored: low GABA, high glutamate. The nervous system enters overdrive, causing tremors, anxiety, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations, seizures, and delirium tremens.Severity is measured using the CIWA scale, which guides symptom-triggered treatment rather than fixed dosing.CIWA <10: outpatient care, often gabapentinCIWA 10–15: outpatient or ED with long-acting benzodiazepines like diazepam or chlordiazepoxideCIWA >15–20: inpatient symptom-triggered benzodiazepinesCIWA >20: severe withdrawal requiring intensive monitoringBenzodiazepines are preferred for self-tapering effects. In liver disease, use LOT drugs — lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam. If inadequate, phenobarbital may be added with ICU-level monitoring.Hospitalized patients receive thiamine, fluids, and nutrition to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy.Symptom-triggered dosing is preferred, with front-loading for severe withdrawal (CIWA ≥19).Dosing in chlordiazepoxide equivalents:Mild: 25–50 mg POModerate: 50–100 mg POSevere: 75–100 mg POSymptom-triggered: 25–100 mg PO every 4–6 hours when CIWA ≥10, with PRN doses. Fixed taper:Day 1 q4–6hDay 2 q6–8hDay 3 q8–12hDay 4 bedtimeOptional Day 5 bedtimeFront-loading: 50–100 mg PO every 1–2 hours until CIWA <10 or for three dosesPhenobarbital: 10 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes or 60–260 mg PO/IMThanks for listening to AudioBoards. Stay tuned for more educational content in our next episode! The views and opinions expressed on the AudioBoards Podcast do not necessarily reflect those of our employers. This podcast is for educational purposes only and should not be used to diagnose or treat any medical conditions. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified, boaAudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to today’s episode of Audio Boards, today, we’re diving into the classification of personality disorders and the available treatment options. AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome back to another episode of AudioBoards. Today, we're diving into the common sleep disorders.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome back to Audioboards. Today, we’re diving into three liver conditions that are incredibly significant: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Alcoholic Liver Disease, and Cirrhosis.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome back to Audioboards. Today, we’re diving into two common conditions: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, or IBS, and Diverticular Disease, exploring their diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to today’s episode where we’re diving into Ulcerative Colitis, exploring its symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment options.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to today’s episode where we’re diving into Crohn disease, exploring its symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, treatment options, and potential complications. AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to today’s episode where we’re diving into malabsorption disorders—conditions where the body has difficulty absorbing essential nutrients, leading to a wide range of symptoms and complications. We'll touch on the causes, types, and treatments.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to Today’s Episode!In this episode, we explore various esophageal conditions, including infectious esophagitis, pill-induced injury, eosinophilic esophagitis, and more. Tune in for key insights on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for these disorders.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to Today’s Episode!In this episode, we’re diving into Acute Upper GI Bleeding—exploring the common causes, including peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, and portal hypertension. We’ll cover how to assess and stabilize patients, key diagnostic tools, and the latest treatment strategies to manage this life-threatening condition effectively.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailIn this episode of AudioBoards, we dive into esophageal motility disorders, including achalasia, hypotonic, and hypertonic conditions. We cover what causes these issues, how they’re diagnosed, and the treatments available, from medication to surgery. AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to today’s episode, where we dive into Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). We’ll explore what causes, its symptoms, and effective treatment options. AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailIn this audio, we will discuss acute cholangitis and choledocholithiasis, focusing on key diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and management strategies.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailIn this audio, we will discuss Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC), including its diagnosis, treatment options, and potential complications.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailIn this episode, we discuss both acute and chronic forms of cholecystitis, highlighting common complications. We also cover challenges before and after gallbladder surgery.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to Today’s Episode!In this episode, we’ll explore gallstones—risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and rapid weight loss, and how they can cause symptoms like pain and obstruction. We’ll discuss when surgery is needed, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and alternative treatments like ursodeoxycholic acid. AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to Today’s Episode!In this episode, we’re diving into pancreatic tumors—covering the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options for both pancreatic cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. We’ll explore key causes, from lifestyle factors to genetic syndromes, and break down the latest diagnostic tools and therapies.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to our educational podcast! In this episode, we delve into chronic pancreatitis, a complex condition that poses significant challenges in diagnosis and management. We’ll explore the key causes—including alcohol use, genetics, and obesity—and discuss the pathophysiology that underlies this chronic disease.Join us as we review the clinical presentation, highlighting the symptoms and complications. We’ll also cover diagnostic approaches, including lab tests and imaging techniques, and treatment options, from lifestyle modifications to advanced therapies.AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine! 

Send us Fan MailWelcome to our educational podcast! In this episode, we focus on acute pancreatitis, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and management. We’ll discuss the common causes, including gallstones, alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders, along with the pathophysiology behind acute inflammation of the pancreas.Join us as we examine the clinical presentation, emphasizing key symptoms and complications that may arise. We’ll also review the diagnostic workup, including lab tests and imaging studies, to ensure accurate diagnosis and assessment. Furthermore, we’ll provide an overview of treatment, from supportive care and pain management to addressing underlying causes. AudioBoards is an audio-learning platform designed to help you review key topics and clinical vignettes while on the move. With the convenience of headphones, you can listen and learn as you go about your day—whether doing household chores, running errands or during your daily workout. This platform lets you make the most of small pockets of time, transforming mundane tasks into valuable learning opportunities.Elevate your internal medicine knowledge without letting a busy schedule hold you back. Try AudioBoards today and enhance your ability to retain important information—one audio lesson at a time.Our goal is to enhance understanding of medical principles while emphasizing that this content is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional clinical guidance. Tune in to expand your medical knowledge and stay informed about current trends in medicine!