Salud, leyes y sociedad

In this episode we explore the tragedy of thalidomide, the drug that promised to relieve nausea in pregnant women, but caused thousands of malformations in babies. How could it happen? Was there a cover-up by pharmaceutical companies? Find out here.primary sources:Rehman W, Arfons LM, Lazarus HM. The rise, fall and subsequent triumph of thalidomide: lessons learned in drug development. Ther Adv Hematol. 2011 Oct;2(5):291-308. doi: 10.1177/2040620711413165. PMID: 23556097; PMCID: PMC3573415.Vargesson N. Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history and mechanisms. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2015 Jun;105(2):140-56. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21096. Epub 2015 Jun 4. PMID: 26043938; PMCID: PMC4737249.https://www.thalidomide-tragedy.com/the-history-of-the-thalidomide-tragedy

In 1951, in Denmark, a sociological experiment took place that would have serious epidemiological, social, and political consequences. Today we talk about the Danish experiment. Main sources: El cruel experimento social que Dinamarca realizó con niños ... https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/blogs/historia-pendiente/el-cruel-experimento-social-que-dinamarca-realiz%C3%B3-con-ni%C3%B1os-groelandeses-222455239.htmlLos niños que Dinamarca sacó de Groenlandia para convertirlos en ... https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-55247135Los niños que Dinamarca sacó de Groenlandia para convertirlos en ... https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/06/150610_experimento_dinamarca_groenlandia_ninos_chEl cruel experimento que arrebató niños esquimales a sus familias https://www.lasexta.com/tecnologia-tecnoxplora/ciencia/divulgacion/cruel-experimento-que-arrebato-ninos-esquimales-sus-familias_2015072457fcd4520cf2a2e945ba7727.htmlEl fallido experimento social que destruyó la vida de 22 niños inuits https://www.vistazo.com/actualidad/internacional/el-fallido-experimento-social-que-destruyo-la-vida-de-22-ninos-inuits-FF1250623

For 40 years, hundreds of men were tricked and used in a medical experiment without their consent. Who was to blame? Tuskegee syphilis study | US Government Experiment, African ... https://www.britannica.com/event/Tuskegee-syphilis-study about the USPHS syphilis study | Tuskegee University https://www.tuskegee.edu/about-us/centers-of-excellence/bioethics-center/about-the-usphs-syphilis-study 40 Years of Human Experimentation in America: The Tuskegee Study https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history/40-years-human-experimentation-america-tuskegee-study Tuskegee Syphilis Study - Encyclopedia of Alabama https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/tuskegee-syphilis-study/ [PDF] The Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Some Ethical Reflections https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tp/article/download/74876/65465 What is the Tuskegee Study? - Planned Parenthood https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/what-is-the-tuskegee-study 6.4 A Case Study – The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment https://jcu.pressbooks.pub/intro-res-methods-health/chapter/6-4-a-case-study-the-tuskegee-syphilis-experiment/

Mass deportations in the US have begun to take an alarming turn, and the effects are more far-reaching than you might think. How do restrictive immigration policies really affect the health of those living in constant fear of deportation? In this episode, we uncover the hidden consequences of a phenomenon that is changing lives, families and communities. Who pays the price for these decisions?Main sources :https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4074451/https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/centers/iwrc/news/2024/the-health-costs-of-fear-article.aspx​https://civilrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Project-2025-Immigrants-Rights.pdf​https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11126062/​

Las deportaciones masivas en EE. UU. han comenzado a tomar un rumbo alarmante, y los efectos van más allá de lo que imaginas. ¿Cómo afectan realmente las políticas migratorias restrictivas a la salud de quienes viven bajo el temor constante de ser deportados? En este episodio, desvelamos las consecuencias ocultas de un fenómeno que está cambiando vidas, familias y comunidades. ¿Quién paga el precio de estas decisiones?Fuentes principales : https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4074451/https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/centers/iwrc/news/2024/the-health-costs-of-fear-article.aspx​https://civilrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Project-2025-Immigrants-Rights.pdf​https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11126062/​

After the Second World War and the Nazi experiments, something similar is happening in Guatemala: the US is carrying out medical experiments on vulnerable people without their consent. Main sources : https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2011/09/110901_guatemala_experimentos_medicos_en https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/Guia-de-Estudio-Para-Eticamente-Imposible_508.pdf https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/EticamenteImposible_Spanish_Translation.pdf  https://biopolitica.net/2019/06/25/la-negra-historia-de-los-ensayos-clinicos-en-guatemala/

Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y los experimentos nazis, en Guatemala sucede algo similar: EEUU hace experimentos médicos en personas vulnerables sin su consentimiento. Fuentes principales : https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2011/09/110901_guatemala_experimentos_medicos_en https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/Guia-de-Estudio-Para-Eticamente-Imposible_508.pdf https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/EticamenteImposible_Spanish_Translation.pdf  https://biopolitica.net/2019/06/25/la-negra-historia-de-los-ensayos-clinicos-en-guatemala/

Leaders in gender equality, but with a higher rate of gender-based violence cases in Europe: how to explain the Nordic paradox? Main sources: Wemrell, M., Stjernlöf, S., Lila, M., Gracia, E., & Ivert, A. K. (2021). The Nordic Paradox. Professionals’ Discussions about Gender Equality and Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Sweden. Women & Criminal Justice, 32(5), 431–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1905588Castro, A., Lila, M., Wemrell, M., & Gracia, E. (2024). Professional’s Views on the ‘Nordic Paradox’ in a Low Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence Country. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 27, e13. doi:10.1017/SJP.2024.14Países nórdicos: Sobrevivientes de violación se unen para acabar con la impunidad de los violadores y acceder a la justicia sin obstáculos, Amnestia Internacional El alcohol propicia la"paradoja nórdica" de igualdad y violencia en la pareja, La Vangardia, 06/05/2016

Ten years ago, in Veracruz, children with cancer were not receiving chemotherapy, but distilled water. The only problem was that... distilled water is not a medicine and no one knew that the children were not receiving their treatment. Main sources:

It was New Year's Day 2017 in Greece, where a terrible event brought to light one of the country's biggest pharmaceutical scandals. It soon emerged that this was not a problem unique to Greece. Main sources: [1] Former Novartis execs cleared of Greek bribery charges https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/former-novartis-execs-cleared-greek-bribery-charges-after-years-long-investigation [2] Greece steps up Novartis corruption probe after suicide attempt https://pmlive.com/pharma_news/greece_steps_up_novartis_corruption_probe_after_suicide_attempt_1183335/ [3] Greece Files 214-Million-Euro Lawsuit Against Novartis over Bribery https://www.occrp.org/en/news/greece-files-214-million-euro-lawsuit-against-novartis-over-bribery [4] Greece investigates Novartis for alleged bribery - SWI swissinfo.ch https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/swiss-pharma_greece-investigates-novartis-for-alleged-bribery/42808712 [5] [PDF] NOVARTIS HELLAS SACI https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1289751/dl [6] Justice ministry confirms legal aid requests in Greece-Novartis scandal https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/alleged-pharma-bribery_justice-ministry-confirms-legal-aid-requests-in-greece-novartis-scandal/43891262 [7] Greece Drops Anonymity for Novartis Case Whistleblowers | OCCRP https://www.occrp.org/en/news/greece-drops-anonymity-for-novartis-case-whistleblowers [8] EU migration chief denies links to Novartis bribery scandal - France 24 https://www.france24.com/en/20180209-eu-migration-chief-denies-links-novartis-bribery-scandal [9] Greek Competition Authority Targets Novartis for Alleged ... https://www.vbb.com/insights/greek-competition-authority-targets-novartis-for-alleged-exclusionary-behaviour-on-market-for-treatment-of-macular-diseases

Era el día de Año Nuevo de 2017 en Grecia, donde un terrible suceso sacó a la luz uno de los mayores escándalos farmacéuticos del país. Pronto se descubrió que no era un problema exclusivo de Grecia. Fuentes principales: [1] Former Novartis execs cleared of Greek bribery charges https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/former-novartis-execs-cleared-greek-bribery-charges-after-years-long-investigation[2] Greece steps up Novartis corruption probe after suicide attempt https://pmlive.com/pharma_news/greece_steps_up_novartis_corruption_probe_after_suicide_attempt_1183335/[3] Greece Files 214-Million-Euro Lawsuit Against Novartis over Bribery https://www.occrp.org/en/news/greece-files-214-million-euro-lawsuit-against-novartis-over-bribery[4] Greece investigates Novartis for alleged bribery - SWI swissinfo.ch https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/swiss-pharma_greece-investigates-novartis-for-alleged-bribery/42808712[5] [PDF] NOVARTIS HELLAS SACI https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1289751/dl[6] Justice ministry confirms legal aid requests in Greece-Novartis scandal https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/alleged-pharma-bribery_justice-ministry-confirms-legal-aid-requests-in-greece-novartis-scandal/43891262[7] Greece Drops Anonymity for Novartis Case Whistleblowers | OCCRP https://www.occrp.org/en/news/greece-drops-anonymity-for-novartis-case-whistleblowers[8] EU migration chief denies links to Novartis bribery scandal - France 24 https://www.france24.com/en/20180209-eu-migration-chief-denies-links-novartis-bribery-scandal[9] Greek Competition Authority Targets Novartis for Alleged ... https://www.vbb.com/insights/greek-competition-authority-targets-novartis-for-alleged-exclusionary-behaviour-on-market-for-treatment-of-macular-diseases

What if you woke up, alone, in a hospital bed, operated on, but not knowing why?For many women, this sounds quite familiar, as it reminds them of a devastating experience: forced sterilization. Main sources: ​https://elpais.com/sociedad/2023-05-31/mujeres-con-discapacidad-esterilizadas-a-la-fuerza-me-operaron-sin-explicarme-nada-me-han-destruido.html​https://www.ohchr.org/es/stories/2017/11/sterilization-form-systemic-violence-against-girls-disabilities​https://es.euronews.com/2023/06/19/el-sueno-incumplido-de-ser-madre-por-practicas-discutidas-en-el-seno-de-la-union-europe​https://www.france24.com/es/programas/escala-en-par%C3%ADs/20241018-el-proceso-truncado-para-lograr-justicia-por-las-esterilizaciones-forzadas-en-per%C3%BA​https://elpais.com/smoda/soraya-post-la-gitana-feminista-con-escano-en-la-eurocamara.html​https://es.euronews.com/2023/06/08/su-crimen-era-ser-pobres-el-plan-eugenesico-que-mancha-la-historia-de-suecia​https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-56243650

Every day 274 million bananas are consumed. But few know how this fruit marked the history of an entire country, Guatemala. Today we talk about the ‘Pulpo’, that is the United Fruit Company and how its commercial activities changed Guatemala forever. Main sources: When the United Fruit Company Tried to Buy Guatemala | The Nation https://www.thenation.com/article/economy/united-fruit-guatemala/Economic Reform in Guatemala - Through the Banana Industry https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/war_peace/americas/hbanana.htmlAux origines du coup d'État de 1954 au Guatemala https://journals.openedition.org/orda/2667Peeling Back the Truth on Guatemalan Bananas - Centre tricontinental https://www.cetri.be/Peeling-Back-the-Truth-on?lang=fr

Cada día se consumen 274 millones de plátanos. Pero pocos saben como este fruta marcó a la historia de todo un país, Guatemala. Hoy hablamos del "Pulpo", o sea la United Fruit Company y como sus actividades comerciales cambiaron a Guatemala para siempre. Fuentes principales: When the United Fruit Company Tried to Buy Guatemala | The Nation https://www.thenation.com/article/economy/united-fruit-guatemala/Economic Reform in Guatemala - Through the Banana Industry https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/war_peace/americas/hbanana.htmlAux origines du coup d'État de 1954 au Guatemala https://journals.openedition.org/orda/2667Peeling Back the Truth on Guatemalan Bananas - Centre tricontinental https://www.cetri.be/Peeling-Back-the-Truth-on?lang=fr

In 1951, in Denmark, a sociological experiment took place that would have serious epidemiological, social, and political consequences. Today we talk about the Danish experiment. Main sources: El cruel experimento social que Dinamarca realizó con niños ... https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/blogs/historia-pendiente/el-cruel-experimento-social-que-dinamarca-realiz%C3%B3-con-ni%C3%B1os-groelandeses-222455239.htmlLos niños que Dinamarca sacó de Groenlandia para convertirlos en ... https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-55247135Los niños que Dinamarca sacó de Groenlandia para convertirlos en ... https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/06/150610_experimento_dinamarca_groenlandia_ninos_ch El cruel experimento que arrebató niños esquimales a sus familias https://www.lasexta.com/tecnologia-tecnoxplora/ciencia/divulgacion/cruel-experimento-que-arrebato-ninos-esquimales-sus-familias_2015072457fcd4520cf2a2e945ba7727.htmlEl fallido experimento social que destruyó la vida de 22 niños inuits https://www.vistazo.com/actualidad/internacional/el-fallido-experimento-social-que-destruyo-la-vida-de-22-ninos-inuits-FF1250623

Today we will talk about the medical fraud that most impacted Mexico in 2024: the “psychiatrist” Marilyn Cote. Main sources: [1] La Fiscalía de Puebla detiene en Tlaxcala a la falsa psiquiatra ... https://elpais.com/mexico/2024-11-22/la-fiscalia-de-puebla-detiene-en-tlaxcala-a-marilyn-cote.html [2] Marilyn Cote: la caída de la falsa psiquiatra mexicana que ... https://www.elcolombiano.com/internacional/quien-es-marilyn-cote-falsa-psiquiatra-mexico-DN25822188 [3] El caso de Marilyn Cote acumula cinco denuncias y pasa a la fase ... https://elpais.com/mexico/2024-11-15/el-caso-de-marilyn-cote-acumula-cinco-denuncias-y-pasa-a-la-fase-penal.html [4] Facturas falsas: la epidemia en el sector salud - Impunidad Cero https://www.impunidadcero.org/articulo.php?id=134&t=facturas-falsas-la-epidemia-en-el-sector-salud [5] ¿Existe el fraude en medicina? - SciELO México https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1870-72032017000100070&script=sci_arttext [6] ¿Quién es Marilyn Cote, la abogada que fingió ser psiquiatra? Esto ... https://www.elsoldesinaloa.com.mx/doble-via/quien-es-marilyn-cote-la-abogada-que-fingio-ser-psiquiatra-esto-es-lo-que-sabemos-12875959.html [7] El caso Marilyn Cote | IBERO Puebla https://www.iberopuebla.mx/circulo-de-escritores/ldiaz/caso-marilyn

Today we revisit our very first episode: Why do Latinos in the US live longer if they have fewer economic resources? Let's take a look. Main sources: Neighborhood context and mortality among older Mexican Americans: is there a barrio advantage? (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451754) (en inglés). 2004.Aculturación y salud de los latinos en los Estados Unidos de América (http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpsp/v18n3/27672.pdf).Cassio M. Turra & Noreen Goldman (2006). Socioeconomic Differences in Mortality Among U.S. Adults: Insights Into the Hispanic Paradox (http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/3/S184.full)Smith, D. P., & Bradshaw, B. S. (2006). Rethinking the hispanic paradox: Death rates and life expectancy for US non-hispanic white and hispanic populations. American Journal of Public Health, 96(9), 1686-1686-92. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/215086338?accountid=7064 (http://search.proquest.com/docview/215086338?accountid=7064)Escarce JJ, Morales LS, Rumbaut RG. The Health Status and Health Behaviors of Hispanics. In: National Research Council (US) Panel on Hispanics inThe United States; Tienda M, Mitchell F, editors. Hispanics and the Future of America. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2006. 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19899/?t&utm_source=perplexity

Hoy volvemos a visitar nuestro primer episodio: ¿Por qué los latinos en EEUU viven más si tienen menos recursos económicos? Fuentes: Neighborhood context and mortality among older Mexican Americans: is there a barrio advantage? (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451754) (en inglés). 2004.Aculturación y salud de los latinos en los Estados Unidos de América (http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpsp/v18n3/27672.pdf).Cassio M. Turra & Noreen Goldman (2006). Socioeconomic Differences in Mortality Among U.S. Adults: Insights Into the Hispanic Paradox (http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/3/S184.full)Smith, D. P., & Bradshaw, B. S. (2006). Rethinking the hispanic paradox: Death rates and life expectancy for US non-hispanic white and hispanic populations. American Journal of Public Health, 96(9), 1686-1686-92. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/215086338?accountid=7064 (http://search.proquest.com/docview/215086338?accountid=7064)Escarce JJ, Morales LS, Rumbaut RG. The Health Status and Health Behaviors of Hispanics. In: National Research Council (US) Panel on Hispanics inThe United States; Tienda M, Mitchell F, editors. Hispanics and the Future of America. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2006. 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19899/?t&utm_source=perplexity

What do talc products, packaging, machines, France and Ancient Greece have in common? Asbestos. Today we will talk about the biggest health catastrophe in the history of France : the asbestos health scandal. Main sources: L'amiante : un sujet toujours d'actualité - Anses https://www.anses.fr/fr/content/l%E2%80%99amiante%C2%A0-un-sujet-toujours-d%E2%80%99actualit%C3%A9Amiante. Ce qu'il faut retenir - Risques - INRS https://www.inrs.fr/risques/amiante/ce-qu-il-faut-retenir.htmlLe drame de l'amiante en France : comprendre, mieux réparer, en tirer des leçons pour l'avenir (rapport) : https://www.senat.fr/rap/r05-037-1/r05-037-1.htmlCours "Droit Public Interne", Master 2 DSSAE 2022-2023, Mme BRIMO

An invisible and indestructible substance sounds great, right? Not so much if it is harmful to human health. Today we are going to talk about perpetual chemicals. Main sources: Where Are We On PFAS Protection in West Virginia? https://www.conservewv.org/where-are-we-on-pfas-protection-in-west-virginia/ Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) https://dep.wv.gov/key-issues/Pages/PFAS.aspxDark Waters: el multimillonario escándalo en el que Dupont fue ... https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-51779863⁠https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/⁠the case of water contamination in the Veneto Region, Italy https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289052467Los PFAS y cómo afectan a la salud | Public Health Madison & Dane ... https://publichealthmdc.com/es/salud-ambiental/peligros-ambientales/pfas/los-pfas-y-como-afectan-a-la-saludBelgian town living through 'forever chemical' pollution nightmare https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/03/13/residents-of-belgian-town-living-through-nightmare-of-forever-chemical-pollutionPFAS in Flanders https://www.vlaanderen.be/en/pfas-in-flanders

What if you woke up, alone, in a hospital bed, operated on, but not knowing why? For many women, this sounds quite familiar, as it reminds them of a devastating experience: forced sterilization. Main sources: https://elpais.com/sociedad/2023-05-31/mujeres-con-discapacidad-esterilizadas-a-la-fuerza-me-operaron-sin-explicarme-nada-me-han-destruido.htmlhttps://www.ohchr.org/es/stories/2017/11/sterilization-form-systemic-violence-against-girls-disabilitieshttps://es.euronews.com/2023/06/19/el-sueno-incumplido-de-ser-madre-por-practicas-discutidas-en-el-seno-de-la-union-europehttps://www.france24.com/es/programas/escala-en-par%C3%ADs/20241018-el-proceso-truncado-para-lograr-justicia-por-las-esterilizaciones-forzadas-en-per%C3%BAhttps://elpais.com/smoda/soraya-post-la-gitana-feminista-con-escano-en-la-eurocamara.html https://es.euronews.com/2023/06/08/su-crimen-era-ser-pobres-el-plan-eugenesico-que-mancha-la-historia-de-suecia https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-56243650

From its origins in antiquity to modern conflicts, today we explore how biological agents have been used as weapons of war throughout history. Main sources: Biología y guerra: una perspectiva pragmática - SciELO Chile https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0719-42422019000200091&script=sci_arttext​Bioseguridad y armas biológicas: La amenaza de Andrómeda (1971) https://revistas.usal.es/cinco/index.php/medicina_y_cine/article/download/13782/14197/48468​Tesis de grado - Repositorio Institucional Séneca https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/6316183b-9d4c-4786-b6c0-85ff42a208e1/content​Qué son las armas biológicas? Un recorrido por su utilización a lo largo de la historia bélica https://www.ucm.es/otri/noticias-que-son-las-armas-biologicas-un-recorrido-por-su-utilizacion-a-lo-largo-de-la-historia-belica​Artículo de divulgación: «La guerra biológica», por Conrado Rodríguez-Maffiotte Martín - Museos de Tenerife https://www.museosdetenerife.org/blog/articulo-de-divulgacion-la-guerra-biologica-por-conrado-rodriguez-maffiotte-martin/

France had one of the highest number of HIV positive cases in Europe in the 1990's. Who is to blame? Main sources: Bran L, Palacios L, Posada IC, Bermúdez V. Concepto sociocultural del VIH y su impacto en la recepción de campañas de promoción de la salud en Medellín. Rev Cienc Salud. 2017;15(1):59-70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.5378 (https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.5378)Un juicio histórico por contagio masivo de sida https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/juicio-historico-contagio-masivo-sida_0_HJ-MM8RlCKg.htmlScandale du sang contaminé : résumé, nombre de victimes https://actions-traitements.org/scandale-du-sang-contamine-resume-nombre-de-victimes/Francia juzga el mayor escándalo sanitario de toda su historia https://hemeroteca-paginas.lavanguardia.com/LVE08/HEM/1992/06/22/LVG19920622-029.pdfCours du Droit Public Interne de M.Brimo, année 2022-2023, Section 1 : Sécurité sanitaire et produits de santé : Le sang contaminé

Could someone use a virus as a weapon in real life? And if the answer is yes, how would we protect ourselves? Main sources: Bioterrorism - CDC Emergency Preparedness https://emergency.cdc.gov/bioterrorism/History | Federal Select Agent Program https://www.selectagents.gov/overview/history.htmBioterrorism : A Public Health Perspective - PMC - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC492253/Bioterrorism - Interpol https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Terrorism/BioterorismMuere el terrorista de las cartas con ántrax | Internacional - EL PAÍS https://elpais.com/diario/2008/08/02/internacional/1217628001_850215.html

Why do Latinos in the US live longer if they have fewer economic resources? Let's take a look. Main sources: Neighborhood context and mortality among older Mexican Americans: is there a barrio advantage? (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451754) (en inglés). 2004.Aculturación y salud de los latinos en los Estados Unidos de América (http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpsp/v18n3/27672.pdf).Cassio M. Turra & Noreen Goldman (2006). Socioeconomic Differences in Mortality Among U.S. Adults: Insights Into the Hispanic Paradox (http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/3/S184.full)Smith, D. P., & Bradshaw, B. S. (2006). Rethinking the hispanic paradox: Death rates and life expectancy for US non-hispanic white and hispanic populations. American Journal of Public Health, 96(9), 1686-1686-92. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/215086338?accountid=7064 (http://search.proquest.com/docview/215086338?accountid=7064)Escarce JJ, Morales LS, Rumbaut RG. The Health Status and Health Behaviors of Hispanics. In: National Research Council (US) Panel on Hispanics inThe United States; Tienda M, Mitchell F, editors. Hispanics and the Future of America. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2006. 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19899/?t&utm_source=perplexity