Inflow: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats

In this episode of the INFLOW podcast, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Zack Behrendt of American Sealants, Inc. for an in-depth conversation about the critical role acrylic plays in modern aquarium design, aquatic animal life support systems, and large-scale habitat construction. From massive viewing panels and underwater tunnels to structural bonding, waterproofing, and long-term maintenance, Zack shares expert insight into the engineering challenges behind public aquariums, zoos, marine mammal habitats, and aquatic exhibits. The discussion explores how acrylic technology has evolved, why proper sealing and installation are essential for animal safety and water quality, and how operators and designers can avoid costly failures in aquarium infrastructure. Whether you work in aquarium life support systems (LSS), aquatic engineering, exhibit fabrication, public aquarium operations, or marine construction, this episode delivers valuable knowledge on acrylic systems, aquarium maintenance, exhibit longevity, and the intersection of engineering and animal care. Topics include: Aquarium acrylic panel installation Sealants and waterproofing systems Public aquarium construction Life support system design Structural engineering for aquatic exhibits Acrylic maintenance and repair Marine habitat infrastructure Water containment solutions Aquarium operations and design collaboration Challenges in large-scale aquatic facilities (2:50) - Meet Zack (5:27) - ASI Services Overview  (9:07) - Design Coordination and Engineering  (11:11) - Glass vs Acrylic Tradeoffs (14:21) - Sealing and Support Details (16:24) - Catastrophic Failures and Inspections (22:13) - Common Leaks and Dye Testing (27:33) - Underwater Seal Repair Methods (30:19) - Polishing and Scratch Tiers (34:16) - UV Aging and Refill Rate Rules  (43:25) - Robots and Cleaning Tech  (45:55) - Chemical Do and Dont List (48:00) - Career Advice and Wrap Up INFLOW is the podcast dedicated to aquatic animal life support systems, aquarium engineering, water quality, and the professionals advancing the public aquarium industry.

In this episode of Inflow, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome Tori Sipos, the Facilities & Maintenance Manager at Riverbanks Zoo and Garden. Tori shares her journey through the industry, moving from hands-on technician roles at the Georgia Aquarium to leading the broader facilities team at a premier zoo and garden. We explore the transition from "turning wrenches" on life support systems to managing the high-level logistics of an entire facility's infrastructure. Tori provides a unique look at the day-to-day responsibilities of a manager, from budgeting and administrative planning to ensuring the mechanical integrity of systems that support both animals and guests. Key topics discussed in this episode: The Path to Management: Tori's progression from an entry-level technician at the Georgia Aquarium to a leadership role at Riverbanks Zoo and Garden. Life at the Zoo: The unique challenges of overseeing facilities and maintenance in a zoo environment and the importance of a dedicated, specialized team. The Evolution of the Role: Shifting focus from daily LSS maintenance to long-term project planning, facility coordination, and departmental leadership. Building a Team Culture: The importance of mentorship, open communication, and fostering a "team-first" mentality in a high-stakes environment. Advice for Aspiring Operators: Why "putting in the work" and being a reliable team player are the best ways to advance in the aquatic life support and facilities world. Whether you are a technician looking to move into management or simply fascinated by the infrastructure required to run a world-class zoo and aquarium, Tori Sipos offers invaluable insights into the "human" side of facilities engineering. (2:38) - Tori's Career Path (4:02) - Dive Ops and Exhibit Work (6:49) - Penguin System Breakdown (8:25) - Otter System and Maintenance (10:40) - Water Quality Challenges (11:34) - Grizzly Pool and Glass Media (16:09) - Sea Lion System Overview (17:16) - RMF Perlite Filter Explained (22:36) - Maintenance and Cost Tradeoffs (25:25) - Sea Lion Clarity Wins (28:29) - Saltwater Wetlands Design (33:38) - After Hours Monitoring (41:17) - Advice and Wrap Up Learn more about our sponsors: Dryden Aqua Integrated Aqua Systems Visit them at  inflowlsspodcast.com/sponsors.

In this episode of Inflow, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Veronica Thompson, Manager of Water Quality and Life Support at the Houston Zoo. Veronica takes us through her fascinating career "arc," from her beginnings as a biologist studying algae under a microscope to managing some of the most sophisticated aquatic systems in the country. We dive deep into the operational realities of transitioning from world-class aquariums like Mystic Aquarium and The Florida Aquarium to the unique, multi-taxa challenges of a major zoo. Veronica shares how she tackled the commissioning of the Houston Zoo's "Ferrari" of life support systems—the Galapagos expansion—while animals were already in the habitat. Key topics discussed in this episode: The Learning Curve: How a background in phycology and marine sciences translates to wiring pumps and diagnosing complex hydraulic failures. Regional Challenges: From utilizing "heat tape" to survive Connecticut winters to barging in 300,000 gallons of pristine seawater from the middle of the Gulf of Mexico. Zoo vs. Aquarium LSS: Managing "moats," animal runoff, and the unique stormwater management requirements of a 100-year-old facility. The "Sand-Filter-Less" System: A technical breakdown of using hex drum filters and Defender (perlite) filters to maintain 35+ feet of visibility in a sea lion habitat. The Ozone "Bug" Turned Feature: How an unintended air entrainment issue led to a revolutionary way to keep perlite filters clean using ozonated water. Advice for the Next Generation: Why curiosity, a lack of ego, and listening to animal keepers are the most important tools in an LSS operator's belt. Whether you are interested in the granular details of perlite filtration or the high-level strategy of managing discharge permits and stormwater watersheds, this episode offers a masterclass in adaptive aquatic engineering.   (1:52) - From Marine Studies to LSS (4:34) - Nature vs Closed Systems (6:45) - Texas State Aquarium (8:01) - Tackling Algae Problems (9:50) - Mystic Aquarium Winter Lessons (14:11) - Florida Aquarium and Coral Work (15:56) - Barging Seawater Explained (18:40) - Coral Systems and Multi Species (21:40) - Why Houston Zoo Needed Her (24:44) - Finishing the Handover (27:31) - Moats and Legacy Filtration (31:12) - Outdoor Debris Challenges (33:37) - Stormwater and Wetlands (38:50) - Sea Lion LSS Breakdown (40:05) - Defender Perlite Filters (44:35) - Ozone Backflush Breakthrough (48:16) - Advice for New LSS Techs  Learn more about our sponsors: Asahi/America Aquatic Equipment and Design (AED) Visit them at inflowlsspodcast.com/sponsors. Connect with Inflow: Website: inflowlsspodcast.com

When you move from a small "jewel tank" to a multimillion-gallon habitat, the rules of life support change. In this episode of Inflow, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber dive into the world of megascale aquatic systems with industry veteran Steve Kaiser. Steve shares his extensive experience managing some of the largest aquarium systems in the world. The conversation explores the unique physics of massive water volumes, where the luxury of "dilution as a solution" meets the intense challenge of maintaining crystal-clear turbidity over long viewing distances. In this episode, we discuss: The Challenges of Scale: How managing massive systems like those at SeaWorld Abu Dhabi differs from standard aquarium operations. Water Quality & Clarity: Navigating the "path length" problem and how to keep water clear enough for guests to see through 50+ feet of depth. The Operator's Instinct: Why "spinning a wrench" and hands-on troubleshooting are still the most important skills, even in highly automated, high-tech facilities. Learning the Trade: Steve's perspective on why an LSS degree is a start, but true expertise is only built by operating systems on a daily basis. Troubleshooting Megasystems: Using voltmeters, backwashing filters, and knowing your system inside and out to prevent small issues from becoming multimillion-gallon problems. About Our Guest: Steve Kaiser is a renowned expert in the life support industry, recognized for his hands-on leadership and technical mastery in operating and scaling some of the most complex aquatic environments globally. Connect with Inflow: Website: inflowlsspodcast.com Sponsors: This episode is proudly sponsored by Cloward H2O and MAT LSS. Subscribe: Be sure to subscribe and leave us a review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify to help other LSS professionals find the show! Keywords: Life Support Systems, LSS, Steve Kaiser, Cloward H2O, MAT LSS, Large Scale Aquariums, Water Quality, Turbidity, Aquatic Engineering, Zoo Operations, AALSO, SeaWorld Abu Dhabi, Multimillion Gallon Tanks.

Is life support systems (LSS) a science, a trade, or an art? According to industry veteran Ray Davis, it's a delicate balance of all three; driven by curiosity and critical thinking. In this episode of Inflow, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Ray to discuss the "human element" of aquatic habitat management. With a career that spans design, engineering, and hands-on operations, Ray shares why the most successful exhibits aren't just built with the best hardware, but through deep collaboration between LSS operators and animal care teams. From applying the scientific method to troubleshooting complex systems to the importance of "patience with the passion" of curators, this conversation explores what it really takes to keep animals thriving and water healthy. In this episode, we discuss: The "Jack of All Trades" Mindset: Why versatility is the greatest asset for an LSS professional in a small, specialized community. Collaboration Over Conflict: Strategies for bridging the gap between technical operators and passionate animal care staff to reach a common goal. The Scientific Method in LSS: How to use critical thinking and risk assessment to solve "unsolvable" water quality and mechanical problems. Training the Next Generation: Ray's perspective on finding "gifted people" in unexpected places and teaching them the components of life support. AALSO Symposium Preview: The value of face-to-face education and building relationships with vendors and peers at the upcoming conference in Kansas City. Connect with Inflow: Website: inflowlsspodcast.com Sponsors: This episode is proudly sponsored by TJP Engineering and Telchine Energy Technologies. Subscribe: Catch every episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app to stay at the forefront of aquatic life support innovation. Keywords: Life Support Systems, LSS, Ray Davis, Aquatic Animal Care, TJP Engineering, Telchine Energy Technologies, Water Quality, Exhibit Design, Zoo Operations, AALSO, Critical Thinking, Scientific Method.

Success in aquatic animal care isn't just about water chemistry—it's about the "bricks and mortar" that hold everything together. In this episode of Inflow, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with industry veteran Steve File, a long-standing leader and former board member of AALSO. With decades of experience in facility operations and life support systems (LSS), Steve shares his perspective on why the LSS field is broadening to include everything from HVAC and electrical systems to complex concrete and rockwork fabrication. This conversation is a masterclass in bridging the gap between design, construction, and long-term operational success. In this episode, we discuss: The Evolution of LSS: How the role of the life support operator has expanded from water quality to total facility infrastructure management. Strategic Facility Planning: Steve's insights on "building for longevity" and why getting the structural details right, like rebar placement and concrete cover, is critical for animal health. The "Operator as Educator": Why LSS professionals must take the lead on job sites to ensure contractors understand the unique requirements of aquatic habitats. Career Growth & Education: Steve's advice for the next generation of operators, including the value of cross-training in trades like HVAC and plumbing. The AALSO Community: A look ahead at the upcoming symposium in Kansas City and the importance of establishing face-to-face relationships with vendors and peers. About Our Guest: Steve File is a highly respected figure in the aquatic animal industry, known for his leadership within the AALSO board and his deep expertise in the operational and structural side of zoo and aquarium facilities. (2:17) - Steve's Early Life and Military (4:52) - Water Skiing Show Stories 0 (9:50) - First Aquarium Breakthrough (14:24) - Startup Gremlins and Troubleshooting (18:51) - Hiring and Building the Ops Team (23:06) - Designing Gatlinburg Upgrades (26:07) - Choosing Filtration Direction (30:07) - Concrete Lessons Learned (32:58) - Aquatic Self Healing Mixes (38:57) - Coatings Versus Bare Concrete (42:44) - Training Crews Pour Controls (46:50) - Consulting and Startup Work (51:39) - Final Thanks and Wrap Up Connect with Inflow: Website: inflowlsspodcast.com Sponsors: This episode is brought to you by Ardura and MDM Pumps. Subscribe: Follow us on Apple Podcasts and Spotify to stay updated on the science of aquatic life support. Keywords: Life Support Systems, LSS, Aquatic Habitats, Facility Management, AALSO, Zoo Infrastructure, Aquarium Design, Animal Welfare, Water Quality, Concrete Fabrication, HVAC for Aquariums.

What happens when the worlds of facility management and life support systems (LSS) collide? In this special episode of Inflow, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber take the show on the road to the Aquarium and Zoo Facilities Association (AZFA) conference to explore the critical infrastructure that keeps aquatic habitats thriving. While LSS operators often focus on water chemistry and filtration, the AZFA community handles the "bricks and mortar", from roofing and HVAC to the structural integrity of massive exhibits. Joe and Jeff sit down with a panel of experts to discuss the unique challenges of maintaining animal environments, the importance of inter-organizational collaboration, and the evolving science of exhibit aesthetics. In this episode, we discuss: The Role of the AZFA: Understanding how the Aquarium and Zoo Facilities Association supports the professionals who build and maintain the physical world of zoos and aquariums. Collaboration Across Disciplines: Why facility managers, curators, and LSS operators must speak the same language to ensure animal welfare and operational efficiency. The "Healthy Water" Aesthetic: A deep dive into the debate over surface algae vs. crystal-clear water, and how to educate guests on what a natural, healthy aquatic environment actually looks like. Exhibit Maintenance Challenges: Real-world stories from the field, including managing polar bear and sea lion habitats, and the impact of light and shade on exhibit growth. Continuing Education: Insights from the AZFA symposium on how professional development and networking drive innovation in the industry. Featured Guests: A special thanks to our guests from the AZFA community: Holly Dempsey, John Kanzia, Robert Satchell, John Hale, and Shannon Cunningham. (1:39) - What Is AZFA (4:58) - Why Attend AZFA (10:59) - Design Assist and Four Pillars (14:06) - End Users in Design (17:57) - A Day in the Lab (24:00) - Controls and Sustainability (33:18) - Hogle Zoo LSS Tour (39:21) - Thanks and Wrap Up Connect with Inflow: Website: inflowlsspodcast.com Sponsors: This episode is proudly sponsored by Aquatic Equipment and Design (AED) and Dryden Aqua. Subscribe: Catch every episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber are joined by Andy Aiken, Director of Life Support Programs at the National Aquarium in Baltimore, for a practical, operations-first conversation on designing and running aquarium life support systems (LSS) that truly work in the real world. Andy shares decades of hands-on experience managing complex aquatic systems and explains why successful LSS design must start with the operator's perspective. The discussion covers critical topics including denitrification strategies, ozone application, water quality management, redundancy, and long-term system reliability, with a strong focus on lessons learned from daily operations—not just drawings and specifications. Listeners will learn: Why operator input is essential in LSS design and decision-making Practical approaches to denitrification and nutrient control How ozone is used safely and effectively in large aquarium systems Common gaps between design intent and operational reality How systems thinking improves animal welfare and facility performance (2:31) Meet Andy Aiken (5:59) Music detour (9:22) Breaking into the National Aquarium (10:14) Denitrification 101 (15:57) Reactor design deep dive (22:50) Operational strategy & decision checklist (26:09) Ditching Chlorine (31:40) The "Aiken Sump" Explained (38:27) Consulting Roles & the Power of Operator-Led Design Review (44:35) Final Advice for New LSS Pros + Closing Thanks Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, designer, aquarist, or facility leader, this episode delivers actionable insight into building and maintaining life support systems that are resilient, maintainable, and animal-centered.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome Todd Devlin-Perry, President of AALSO and Life Support Manager at Mystic Aquarium, for a deep dive into modern aquarium operations, workforce development, and the future of aquatic life support systems (LSS). Todd shares his journey from plumbing and pool construction to managing 2.4 million gallons of synthetic seawater at one of the country's leading aquariums. The conversation explores large-scale LSS design, backwash recovery systems, ozone disinfection, SCADA automation, and the hidden infrastructure required to support marine mammals and aquatic habitats. The episode also highlights AALSO's critical role in education, certification, and professional networking, including how conferences, workshops, and hands-on training are shaping the next generation of LSS operators. Listeners will learn: How Mystic Aquarium manages complex closed-loop life support systems Why backwash recovery and water reuse are essential in modern aquariums The intersection of engineering, biology, and animal welfare How AALSO certification and conferences advance LSS careers Practical advice for entering the aquatic life support industry Whether you're an aquarist, LSS technician, engineer, or zoo and aquarium professional, this episode delivers real-world insight into the systems—and people—that keep aquatic life thriving. (00:00) - Introduction and Acknowledgements (03:57) - Todd's Journey into LSS (06:17) - Challenges and Innovations in Aquarium LSS (08:32) - Mystic Aquarium: Operations and Systems (15:25) - Synthetic Seawater and Backwash Recovery (26:11) - Rescue and Rehabilitation Operations (29:38) - Evolution of LSS Operations (32:02) - Involvement in AALSO and Professional Growth (36:03) - Planning and Organizing Conferences (42:19) - Certification and Venue Selection (48:05) - Advice for Aspiring LSS Operators   Stay connected at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome Trevor Erdmann, Vice President of AALSO and Senior Aquarist at the Hatfield Marine Science Center, for an in-depth conversation on the evolving role of aquarists as life support system (LSS) operators. Trevor shares how modern aquarists are increasingly responsible for water quality, filtration, system troubleshooting, and operational decision-making, blurring the lines between husbandry and engineering. The discussion explores the importance of education, hands-on training, and professional certification, and how organizations like AALSO are helping shape consistent standards across the industry. Listeners will learn: Why aquarists play a critical role in day-to-day LSS operations How education and certification pathways support safer, more reliable systems The skills today's aquarists need beyond animal care How improved training directly impacts animal welfare and system performance What the future holds for LSS workforce development Whether you're an aquarist, LSS operator, engineer, or aquatic facility leader, this episode offers valuable insight into how training, certification, and cross-disciplinary collaboration are shaping the future of life support systems. Stay connected at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/   (00:00) Introduction and Sponsors (01:06) Role of an Aquarist (04:12) Trevor's Background (09:57) Building the Living Planet Aquarium (15:11) Custom Skid Systems and Water Quality (24:14) Involvement with AALSO (27:46) Dual Certification Tracks: LSS and Water Quality (31:37) Hands-On Training and Equipment Maintenance (33:53) Student Success and Career Placement (39:33) Role of Education and Training Committee (47:14) Advice for Aspiring Professionals (50:36) Conclusion and Final Thoughts

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Joe Poniatowski of Asahi/America for a deep, experience-driven conversation on life support systems (LSS) design, operations, and reliability. Joe shares a unique career journey that spans submarine systems, industrial piping, and public aquariums, offering rare insight into what happens when systems fail—and how smart design choices can prevent it. The discussion covers real-world lessons from HDPE and thermoplastic piping, pressure management, redundancy, automation limits, and why human decision-making remains critical in high-stakes aquatic environments. In this episode, you'll learn: What submarines and aquariums have in common when it comes to life support reliability How piping materials and system layout impact long-term LSS performance Why automation alone isn't enough to prevent failures Common design and operational mistakes—and how to avoid them How experience in operations shapes better engineering and material selection Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, designer, or facility manager, this episode delivers practical, hard-earned insights into building systems that protect animals, people, and facilities when failure is not an option.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber are joined by Joe Choromanski, President of Serviette, for a wide-ranging conversation on what it takes to design, operate, and scale aquarium life support systems (LSS) across multiple facilities. Drawing on decades of experience in public aquariums, Joe shares lessons learned from overseeing large, complex aquatic systems, comparing artificial and natural seawater, and adapting LSS designs to different climates, budgets, and operational realities. The discussion explores how early design decisions affect long-term reliability, animal welfare, and operating costs. Listeners will learn: Key principles for designing LSS at scale across multiple aquariums Operational differences between artificial and natural seawater systems How to balance innovation, standardization, and site-specific needs Common challenges in multi-facility aquarium operations—and how to avoid them Why experience-driven design leads to more resilient aquatic systems Whether you're an LSS engineer, aquarium operator, facility leader, or designer, this episode delivers practical insights into building durable, scalable, and biologically sound life support systems that stand the test of time.

In this episode of the INFLOW podcast, we explore how modern Life Support Systems (LSS) go far beyond filtration and plumbing. Joined by Gal Judah, Area Sales Manager at Georg Fischer, the conversation dives into the evolving role of LSS in zoos, aquariums, and aquatic facilities—where lighting, air quality, controls, and integrated infrastructure are just as critical as water. Gal shares his unique path into the LSS world through the skilled trades, offering insight into how electrical systems, advanced lighting technologies, piping solutions, and automation all intersect to support animal health, welfare, and operational reliability. The episode highlights how collaboration between operators, engineers, vendors, and designers is reshaping how facilities are built, upgraded, and maintained. Listeners will gain perspective on: How lighting and air systems directly impact aquatic and terrestrial habitats The growing technical skill set required of today's LSS professionals Why integrated system design is essential for long-term sustainability The role of manufacturers and vendors in advancing LSS innovation Whether you work in aquatic life support, zoo and aquarium operations, engineering, or facility management, this episode offers valuable insights into where the industry is headed and how rethinking LSS can lead to healthier animals and smarter facilities. 🎧 Subscribe to INFLOW on Apple Podcasts and Spotify for in-depth conversations on life support systems, aquatic engineering, and the professionals behind the world's most complex animal habitats. Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Mike Bajek, Senior Director of Life Support Systems at the Singapore Oceanarium, to explore what it takes to design, manage, and scale one of the largest and most advanced aquarium facilities in the world. Mike shares his journey from Pittsburgh to Singapore and offers a behind-the-scenes look at the engineering, innovation, and leadership required to support massive aquatic habitats housing diverse marine life. The conversation dives into the complexity of high-volume filtration systems, redundancy planning, water quality control, and the intersection of sustainability and technology in modern oceanariums. In this episode, you'll learn: What it takes to operate multi-million-gallon LSS systems at scale How the Singapore Oceanarium approaches water quality, reliability, and efficiency The role of design thinking and collaboration in large-scale aquarium projects Why leadership and long-term planning are critical in complex aquatic environments Emerging trends shaping the future of aquarium engineering and life support systems Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, designer, or aquatic facilities professional, this episode delivers valuable insights into the challenges and rewards of running life support systems on a global scale. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Mark Peacock, founder of Clean Search, to explore the unique world of hiring, recruitment, and talent development within the aquatic life support systems (LSS) industry. Mark breaks down what makes LSS roles so specialized, why organizations struggle to find qualified candidates, and how the right recruitment strategy can transform zoos, aquariums, and aquatic facilities. From essential technical skills to leadership qualities and cultural fit, this episode offers a behind-the-scenes look at building strong, reliable teams in a highly technical field. We also cover: What sets LSS and aquatic engineering roles apart from other technical positions How zoos and aquariums can attract and retain top-tier LSS talent The growing need for operator-to-engineer pathways in aquatic facilities Trends shaping the future of aquatic facility staffing and workforce development Whether you're an LSS professional, a hiring manager, or part of a zoo or aquarium operations team, this conversation provides practical insights into finding the right fit in one of the most specialized corners of the industry. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this Facility Spotlight episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Wes Schmidt, Senior Life Support Systems Technician at the Minnesota Zoo. Wes takes listeners behind the scenes of one of the most diverse and technically challenging facilities in the Midwest, where maintaining healthy aquatic environments means balancing complex life support systems (LSS), mechanical infrastructure, and Minnesota's extreme seasonal conditions. The conversation dives into: How the Minnesota Zoo manages 2 million+ gallons of water across multiple exhibits The engineering behind filtration, heating, and water circulation systems Unique challenges of operating marine and freshwater systems in cold climates The collaboration between animal care teams, engineers, and LSS operators Strategies for energy efficiency, reliability, and preventive maintenance Whether you're an LSS professional, engineer, or zoo operations enthusiast, this episode offers rare insight into the innovation, teamwork, and precision that keep aquatic life thriving year-round at the Minnesota Zoo.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with John Christiansen, Senior Project Architect at EHDD Architecture, to explore how thoughtful design and engineering come together to create world-class aquariums and aquatic facilities. With decades of experience designing some of the most recognized and sustainable public aquariums, zoos, and research centers, John shares insights into how architecture, life support systems (LSS), and animal welfare are interconnected. The conversation highlights the importance of collaboration between architects, engineers, and operators, as well as the evolving expectations around sustainability, visitor engagement, and water system design. Listeners will learn: How EHDD approaches aquarium design and master planning The relationship between architectural vision and LSS functionality Strategies for designing energy-efficient, sustainable aquatic environments What makes a facility both beautiful and biologically sound From conceptual design to operational reality, this discussion reveals how architecture can elevate the science of life support and create spaces that inspire both visitors and professionals alike. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome Nick Kaiser, Director of Facilities at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago. With over two decades of experience—from operator to engineer to director—Nick shares his unique perspective on bridging life support operations, engineering design, and sustainability at one of the nation's most iconic aquariums. The conversation dives into Shedd's ongoing 95-year-old infrastructure renovation, exploring the challenges of modernizing systems without interrupting animal care or guest experiences. Nick discusses how real-time data, automation, and collaboration between engineers and operators are shaping the future of aquatic facility management and energy efficiency. Listeners will discover: How Shedd balances innovation with historic architecture The role of data and analytics in optimizing LSS performance Strategies for energy conservation, redundancy, and reliability How teamwork between operators and engineers drives progress From hands-on valve work to leading large-scale modernization, Nick's story is a testament to the evolution of aquatic life support as both a science and an art. Stay connected with us at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Sam Courtland, founder of Integrated Aqua Systems (IAS), to explore his journey from aquaculture operations to engineering advanced aquatic systems used in research, zoos, and public aquariums. Sam shares how his early experiences working on shrimp farms and recirculating aquaculture systems shaped his vision for modular design, water management, and innovation in the aquatic life support industry. The conversation dives into how IAS evolved to serve both scientific and zoological applications, bridging the gap between aquaculture efficiency and high-end exhibit design. Together we cover: How aquaculture principles influenced modern LSS engineering The process of designing and manufacturing modular filtration systems Insights into sustainability, scaling, and system integration Why continual reinvention and collaboration drive the future of aquatic system design From humble beginnings to a leading role in the industry, this episode highlights how passion, problem-solving, and purpose can redefine what's possible in aquatic life support and system engineering. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber are joined by Rob Turnbull, ozone specialist with Telchine Energy Technologies, to explore the critical role of ozone in aquatic life support systems (LSS). Rob breaks down how ozone works as a powerful disinfectant, its impact on water clarity and pathogen control, and why it's essential for maintaining healthy environments in aquariums, zoos, and aquaculture systems. The conversation covers system design, integration with protein skimmers and pumps, and the engineering challenges of scaling ozone safely and effectively. Listeners will learn: The science of ozone generation and application in water treatment Key differences between ozone and other disinfection methods How ozone improves animal health, sustainability, and water quality Design considerations for integrating ozone into life support systems Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, or aquatic professional, this deep dive into ozone will give you practical insights into designing and maintaining clean, efficient, and reliable aquatic habitats.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Rob Cloward and Allen Clawson of Cloward H2O, one of the world's leading aquatic engineering firms. From natural hot springs and wave-generating surf parks to large-scale aquariums and zoos, Cloward H2O has been at the forefront of designing innovative water systems that blend recreation, sustainability, and animal care. Rob and Allen share insights into: The evolution of aquatic engineering across pools, fountains, waterparks, and life support systems Behind-the-scenes of projects like Deep Dive Dubai and SeaWorld Abu Dhabi The balance between water quality, guest experience, and animal health The challenges of scaling designs for attractions visited by millions worldwide (3:43) - Rob and Allen's LSS Background (7:04) - Cloward Deep Dive (12:45) - Hot Springs (20:25) - Modelings (27:19) - Similarities and Differences with LSS (30:51) - Turnover of Sheer Water Volumes (33:00) - Tampa Zoo (34:37) - System Redundancies (38:09) - Coordination with Operators   Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/  

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Amy Stone, an experienced aquatic systems designer whose career bridges aquaculture, aquaponics, and life support system (LSS) design. Amy shares her journey from raising fish to leading Aquatic Equipment & Design. The conversation also pays tribute to the late Stewart McDaniel, honoring his impact and legacy in the aquatic life support community. Amy discusses what she learned from Stewart, how those lessons continue to shape her work, and why mentorship is critical for the next generation of professionals. Listeners will gain insights into: The design and engineering of aquatic filtration and skid systems The crossover between aquaculture, aquaponics, and zoological LSS Sustainability practices and efficiency in system design The value of mentorship and community in advancing the field (1:14) - Remembering Stewart McDaniel (5:11) - Amy's LSS Background (9:21) - The Journey of Aquatic Equipment and Design  (17:35) - Multi-Species Habitats (22:57) - Aquaponics   Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this INFLOW Facility Spotlight, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Keith Hacke, Director of Facilities at the Philadelphia Zoo. From building Long Beach and Georgia Aquarium to managing 170+ years of infrastructure at America's oldest zoo, Keith shares insights on life support system design, sustainability, and the challenges of modernizing historic facilities while supporting animal care. (2:58) - Keith's LSS Backstory (7:25) - Long Beach Aquarium of the Pacific (15:05) - Georgia Aquarium and Facilities Management (22:22) - UV Lamps (24:54) - HEPA Filtration (29:58) - Philadelphia Zoo and Facilities Management   Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Austin Calpin, Curator of Life Support and Water Quality at the Kansas City Zoo & Aquarium. Austin shares his unique journey from high school aquarium science programs to leading one of the newest, most advanced facilities in the U.S. We explore: Austin's career path through major aquariums and construction projects Behind-the-scenes innovations in life support system (LSS) design The Kansas City Zoo & Aquarium's cutting-edge use of drum filters, ozone strategies, and automation How sustainability and efficiency are reshaping aquatic habitats Preparing for the future of LSS education and certification Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal and Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome special guest Chris Warner of Aquatic Environmental Systems. Chris shares his remarkable story—from growing up across continents to becoming a commercial diver and eventually a pioneer in aquarium life support systems. Discover how a diving accident unexpectedly launched Chris into the world of public aquariums, leading him to build and manage Australia's earliest systems using little more than ingenuity and necessity. Chris recounts the gritty early days of running a small aquarium in Sydney Harbor—battling raw sewage inflows, engineering semi-closed systems with sand spears, and building some of the first protein skimmers and foam fractionators in the industry. This episode dives deep into Chris's approach to filtration design, ozone use, and the importance of bubble size, plus how his experience helped shape systems at institutions like Sea World Australia, Ocean Park Hong Kong, and Singapore's S.E.A. Aquarium. It's a fascinating conversation on problem-solving, learning from nature, and the evolution of aquatic systems through practical innovation. Don't miss this inspiring and technical conversation with one of the field's most experienced voices. Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com  

Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber dive deep into the world of aquatic life support systems (LSS) with special guest David LaBonne, a pioneering microbiologist and former Director of Facilities at the National Aquarium in Baltimore. David shares his remarkable journey from microbiology and immunodiagnostics to redefining how public aquariums approach water chemistry, ozone disinfection, and microbiome management. From early challenges with coliform counts and ozone tower inefficiencies to introducing data-driven filtration protocols and backwash recovery, David has shaped the modern aquatic systems landscape. 💡 In this episode, we cover: (4:42) - David's LSS Journey (8:19) - David's View of the Microbiome (13:48) - Being a Volunteer Diver (18:17) - A Lab Person's Point of View of LSS (25:56) - Evolution of Ozone (38:55) - Problem Solving INFLOW is the podcast where aquatic engineers, biologists, and life support experts share knowledge, solve problems, and explore the evolving science of water-based habitats. 🔔 Don't forget to subscribe, rate, and share if you want more cutting-edge insights from leaders in the aquatic world. #AquariumLifeSupport #OzoneDisinfection #WaterChemistry #AquaticMicrobiology #ZooAndAquarium #AquacultureEngineering #ColiformCounts #Biofilms #SandFilters #PublicAquariums #INFLOWPodcast Stay connected at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

We're excited introduce our new Facility Spotlight series! Hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber go in-depth on the Maritime Aquarium in Norwalk, Connecticut, with a behind-the-scenes conversation featuring Erik Holmberg, Associate Director of Life Support. Erik shares his hands-on journey from general maintenance to LSS leadership, detailing his role in system upgrades, daily operations, emergency responses, and long-term infrastructure improvements. From retrofitting 30-year-old systems to pioneering backwash recovery and ozone contact upgrades, Erik walks us through what it really takes to keep complex aquatic habitats running smoothly with a small but mighty team. We've got helpful insights for operators, facility managers, and designers—from choosing media and managing turnover rates to advocating for capital projects. If you're passionate about aquatic animal health, system reliability, or making the most of limited resources, this is a must-listen. (2:13) - Erik's LSS Background (7:39) - Maritime Aquarium Background (9:57) - Backwash Recovery and Water Reprocessing (14:10) - Staff and Problem Solving (22:33) - Making the Case for Upgrades (29:00) - Filters (39:57) - AALSO 🔧 Sponsored by Aquatic Equipment and Design, and Ardurra. 🌐 Stay connected at inflowlsspodcast.com.

In this episode, hosts Joe and Dr. Jeff sit down with Holly and Beau Dempsey, the dynamic duo behind Longhorn Organics, a specialty LSS construction firm transforming how aquariums and aquatic exhibits are built. 🎙️ We dive deep into what sets LSS construction apart from traditional mechanical contracting, the critical role of contractor-owner communication, and how specialty contractors bridge the gap between general construction and highly technical biological filtration systems. We cover: (3:03) - Holly & Beau Background (10:04) - Working with Owners and Contractors (15:36) - Bid Process (19:06) - RFI Process (27:33) - Educating Throughout Process (31:53) - Operation & Maintenance Manuals (38:11) - Trade Shows   Stay connected with INFLOW at inflowlsspodcast.com   Episode Sponsors: MDM Pumps and TJP Engineering

In this episode we take a quick look back on the early days of LSS with Terri Johnson, President and CEO at TJP. Terri shares stories from her early days at ENARTEC and then we focus our discussion on how Terri meets the needs of her clients and the LSS innovations that pique her interests. We discuss: (2:34) - Terri's LSS Origin Story (8:58) - SeaWorld Texas and Removing Ammonia From Systems (13:57) - Background on TJP Engineering (15:25) - Introducing Innovative Ideas (22:28) - Reducing Reliance on Sand Filters and Saving Water & Energy (26:56) - Footprint Needed for LSS vs. Habitat Size (29:58) - Wetlands Systems (38:02) - Cold Water Denitrification   Stay connected with INFLOW at inflowlsspodcast.com

How can we maintain healthy habitats for our aquatic animals? Veteranarian Dr. Brian Joseph joins us for a in-depth discussion on animal health. Together we cover: (3:42) - Dr. Joseph's Background (8:45) - Collaborating with LSS Operators (10:40) - Salinity For Marine Mammal Health (17:28) - Nitrates and Denitrification (23:40) - System Monitoring (27:33) - Vibration Mitigation (32:20) - Current Projects (36:18) - Advice   Have a question you want answered on the show? Click here to leave us a question or comment: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/contact

Our focus this episode is all on sustainability and what that means in the LSS world. We are joined by Mark Fisher, Vice President of Facilities Planning and Sustainability at the Cincinnati Zoo, who shares how focusing on sustainability transformed American's second oldest zoo. Together we discuss:    (4:40) - Mark Fisher's Background (8:51) - LSS Staff Duties (13:10) - Bringing Sustainability to the Cincinnati Zoo (23:35) - Staff Buy-In (33:11) - Elephant Trek (42:18) - AZFA & AALSO   Have a question you want answered on the show? Click here to leave us a question or comment: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/contact

In this episode of INFLOW, we look at LSS from an international perspective as we welcome special guest Mike De Maine. Mike shares stories from projects in South Africa, Darbin, Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Together we discuss:   (5:03) - Mike's LSS Story (10:14) - Finding International LSS Jobs (11:24) - Transitioning from Academics to LSS Operations (15:46) - De-Nitrification in Dubai (18:54) - SWAD Design (26:14) - Europe/Asia vs. US Operators & Design (34:12) - Glass vs. Sand Media (40:43) - Recap   We want to hear from you! Send in your questions or leave a voice message here: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/contact

In this episode of INFLOW, we explore the importance of pumps in LSS as we welcome Ben Ashe of MDM Pumps. Together we discuss: (3:00) - Ben's LSS Background (9:45) - Saltwater and Corrosive Chemicals (12:50) -  Pump Basics (16:30) - Choosing a Pump for an Application (18:45) - Variable Drive Componments (22:00) - VFD's Issues (25:00) - How VFD Works (28:00) - Pump Curve (31:00) - Head issues (34:00) - Online Tool for Pump Choice (36:00) - Preventative Maintenance (39:00) - Pump Rebuilds (40:00) - Interaction with Customers (43:00) - Saudi Arabia   Stay connected with INFLOW at inflowlsspodcast.com.

In our first episode since AALSO 2025, we welcome Roger Phillips as our guest for this episode. We discuss Roger's time as Director of Applied Research at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and go in-depth on their facility. We cover: (4:10) - Roger's Start in LSS (13:40) - Treating Water Coming In (21:46) - Unique Relationship with Operators (33:55) - Off-site Holding Facility   Stay connected with INFLOW at inflowlsspodcast.com.

As we continue our look at the history of LSS, we now turn to the importance of controls and automation. We are joined by Jim Ring, President of RCK Controls, and we discuss Jim's start at Sea World, discovering standards that still apply today and how we've made our systems smarter over time. We cover:   3:02 - Jim's Start in LSS 11:48 - Pumping Less Water for Better Quality 21:51 - First Time Controlling a System 30:48 - Building a Controls Staff 37:18 - Heat Stress and Energy 40:40 - History of RCK Controls   Stay connected with INFLOW at inflowlsspodcast.com.

We continue our look at the history of LSS and in this episode, Joe and Dr. Jeff turn their focus to water quality. They welcome Michael Tucker to the show, who most recently served as Director of Animal Life Support Systems for SeaWorld. Together they cover: (2:36) - Michael's Beginnings in LSS (15:56) - Building a Flexible Team (20:15) - AALSO Certification (24:56) - Designer and Operator Dynamics (33:15) - Advice for LSS Newcomers Stay connected to INFLOW at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

We welcome George Tenhagen on our latest episode of INFLOW, as we start with a discussion on his time at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay. We then focus on his career change to the vendor-side of LSS, in his role at Asahi/America. We cover:   (3:14) - George's Entry into LSS (8:20) - Busch Gardens Edge of Africa (12:25) - Busch Gardens and SeaWorld (20:47) - Operators and Designers Cooperation (24:19) - Going From Operator to Vendor (31:07) - His Time Leading AALSO   Stay connected to INFLOW at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

How are life support systems brought to life? We go inside the design drawing process as we speak with Bob Richardson. Bob began his career as a designer at ENARTEC and together we cover: (2:30) - Bob's Back Story (8:20) - How To Get Started With The Design Process (15:00) - Designing With CAD (22:39) - Designers Coordinating With Operators (24:40) - Evolution of Design Stay connected to INFLOW at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

We welcome Dennis Either, Director of Plant Engineering at the Wildlife Conservation Society New York Aquarium and President of AALSO. In this episode, we discuss the differences between maintaining zoos versus aquariums, as well as the pivotal role AALSO plays in the LSS community.  We cover: (3:44) - Dennis's LSS Story (10:25) - Transitioning from Zoos to Aquariums (18:29) - Involvement with Design as an Operator (26:24) - AALSO (33:04) - Certifications   Stay connected to INFLOW at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

Joe and Dr. Jeff continue their historical look at life support systems as they welcome Joel Johnson, Chief Engineer for TJP Engineering. Joel shares his LSS journey which includes working at ENARTECH and also his involvement with SeaWorld's Wild Arctic exhibit. They cover: (4:53) - Joel's Entry Into LSS (14:24) - Wild Arctic at Sea World (19:41) - Story Behind John Linn's Hiring at ENARTEC (22:49) - SeaWorld Texas and Project Innovations (31:20) - Trickling Filter Concept and Bio Balls Stay connected to INFLOW at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

Joe and Dr. Jeff welcome Paul Cooley, Aquatics Director at PC Aquatics/Ardurra. Together they cover: (1:42) - Paul's backstory  (3:30) - Living Seas   (18:27) Fractionators and Major LSS Changes   (23:25) - The Rule of Thumb   Stay connected to INFLOW at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

We continue our look at the history of aquatic animal life support systems with another episode with John Linn, Advisor to SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment. John tells the story of ENARTEC, an early innovator in the LSS space. We cover: (0:22) - Origin of ENARTEC and Key Early Employees  (5:30) - Early LSS Engineering (10:30) - SeaWorld San Antonio  (14:05) - Process Flow Diagrams (16:36) - Nitrification and Denitification (23:15) - Ozone (28:42) - Leaving ENARTEC for SeaWorld   Stay connected with us at inflowlsspodcast.com

In our premier episode, Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber take a look at the history of aquatic animal life support systems and welcome guest John Linn, Advisor to SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment. Together they explore how LSS workers got into the industry in the early days and how the industry has evolved. We cover: (0:52) - Dr. Jeff's Background (3:24) - Joe's LSS Background (5:00) - Rapid Evolution of LSS (8:00) - John Linn's Background (12:30) - Early Years of LSS (16:50) - Creating an LSS Education   Don't miss out on our future episodes. Be sure to subscribe and find more information at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/