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Text the show! Episode Resources & Quick LinksRecommended Reading: The Holy Roman Empire in the 18th Century and Wurttemberg in the 18th Century by Peter WilsonEpisode SummaryWas the Holy Roman Empire really "not holy, not Roman, and not an empire"? Hosts Dr. Alexander Burns deconstruct Voltaire’s famous quip to reveal a sophisticated, decentralized political system that governed German Central Europe for centuries. This episode moves past the "Byzantine complexity" to explain how this 1,000-year-old institution functioned as a loose federal system.In this deep dive, we explore the intense internal friction as states jockeyed for power, the strange operational realities of fielding the multi-national Reichsarmee , and the major turning points that defined the empire in this century. Discover how a system built on local autonomy and checks and balances survived internal strife and external threats until the era of Napoleon.Episode Highlights & Timestamps[00:00] – Introduction: Why the HRE is more than just a "complex nightmare".[05:30] – Federalism on Steroids: Comparing the HRE to the American federal system.[15:15] – The Electoral College: How the Kurfürsten (Electors) selected the Emperor.[25:00] – Habsburg Dominance: Why the "900-pound gorilla" stayed at the apex of power.[35:45] – The Three Germanies: A Cold War framework for 18th-century politics.[48:00] – The Rainbow Army: The logistics and effectiveness of the Reichsarmee.[1:05:00] – Hinge Moments: From the 1740 Prussian seizure of Silesia to the 1806 collapse.Key Takeaway: The "Three Goals" of the StateWhether a "minnow" microstate or the mighty Habsburgs, every state in the Empire pursued three primary objectives: preserving the dynasty, defending existing territory, and increasing status (such as becoming an Elector). This shared sentiment, known as Reichspatriotismus, allowed the Empire to preserve the autonomy of small states against centralization, a feature that many 18th-century citizens viewed as a safeguard of liberty.Related EpisodesEp 31: Snow and Iron: The Battle of MollwitzEp 17: The Battle of Soor (1745): How Frederick the Great Escaped a MassacreHelp us grow! If you enjoyed this deep dive, please share this episode with a friend! This helps other history enthusiasts find our show.Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! It has been an incredible twelve months of deep dives, research, and podcasting. Today, Lee, Alex, and Andrew are taking a step back from the 18th century to take a personal look at everything that has happened with Prime & Load over the past year. We want to take this opportunity to reflect on how much the show has grown, share our favorite moments from behind the mic, and talk candidly about what it takes to put these episodes together.Most importantly, this episode is a huge thank you to everyone who listens. We're breaking down where the podcast is heading next and giving you a sneak peek at the new historical topics we plan to tackle in the coming year.Topics Discussed:The Year in Review: A personal look back at our last 12 months of producing the show and how our approach has evolved.Standout Moments: Lee, Alex, and Andrew each share their favorite episodes, specific moments, and the most surprising things they learned this year.The Road Ahead: A preview of the historical campaigns, new ideas, and structural goals we are planning for the next year of the podcast.Episodes ReferencedEp 15: Naval Warfare in the 18th Century with Dr. Sam CavellEp 29: Fight for the Steppe: The Russo-Ottoman WarsEp 30: A Failure of Command: The British Disaster at CartagenaEp 21: Glorious Soldiers: The 8th Virginia Regt with Gabe NevilleWar Room: Empty Coffers and Standing Armies: The Polish Military of the 18th CenturyIf you want to support the show and get access to exclusive, uncut deep dives, join us in our private Patreon War Room.Join the Patreon War RoomLeave a Message: Want to help us grow the show in the new year? Call or text us at (716) 299-8426 and leave a quick review of why you listen!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Episode Resources & Member LinksUnlock the Full Uncut EpisodeJoin the NewsletterRecommended Reading: Culloden by Murray Pittock The 45 by Christopher DuffyEpisode SummaryIs the "Highland Charge" a romantic myth? In this edited episode of Prime and Load, we welcome back Dr. Aaron Johnston to deconstruct the final, bloody hours of the 1745 Jacobite Rising. While pop culture paints a picture of wild highlanders charging heroically into fire, the reality was a complex story of a "ticking clock," dwindling supplies, and a catastrophic breakdown in commandWe trace the Jacobite army’s retreat through the bitter winter of 1746, the strategic importance of Inverness, and the high-stakes decision to stand on Dromozi Moor. This episode provides a vital overview of the Duke of Cumberland’s disciplined offensive and the failed night march to Nairn, which left the Jacobite forces exhausted on the morning of their most critical engagementLooking for the full tactical breakdown? This edited version is a teaser for our deep-dive analysis. To hear the uncut discussion on administrative failures, the "lost" regiments of the North, and the debunking of the "Italian Coward" myth, join the Prime & Load! War Room.Meet the ExpertDr. Aaron Johnston: A leading military historian specializing in the Jacobite Rebellions. His research focuses on the tactical capabilities and social motivations of the 18th-century Highland armiesEpisode Timestamps (Edited Version)[00:00] – Introduction: Stripping away the legends of Culloden[05:30] – The Ticking Clock: Why the Jacobites were running out of time and money[15:45] – British Offensive: Cumberland’s march and the defense of the River Spey[25:00] – Choosing the Field: Why the Jacobites chose Dromozi Moor over the River Nairn[40:15] – The Night March: The "breadcrumb trail" of a failed surprise attack14.[55:30] – Deployment: Arming the Highlanders—musket, sword, and targe[1:10:00] – Final Hours: The reality of the charge and the battlefield casualtiesUnlock the Full Uncut ExperienceOur premium listeners get access to an additional 30+ minutes of exclusive content not found in this version, including:Logistical Failures: The sickness of John Murray of Broughton and how administrative collapse doomed the armyThe Battle of Little Ferry: A detailed lSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! In the spring of 1741, the Austrian high command looked at the Prussian Army and saw a joke. To the battle-hardened veterans of the Habsburg Empire, Frederick II’s men were nothing more than a parade-ground army obsessed with perfect drill, but completely untested in the mud and blood of real combat.At the Battle of Mollwitz, the Austrians intended to brush them aside. And for a moment, it looked like they had.This week on Prime & Load, Dr. Alex Burns takes the lead to dissect the harsh tactical realities of the battle that launched the Prussian military machine. We explore the fatal contempt the Austrian commanders held for their enemy, the devastating shock action of the Austrian cavalry, and the infamous moment a panicked, young Frederick the Great fled the field, believing his army was destroyed.But most importantly, we look at how the unbroken lines of Prussian infantry stood their ground and changed the course of the battle.Topics Discussed:The Austrian Hubris: Why the Habsburg veterans drastically underestimated the Prussian war machine.Shock Action: The devastating charge of the Austrian heavy cavalry that broke the Prussian horse.The King Who Ran: Frederick II's disastrous personal showing and the harsh lessons he learned.The Infantry Holds: How the mechanical, rapid-fire drill of the Prussian infantry saved the day and revolutionized 18th-century tactics.In the War Room (The Uncut Episode): For our Plank Owners and War Room members, we go far beyond the tactical battlefield in this extended cut. If you want the true "graduate-level" breakdown of the 1741 campaign, we look under the hood at the broader geopolitics and logistics of the region, discussing:The Silesian Prize: The specific grand strategy and economic reasons Frederick the Great risked everything to take Silesia from the Habsburgs.The Ground They Fought On: A detailed look at the terrain of Silesia and how its geography dictated the friction of the campaign.The People in the Crossfire: Who actually lived in Silesia, and how the local demographics reacted to the Prussian invasion.Cavalry Woes: A breakdown of the true effectiveness (and initial failures) of the Prussian cavalry before Frederick reformed them.The Geopolitical Chessboard: The political makeup, alliances, and standing of the Central European states that set the stage for the War of the Austrian Succession.Hosts: Lee Gugino, Dr. Alex Burns, and Andrew Bamford.Producer: Lee GuginoPrime & Load! is a Historic Studios PodcastSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Decades before the American Revolution or the Seven Years' War, the British Empire assembled an armada of over 180 ships and 30,000 men. Their target: the Spanish stronghold of Cartagena de Indias. It was the largest expeditionary force the British had ever assembled, and it was supposed to be a crushing blow in the War of Jenkins' Ear.Instead, it became a masterclass in the friction of war.Today on Prime & Load, we are joined by historian Tom Golding-Lee to dissect the catastrophic 1741 expedition against Cartagena. We look under the hood at the sheer scale of logistics required to project British power across the Atlantic, the brand-new regiments raised specifically for this campaign, and the stubborn Spanish defense that bled the attackers dry. Above all, we examine the toxic, hostile relationship between Admiral Edward Vernon and General Thomas Wentworth.Topics Discussed:The Logistical Nightmare: How the British managed one of the largest amphibious operations of the 18th century prior to the 1770s.The Green Hell: The unique tactical challenges of jungle combat and the devastating impact of tropical diseases.Command Friction: The bitter rivalry between the Army and the Royal Navy that crippled operational effectiveness.The Defenders: How the Spanish garrison utilized the terrain, fortifications, and time to hold the line against impossible odds.In the War Room (Over 40 Minutes of Uncut Audio): For our Plank Owners, Aide-de-Camp, and War Room members, we have an absolute massive uncut version of this episode with over 40 minutes of extra interview content. In this exclusive deep dive, we discuss:The American Perspective: How the colonies viewed the expedition and the specific role of the American provincial troops.Imperial Strategy: The geopolitical importance of the Caribbean to both the British and Spanish empires.Order of Battle: A closer, more detailed look at the composition of the British forces.The Seeds of Revolution: How the treatment of American troops and the campaign's failure may have effected the colonies' view of Great Britain.Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! When we think of 18th-century warfare, our minds usually jump to the fields of Flanders, the forests of North America, or the rolling hills of Central Europe. But while the Western powers were fighting over border forts and overseas colonies, a completely different scale of war was raging in the East.Across the vast, unforgiving expanse of the Pontic Steppe, the Russian and Ottoman Empires were hurling hundreds of thousands of men at each other in a fight for control over the region that is modern-day Ukraine and southern Russia.In this episode, Lee Gugino, Dr. Alex Burns, and Andrew Bamford turn their attention East to the monumental Russo-Turkish Wars of the mid-to-late 18th century. We are joined by historian and author Dave Watson, known on social media as "Balkan Dave", to discuss his fantastic new book covering these massive campaigns.Together, we step away from Western Europe to explore the massive armies and economic systems that clashed in the East. We break down the contrasts in military doctrine, the logistical challenges of supplying an army across a sea of grass, and the brutal reality of fighting for the Steppe.Topics Discussed:The Eastern Theater: The sheer scale and geography of the Pontic Steppe and how it effected the conflicts.The Russian War Machine: How the expanding Russian Empire learned from wars in the west and how it applied them in the east.The Ottoman Army: Breaking down the Order of Battle (OOB) for the Ottoman forces.Economic Warfare: The underlying financial and logistical systems that fueled these massive imperial collisions.In the War Room (Uncut Episode): For our War Room members, the full unedited conversation includes:The Black Sea Fleets: A deep dive into the Russian and Ottoman navies. We discuss the massive shipbuilding efforts required by both empires to control the coastlines and the tactical realities of 18th-century naval combat in the East.The Ottoman Decline: The structural and doctrinal reasons why the Ottoman military machine began to falter in the latter half of the century. We look past the standard narrative to examine the specific institutional friction points that led to their battlefield setbacks.Guest: Dave Watson ("Balkan Dave"), author and military historian specializing in the 18th-century Russo-Turkish conflicts.Recommended Reading The Struggle for the Pontic Steppe: Russo-Ottoman Wars 1768-1792By: Dave WatsonOttoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire BesiegedBy: Virginia AksanThe Early Modern Ottomans: Remapping the EmpireBy: Virginia Aksan & Daniel GoffmanSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! January 1746. The Jacobites have just won another stunning victory at Falkirk Muir. But instead of marching south, Bonnie Prince Charlie finds himself overruled by his war council and forced into a controversial retreat back into the Highlands.History often jumps straight from the victory at Falkirk to the tragedy at Culloden, ignoring the critical months in between. But the war did not stop.In this episode of Prime & Load, Lee Gugino, Dr. Alex Burns, and Andrew Bamford are joined once again by Dr. Arran Johnston to shine a light on the "Small Wars" of 1746. We explore the complex, aggressive campaign waged by the Jacobites to seize the initiative in the Highlands while the main armies maneuvered.From the dramatic Rout of Moy to the Siege of Fort Augustus and the audacious Raids in Atholl, we break down how this period set up the Jacobite Army for its final fight for the highlands.In the War Room (Uncut Episode): For our Plank Owners and War Room members, the full unedited conversation goes deeper into the strategic mind of the rising, including:The Prince's Fury: A look at Charles Edward Stuart’s personal reaction to the retreat, his anger, his sense of betrayal, and the widening rift with his commanders.Retreat as a Weapon: How the Jacobite leadership repeatedly managed to turn retreats into strong strategic positions, baffling government commanders.The Anatomy of the Army: We break down the specific composition of the force in 1746.Join the War Room on Patreon!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! In the English-speaking world, we often view the French Army through the single lens of the Seven Years' War. We see the disaster: the loss of Canada, the retreat from India, and a reputation left in tatters.But this is a dangerously limited view of the 18th-century French War Machine. To judge them only by their defeats is to miss how they defined the very art of war for the rest of Europe.In this episode, Lee Gugino, Dr. Alex Burns, and Andrew Bamford are joined by Dr. Jonathan Abel, Associate Professor of Military History at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC).Together, we examine the "Gold Standard" of the 18th century. We discuss how the Royal French Army actually functioned, from the complex systems used to man its ranks to the massive logistical engine that kept it moving. We explore how this institution became the aspiration for the rest of the world, influencing military doctrine from Prussia to the American colonies.Topics Discussed:The "Gold Standard": How the French Army became the model for the rest of Europe.Logistics & Supply: The sophisticated systems required to feed the largest army in Europe.Modern Application: How Dr. Abel uses 18th-century history to train modern officers at the CGSC.In the War Room (Uncut Episode): For our Plank Owners and War Room members, the full unedited conversation includes a deeper dive into the intellectual life of the officer corps, including:Doctrine Wars: The internal debates on how to fight (Line vs. Column).National Character: The French perspective on the "martial spirit" of their British and Prussian rivals.Merit vs. Birth: The struggle to introduce meritocracy into an aristocratic officer corps.Guest: Dr. Jonathan Abel, Associate Professor of Military History at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.Guibert: Father of Napoleon's Grande Armée By Dr. Jonathan AbelSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! How do you turn the chaos of an 18th-century battlefield into a set of rules? How do you simulate the "fog of war" that plagued commanders like the Duke of Cumberland or Marshal Saxe?In this special episode of Prime & Load, we explore the art and science of Historical Wargaming.We are joined by Rich Hamilton and Gary McClellan from Wargame Design Studio (WDS). We dive deep into their origin stories, how they went from history enthusiasts to professional game designers, and the incredible amount of research required to build the most historically accurate games on the market. We discuss the challenge of "translating" history into gameplay, the importance of accuracy, and how wargames serve as a tool to understand the friction of command.Topics Discussed:Origin Stories: How Rich and Gary turned a passion for military history into a career in game design.The Translation Layer: The difficult process of turning historical accounts into game mechanics.Obsessive Detail: The level of research required to map terrain, uniform colors, and unit capabilities for the War of the Austrian Succession.Simulation vs. Game: Balancing historical realism with playability.Exclusive Listener Offer: We have partnered with Wargame Design Studio for a special offer. Use the link below for an exclusive discount code for their War of the Austrian Succession video game. Offer good until Jan 25th.Links: https://wargameds.com/blogs/news/game-of-the-week-january-19-25Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! The retreat from Derby was not the end of the Jacobite Rising, it was a tactical realignment. Following a highly disciplined and orderly withdrawal from England, the Jacobite Army arrives in Glasgow not as a broken force, but as a growing threat.In this episode, we examine a Jacobite army at its peak strength: refitted, reinforced by fresh Highland reinforcements, and bolstered by the arrival of French regulars and gold. The tactical situation has never looked brighter for the Stuarts as they lay siege to Stirling Castle and prepare to meet General Hawley on the rainy moors of Falkirk.We are joined once again by historian and author Dr. Arran Johnston to break down the final major victory of the '45.Topics Discussed:The Discipline of Retreat: Why the march back from Derby was a military success, not a failure.The French Connection: The arrival of the Royal Écossais and the Irish Pickets.The Siege of Stirling: Blunders, terrain challenges, and the failure of the artillery.Prince Charles Edward: The shifting morale and darkening mood of the Young Pretender.The Battle of Falkirk Muir (1746): How a blind thunderstorm and a Highland charge led to a chaotic Jacobite victory.In the War Room (Uncut Episode): For our Plank Owners and War Room members, the full unedited conversation features over 40 minutes of extra history, including:The French Connection: A specific breakdown of the foreign troops, including the Royal Écossais and the Irish Pickets."Hangman" Hawley: A profile on the brutal and controversial British commander, General Henry Hawley.The Mastermind: The story of the unsung mastermind behind Jacobite logistics who kept the army moving through the Scottish winter.Join The War Room Here!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! On New Year’s Eve 1775, in the midst of a blinding blizzard, the Continental Army launched an assault on the fortress city of Quebec. It was the climax of the first major offensive of the American Revolution, a bold attempt by Congress to seize the "14th Colony" and drive the British Empire off the continent.In this episode, we are joined by Dr. Paul Knight to break down the 1775 Invasion of Canada. We analyze the strategic logic behind the invasion, the brutal operational difficulties faced by Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery (from smallpox to starvation), and the tactical reality of the street fighting in the Lower Town.In this episode, we cover:Why the Continental Congress authorized an invasion of Canada.The logistical nightmare of moving an army through the Maine wilderness.General Guy Carleton’s defense of the city.The disastrous assault on December 31, 1775.🔓 The Full Uncut Episode, available now in The War Room, we go even deeper. We discuss:The Shadow of 1759: How Wolfe’s victory in the Seven Years' War affected the 1775 American battle plan.The Canadian Militia: Who actually defended Canada? We break down the makeup of the French-Canadian irregulars.Carleton’s Command: A profile of the British commander who saved Canada.Become a member of The War Room to get the full storySupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! December 15, 1745. In the freezing snow outside Dresden, the Second Silesian War came to a bloody conclusion. The Battle of Kesselsdorf is often overshadowed by Frederick the Great’s personal victories, but it was arguably the most decisive engagement of the war.In this episode of Prime & Load, hosts Lee Gugino, Dr. Alex Burns, and Dr. Andrew Bamford break down the brutal clash between the Prussian Army and the Saxon forces defending their capital.Drawing on the work of historian Dr. Alexander Querengässer, we analyze:The Command Feud: The toxic relationship between Frederick the Great and his 69-year-old commander, Leopold I (The Old Dessauer), who had to win the battle to save his reputation.The Saxon Perspective: Why this was a uniquely Saxon fight and how their supply lines forced them into a defensive corner.The Tactical Trap: How the Prussians used as unconventional tactic to lure the Saxons out of their strong defensive positions and into a slaughter.Join the War Room: Want to vote on our next Deep Dive? Join us on Patreon to become a Plank OwnerReferenced MaterialKesselsdorf 1745: Decision in the Fight for Silesia by Alexander Querengässer Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! December 1745. The Highland Army is at Derby. They have marched over 100 miles into English territory, outmaneuvering two British field armies along the way. They are just days away from London. The Stuart cause has never been closer to victory.But at the very moment of their greatest advantage, the army halts.In Part III of our Jacobite Rising series, hosts Dr. Alex Burns, Dr. Andrew Bamford and Lee Gugino are joined by our returning guest Dr. Aaron Johnston to break down the "High Water Mark" of the rebellion.We move beyond the myths of panic in the capital to analyze the cold strategic realities that faced Bonnie Prince Charlie. This is the story of a daring invasion, the complex politics of French support, and the fateful Council of War that changed the course of British history.In this episode, we dissect:The Invasion Route: How the Jacobites managed to slip past superior British forces to reach the heart of the Midlands.The French Factor: The arrival of the Royal Écossais and the strategic hesitation across the channel.The Council at Derby: We take you inside the room for the heated debate between the Prince and Lord George Murray. Was the retreat a failure of nerve, or the only military option left?🎧 Want the Full, Uncut Episode? The main episode covers strategic decision making, but we had to cut nearly 40 minutes of deep-dive analysis and alternate history. Join us as an Aide-de-Camp in the Prime & Load! War Room on Patreon to hear the Uncut Episode where we discuss:The "What If" Scenario: We play out the alternate history, what would have happened if they had marched on London? Would the French have landed? Would the City have fallen?The English Militias: Who actually mobilized to defend the Hanoverian government (and were they effective)?The Southern Jacobites: The reality of English support for the Stuarts.The Prime & Load! War RoomSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! They called them the “German Regiment,” but the 8th Virginia was more than that — a fascinating mix of frontier riflemen, Scots-Irish settlers, and German-speaking farmers who brought their own traditions to the fight for independence. In this episode of Prime & Load!, we’re joined by historian and author Gabe Neville, whose book The Last Men Standing: The 8th Virginia Regiment in the American Revolution explores this Continental Army regiment’s pivotal role in the Revolutionary War.We uncover what made the 8th Virginia unique — from its early use of American rifles to its blend of backcountry culture and disciplined military leadership. You’ll hear how this unit fought from Virginia’s valleys to the Battle of Brandywine and beyond, helping shape the Continental Army’s identity in the War for Independence.If you enjoy this new Regimental Series, let us know by texting or emailing the show — and be sure to share this episode with a friend who loves Revolutionary War history.The Last Men StandingThe 8th Virginia Regiment in the American Revolution By Gabriel NevilleDISCOUNT CODE: LMS25Valid through January, 2026Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! This week on Prime & Load! we’re joined by Maj. Gen. Jason Bohm, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.), author of Washington’s Marines. Together we explore the origins of the Continental Marines and their vital role in America’s fight for independence.From the early recruitment of Marines and their first amphibious assault in the Bahamas to their actions at Trenton and Princeton, Maj. Gen. Bohm helps uncover how these early warriors shaped America’s identity as a maritime nation. We also discuss George Washington’s complicated relationship with the Marines, the role of naval infantry in 18th-century warfare, and how John Paul Jones used Marines to strike directly at the English coast.Whether you’re a student of the American Revolution or a proud member of the Corps, this episode dives deep into the legacy of the first Marines and the origins of U.S. amphibious warfare.Washington's Marines: The Origin of the Corps and the American RevolutionBy Maj. Gen. Jason Bohm, USMC Ret.Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! It’s Halloween on Prime & Load! — and we’re diving into the darker side of 18th-century warfare. From French soldiers sent to hunt monsters in the countryside, to Eastern European patrols investigating reports of vampires, to Hessians in America spotting UFOs, these are the stranger campaigns may never read about in the history books.In this lighthearted but historically grounded special, we explore the real primary sources behind these eerie tales and what they reveal about the fears, folklore, and imagination of the 18th century. Were these stories born from superstition — or something else entirely?Grab your lantern and musket, and join us for a Halloween march through the uncanny world of military legend. And don’t forget — share this episode with a friend (if they’re brave enough to listen after dark).Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! The Sniper. The Frontiersman. The American Legend. Pop culture tells us the American Revolution was won by sharp-shooters hiding in the trees, picking off British officers with impossible accuracy. But how much of that is Hollywood myth, and how much is ballistic reality?In this episode of Prime & Load, host Lee Gugino and historian Dr. Alex Burns are joined by Dr. John Bradstreet Weaver to track the evolution of the American Rifle—from a German hunting tool to the weapon that defined the Continental Army.We move beyond the romanticized "Daniel Boone" image to explore the mechanics, the logistics, and the lethal effectiveness of America's first specialized weapon system.Inside the War Room, we discuss:The Pennsylvania Transformation: How German Jaeger rifles were adapted into the sleek "American Longrifle" of the frontier.Musket vs. Rifle: The eternal debate. We break down the trade-off between range and reload speed.Washington’s Love/Hate Relationship: Why the Commander-in-Chief valued riflemen as scouts but feared their lack of discipline.The "Rifle Shirt" Identity: How a weapon became a symbol of American independence, distinct from the European "automaton" soldier.Whether you are a black powder enthusiast, a student of Morgan’s Riflemen, or just want to know if The Patriot got anything right, this is the definitive history of the gun that built a nation.🎧 Want the unedited version? We got into a deep technical debate about rifling twist rates and patch grease that was a bit too "in the weeds" for the main feed. If you want the full technical breakdown, join us as an Aide-de-Camp on Patreon to unlock the "Unsealed Dispatches"—the raw, unedited audio.Referenced MaterialsRifles and Riflemen: Material Culture, Violence, and Early American Identity, 1720 -- 1820, By Dr. John Bradstreet WeaverHessians: German Soldiers in the American Revolutionary Warby Friederike BaerSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Its been a long time coming but we are proud to announce the Prime & Load Top Commander of the 18th Century! Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! On the morning of September 30, 1745, Frederick the Great faced one of the most perilous moments of his career. The Prussian army, just 22,000 strong, awoke in its Bohemian camp to find Austrian guns positioned on the heights above them — a force twice their size, ready to strike. What followed was a desperate battle of improvisation, aggression, and survival.In this episode of Prime & Load!, we explore how Frederick the Great and the Prussian army clawed their way out of near disaster at the Battle of Soor, turning a potential rout into one of the most remarkable recoveries of the War of the Austrian Succession. We break down the key tactical decisions, the mistakes that nearly doomed him, and the leadership that defined his legend.If you enjoy this episode, text or email us your thoughts — and share it with a friend who loves 18th-century warfare.Want the Uncut Version? We had to cut 20 minutes of details from this episode to fit the time slot. Join us as an Aide-de-Camp on Patreon to hear the "Unsealed Despatches"—the raw, unedited audio where we argue about logistics, personalities, and the details that didn't make the main feed. Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Dr. Arran Johnston returns to dive into the Jacobites! On the 280th anniversary of the Battle of Prestonpans, we explore the battle and its lead-up in depth. This massive episode is packed with fascinating details, so buckle up and get ready to talk Scots!Recommended ReadingThe Battles of Bonnie Prince Charlie: The Young Chevalier at War, Arran JohnstonValour Does Not Wait: The Rise and Fall of Charles Edward Stuart, Arran Johnston Fight for a Throne: The Jacobite '45 Reconsidered, Christopher DuffyThe '45, Christopher DuffySupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Everything comes to this! You've voted and now it's down to our final 2 commanders. We're joined by long time friend of the podcast Dr. John Bradstreet Weaver to review the results of Round 4 and start Round 5.Those participating will receive an email ballet but anyone can buy additional votes for their top picks at your Buy Me a Coffee page. $1 = 1 vote!Buy More Votes Here!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Something very different for us, warfare and water! Join us and our guest Dr. Sam Cavell for an overview of warfare on the high seas! Together we talk about basic tactics, life on board, and some unique insights into a distinct advantage Britain's Royal Navy had on the rest of the world. Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Cast Extra Votes Here!The results of Round 3 are in and there are only 4 commanders remaining! Hear who is moving on and who gets left in the dust. Then we start the voting for Round 4. If you've been voting in the previous rounds your email ballet is waiting for you in your inbox!If you have not been voting or you'd like to give your top picks an extra boost consider supporting the show through our Buy Me a Coffee Campaign! Every dollar is an extra vote for the commander of your choice!Vote Now!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Vote Here!Round 3 of our Top Commanders Bracket is now available! Like last time, we go over the results of Round 2 and start the next set of epic showdowns. Join us as we lament (some of) the losers, praise (some of) the victors, and share our predictions for the next round. Listen to the results, vote for the next round, and share The Top Commander Bracket with a friend! This is out last round of open voting so make sure hop in how! Round 4 and 5 will be done through email ballet so make sure you get in while you still can!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Join us for the thrilling kickoff to our series on the Jacobite Uprising of 1745! In this episode of Prime & Load!, we dive into the dramatic story of Charles Edward Stuart, the charismatic "Young Pretender," and his bold journey to reclaim the British throne for the Stuart dynasty. From his childhood in exile to the iconic raising of the Stuart banner at Glenfinnan, we explore the early sparks of rebellion, the key players, and the high stakes of this pivotal moment in history. Tune in for a gripping tale of ambition, loyalty, and the fight for a crown!Recommended ReadingThe Battles of Bonnie Prince Charlie: The Young Chevalier at War, Arran JohnstonValour Does Not Wait: The Rise and Fall of Charles Edward Stuart, Arran Johnston Fight for a Throne: The Jacobite '45 Reconsidered, Christopher DuffyThe '45, Christopher DuffySupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Vote Here!Round 2 of our Top Historical Commanders Bracket is in full swing! In this episode, we dive into the results of Round 1 and start the next set of epic showdowns. From cunning tacticians to bold visionaries, we analyze the standout moments, surprising victories, and intense rivalries that defined this round. Who outmaneuvered their foes, and who fell short? Join us as we lament (some of) the losers, praise (some of) the victors, and share our predictions for the next round. Listen to the results, vote for the next round, and share The Top Commander Bracket with a friend! Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Click Here to Cast Your Votes!Get ready for an epic clash in this exciting episode as we unveil our Top Commanders Bracket! We've handpicked 32 of the most iconic, powerful, and beloved commanders from the 18th Century, and now it's up to YOU, our listeners, to decide who reigns supreme. Join us as we introduce our top commanders and explain the rule of the competition. From legendary powerhouses to underdog favorites, we’ll dive into what makes these commanders stand out. Tune in, check out the bracket, and cast your votes to crown the ultimate commander! Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Join our Newsletter! The Battle of Minden stands as one of the defining clashes of the Seven Years’ War—a stunning infantry victory that saw British and German troops repel repeated French cavalry charges and expose the failure of the key British commanders.In this episode of Prime & Load!, we’re joined by Maj. Gen. Ewan Carmichael, author of Like a Brazen Wall: The Battle of Minden, 1759, and its Place in the Seven Years War. Together, we break down the armies, commanders, and tactics that shaped this pivotal 18th-century battle. From Sackville’s disgrace to the disciplined stand of the allied infantry, we explore how leadership, training, and circumstance converged on that August day in 1759.Referenced MaterialsLike a Brazen Wall, The Battle of Minden, 1759, and its Place in the Seven Years War, by Ewan Carmichael  Discount Code: Brazen25Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Join our Email List!In this exciting listener Q&A episode of the Prime & Load! Podcast, hosts Dr. Alex Burns and Dr. Andrew Bamford tackle a selection of your burning questions! From Jacobites to logistics, they dive into the topics you care about most. This is just the first installment, with more listener questions to be answered in future episodes. Tune in for expert answers, engaging discussions, and a closer connection with the Prime & Load community!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Join our Email List!Historian, author, and award winning history blogger Josh Provan joins us on this episode to talk about 18th century warfare in the less talked about parts of the world. Together we explore the military tactics of India and China, the isolation policies of Japan, the conquest of the Hawaiian Islands and much more!Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! The United States Army is celebrating its 250th birthday this year. But what did it look like when it was first created? In this episode we are joined by our friend, author and historian, John Rees. Together we explore the birth of the Continental Army and men who served in it. Referenced Materials They Were Good Soldiers, By John U. ReesThe Continental Army, By Robert WrightPrivate Yankee Doodle, By Joseph Plum MartinA Revolutionary People at War, By Charles RoysterSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! In this episode of Prime & Load!, our very own Dr. Alex Burns unpacks the thrilling story of the Battle of Hohenfriedberg (1745). Another pivotal clash in the War of the Austrian Succession, Dr. Burns breaks down the masterful tactics employed by Frederick the Great’s Prussian forces against the Austrian and Saxon armies. From innovative cavalry maneuvers to the resilience of the infantry, discover how this battle cemented Prussia’s military reputation. Referenced MaterialsFrederick the Great: A Military Life, By Christopher DuffyThe Army of Frederick the Great, By Christopher DuffySupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! With out guest Dr. Paul Knight we explore the training of the British Army. A British Army Officer himself Paul has studied how the army trained and prepared itself for war.Referenced MaterialsA Very Fine Regiment, The 47th Foot during the American War of Independance, 1773-1783, Paul KnightWith Zeal and Bayonets Only, The British Army on Campaign in North America, 1775-1783, Matthew H. Spring Joseph Wright if Derby: Life on Paper, Museum and Art Gallery Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! It's the 280th anniversary of the Battle of Fontenoy!  Join us for a look into the battle, who fought it and the tactics they employed. Maps and more! Referenced WorksMarshal of France, Jon Manchip WhiteFontenoy 1745, Cumberland's Blood Defeat, Michael McNallyFontenoy: France Dominating Europe, Denis GandilhonGreat Britain and the Defense of the Low Countries 1744-1748, Alastair MassieThe War of the Austrian Succession, M.S. AndersonSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Join us as we welcome our good friend Mark Canady for a discussion of the hobby of reenacting. Together, we talk about our impressions, why we do them, and how we approach this weird and wonderful hobby. Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Episode Resources & Quick LinksRecommended Reading: Fit for Service by J. Holden and A People's Army by Fred Anderson Episode SummaryIn this episode, hosts Dr. Alexander Burns and Dr. Andrew Bamford deconstruct the "fifth-grade narrative" of April 19, 1775. They are joined by Jim Hollister and Jared Foss, expert rangers from Minuteman National Historic Park, to reveal the professional military infrastructure of the Massachusetts militia and the tactical innovations of the British Light Infantry.Listeners will learn about the political powderkeg created by the Intolerable Acts, the surprising truth behind British "bush fighting" in North America, and the brutal reality of the 18-mile Battle Road retreat. Whether you are a history buff or a re-enactor preparing for the 250th anniversary, this episode provides essential context for understanding the tactical reality of the start of the American Revolution.Meet the ExpertsJim Hollister: A 23-year NPS veteran specializing in 18th-century political background and material culture.Jared Foss: Historic weapons supervisor with a background in archaeology and anthropology; previously served at Gettysburg.Episode Timestamps[00:00] – Vetting Authenticity: Preparing 750 re-enactors for the 250th Anniversary.[12:15] – The Arms Race: General Gage’s hunt for hidden artillery and provincial magazines.[20:45] – Tactical Myths: The 1764 Manual Exercise vs. British "irregular fire".[30:00] – Lexington Green: The chaos of the first clash and the "flash in the pan".[40:15] – North Bridge: The first ordered fire against government troops.[55:00] – The Battle Road: A rolling gauntlet of fire through the Bloody Angle.[1:10:00] – Urban Combat: The brutal house-to-house reality in Monotony.Key Takeaway: The "Military Infrastructure" MythContrary to the image of "farmers with pitchforks," the Massachusetts militia was a seasoned military infrastructure. Sources show they were veterans of the French and Indian War, operating as a "home guard, draft board, and rear echelon supply network". Conversely, British regulars were not rigid targets; light infantry practiced loading while lying on their bellies and used "bush fighting" tactics to navigate the North American landscape.Related EpisodesEp 8: Training the British Army with Dr. Paul KnightEp 10: The Birth of the Continental Army with John U. ReesEnjoy the show? The best way to help us reach more history enthusiasts is to Share this show with a freind! This helps us grow and continue bringing you deep dives into military history. Subscribe now on your favorite platform so you never miss an update! Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Join us for the second part of our introduction to 18th century warfare! In this conversation we focus on the tactics and military leadership of the time. This episode helps set the groundwork for all the conversations we'll be having the future. If you missed Part I check it out to learn about the structure and social order of armies. Support the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! In honor of St. Patrick's Day, we focus on the service of Irish soldiers in foreign service. Dr. Andrew Bamford gives insight into his research about the French Irish Brigades, their lineage, combat history, and what brought them to France in the first place. Dr. Alex Burns tells us about Irish service in Austrian and American service in the 18th century. We also talk about Irish nationalism in the 18th century, Irish service in the British Army, and the reasons Irishmen go abroad to seek military careers. So grab some green beer and join us for an exploration of "The Witty Irishmen".Literature mentioned in this episode.The Lilies and the Thistle, By Dr. Andrew BamfordSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! In this episode, we take some time to contextualize our time period. In part 1 we'll be exploring some of the social aspects of 18th century armies. Who are the men and officers? How are historic conflicts different from modern ones? How do these aspects differ between countries?If you are looking to learn more about the men who fought the battles in the 18th century this is a great place to start!Don't forget to subscribe, rate, and leave us a review — we'd love to hear your thoughts!Follow us on X: https://x.com/PrimeandLoadSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.

Text the show! Our premier episode! In this episode, we meet our hosts, Alex, Andrew, and Lee, and talk about the amazing time period we'll be focusing on. Whether you're a longtime military history buff or just getting into it, we're thrilled to have you with us. So grab your headphones, sit back, and join us as we explore the military history, strategy, and tactics of the 18th century.Don't forget to subscribe, rate, and leave us a review — we'd love to hear your thoughts!Follow us on X: https://x.com/PrimeandLoadSupport the showGeneral Recommended ReadingThe Military Experience in the Age of Reason, By Christopher DuffyInfantry in Battle 1733-1783, By Alexander Burns*All materials are affiliated links that earn the show commission. Using these links helps support the podcast. Thank you.