Space Matters: The Space Governance Podcast

In this episode of Space Matters, we speak with Dr Tristan Moss about the intersection of Australia’s military history and contemporary space policy, tracing how defence considerations have long shaped Australia’s engagement with space. Drawing on historical and policy perspectives, this episodes explores Australia’s approach to developing sovereign space capabilities, recent investments in ground infrastructure and the importance of strategic partnerships in strengthening Australia’s space posture.The episode also looks at Australia’s space relationships in the Indo-Pacific, highlighting how collaboration with regional partners can enhance stability, support climate resilience, and ensure secure access to important space-derived data. Throughout the discussion, Dr Moss explains the need to mainstream space literacy across government and defence, develop clearer career pathways, and adopt a more integrated, whole-of-government approach to space governance. Dr Tristan Moss reflects that effective leadership, informed policymaking and sustained public engagement are essential to positioning space as a core pillar of Australia’s long-term strategic, environmental and security interests.Further ListeningAn earlier episode where Dr Tristan Moss explaining the significance of space history: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3srOVunSSYsCXqbm9dX3Zm?si=mpiEVBFbRU61maw-zXQUWQ

We speak with Art Cotterell and learn about why space needs to be mainstreamed across government as a core national priority. Looking on Art’s policy paper, Art's discuss how space technologies underpin critical infrastructure and support major policy domains, including climate change, economic reform and national security. Art sets out the value of a national space task force to coordinate whole-of-government action and highlight the growing importance of intergenerational planning. The conversation also examines the role of the Australian Space Agency in advancing space literacy and building public understanding of how space technologies shape everyday life. Art advocates that public engagement is key to securing long-term political support, and that effective policymaking depends on a government workforce equipped to use and interpret space-based data. Ultimately, they argue that space is far more than rockets and astronauts, and that it is the infrastructure guiding Australia’s economic, environmental and strategic future.Further reading:Read Art's policy paper: https://acsg.squarespace.com/publicationsShould humans colonise space? We asked 5 experts: https://theconversation.com/should-humans-colonise-space-we-asked-5-experts-267436Space Colonies and Human Futures: The Debate Over Our Next Frontier: https://www.2ser.com/stories/space-colonies-and-human-futures-the-debate-over-our-next-frontier

In this podcast episode, we talk about the evolving field of space ethics with Flight Sergeant Amy Hestermann-Crane. Together, we discuss how virtue ethics can guide space policy and governance, helping ensure sustainability, responsibility, and security in the cosmos. Amy reflects on her journey into space ethics, the importance of asking ethical questions in space governance, and why moral reflection is important as Australia expands its role in the global space community.This episode takes a closer look at how ethics play a role at the intersection of sustainability and security in modern space policy. Amy also discusses why Australia needs a dedicated space ethicist within its national framework and how ethics shapes debates concerning the role of multilateral cooperation in advancing global space governance.Listen now to learn how ethics play an important role in global space governance.

In this episode of Space Matters, Dr Cassandra Steer, CEO of the Australasian Centre for Space Governance (ACSG), and Andre Kwok, researcher at ACSG, talk about the role of space in the Asia-Pacific region. Together they reflect on the intersection of space law and policy, technology and international relations, highlighting how collaboration and cultural understanding are essential for shaping the future of space governance.The conversation touches on the shift from national to regional perspectives, the use of Earth observation data in international law, and the growing role of space diplomacy in fostering cooperation across the region.They also reflect on the Centre’s new identity, Andre’s journey into space law and Asian studies, and the importance of cultural understanding and language in the Asia-Pacific. Other themes include space law’s role in conflict and security, the potential of space diplomacy to build regional ties and how space can help address shared challenges such as strengthen criminal investigations and climate change response.For more reading:Securing Australia Through Space: Shared Interests in the Indo-Pacific Region: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_11423f62a20d43eabb6f98a021f4058d.pdfAustralia’s Maturing Space Capabilities in a National and Regional Context: https://www.nbr.org/publication/asias-space-ambitions-driving-the-next-chapter-in-global-space-competition/Working together in space can enhance worldly ties between Australia and Japan: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/working-together-space-can-enhance-worldly-ties-between-australia-japan

We speak with Stephen Ward and George Dyke from Symbios Communications about the important role of Earth observation (EO) data in shaping Australia’s space policy and climate response strategies. They explore how satellites support climate monitoring, including detecting and mitigating methane emissions, one of the most potent greenhouse gases, and discuss pathways to achieve cost-neutral solutions.The conversation delves into the geopolitical challenges of Australia’s reliance on foreign satellite data, the risks posed by shifting global dynamics, and the need to secure data sources through strategic international partnerships. Stephen and George propose key policy recommendations for strengthening Australia’s space capabilities, including the potential for sovereign satellite missions.They also reflect on the importance of EO data in global climate response mechanisms and the important role satellites play in providing the information needed for climate action and resilience.Read the policy paper here: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_56a9d7ecfa384fd89b5602b8433f39b4.pdf

In this episode, we explore how space-based technologies are shaping Australia's national security and disaster resilience. Jia-Urnn Lee, Space and Defense Lead at Frontiers SI, joins us to discuss the critical role of Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) systems, Australia’s reliance on foreign infrastructure, and the need for national and regional solutions. She also shares insights from her recent policy paper on resilient PNT for disaster response and shares the importance of governance in driving adoption of advanced space technologies.PNT systems underpin a wide range of essential services, from emergency response and transportation to financial transactions and defense operations. As critical infrastructure, the resilience and accessibility of PNT capabilities are vital for Australia’s ability to respond to natural disasters, maintain national security, and support everyday services.Read Jia-Urnn’s policy paper on resilient PNT for disaster response: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_0c1bfdc1a6564fb2b4ea5d915fddb5ce.pdf

Vinicius Geudes de Oliveira, a Brazilian lawyer and PhD candidate, explores the legal and cybersecurity challenges facing space infrastructure, particularly in Australia. He explains why cyberattacks are more cost-effective than kinetic warfare and argues for national space policy to protect critical systems.Vinicius shares how his background in international law led him to pursue a PhD focused on the cybersecurity of Australia’s space infrastructure. He explains that most cyberattacks remain below the threshold of armed conflict but can be just as disruptive, especially in the strategically important space sector. With Australia’s space industry still developing its legal and policy frameworks, he talks about the need for a national space policy and space-specific cybersecurity measures. Vinicius also discusses the importance of international cooperation and advocates for practical tools, like a cybersecurity toolkit, to help space operators better understand and manage evolving threats.Further ReadingVinicius’s policy paper on space cybersecurity: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_fa255cc6d89b4ea888578905da238f64.pdfOther publications from the ACSG policy workshop series: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/our-researchVinicius’s latest book chapter titled “Brazilian Space Law: A Critical Analysis of Brazil’s Space Activities Act”: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-85680-8_4

Welcome to Season Two of the ACSG Podcast. This season kicks off with a mini-series featuring conversations with the authors of eight policy papers developed from our 2024 workshop “Securing Australia Through Space".In this first episode, we speak with two of Australia’s leading space law academics, Dr Stacey Henderson and Dr Joel Lisk from Flinders University. together they discuss the importance of the Security of Critical Infrastructure Act to the space sector.We discuss:The role of positioning, navigation, and timing technologies in civilian and military infrastructureAustralia’s dependence on foreign satellite systems and the impacts on sovereignty and resilienceLegal and regulatory considerations under the Security of Critical Infrastructure ActStacey and Joel’s  legal careers and university experienceWhy space infrastructure should be treated as critical infrastructure requiring proactive policy attentionAccess all eight policy papers from the workshop: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/our-researchRead the specific paper discussed in this episode: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_bb310e7204ef49efafb1533b0012c11c.pdfLearn more about ACSG and our work: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/Links and Resources:This episode is a must listen for researchers and professionals across government, research, and industry working on national security, infrastructure resilience and space governance.

Welcome to the season finale of Space Matters! ACSG Chair Dr. Cassandra Steer sits down with Dr. Alexander Deejay, ACSG Executive Director, to rethink what makes space “cool”—and why that might not be the best way to understand its true importance.   While rockets, astronauts, and sci-fi dominate pop culture, the reality of space activity is far more mundane—and essential. Satellites support weather forecasts, GPS navigation, and disaster response, making space-based infrastructure a central part of modern life.   Together, they explore how Hollywood and NASA have shaped public perceptions, how the myth of space as a frontier affects policy, and whether technological utopianism taint space’s true value. They also discuss how framing space as critical infrastructure could encourage more sustainable public investment.   Thank you for joining us throughout Season One. Stay tuned for more in our next season.    For more reading: Australian Attitudes on Space by Gender Report: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_c26a86d9a1be4641a54aa32cca334d54.pdf Looking Up from Down Under: Australian Attitudes to National Space Activities: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_d028d1b713fe425d98f0ecb0064c1329.pdf Securing Australia Through Space" policy paper series: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/our-research

In this episode, Dr. Cassandra Steer sits down with Dr. Tristan Moss from UNSW Canberra to discuss the history of Australia’s involvement in space, focusing on the deep-rooted military influences that have shaped its space trajectory. From the launch of WRESAT, Australia’s first satellite developed through a military collaboration, to the Woomera testing range, a site with a legacy of missile testing and military technology development, Dr. Moss explores the legacy of defence interests in Australia’s early space initiatives.   The episode also looks at Australia’s strategic participation in the European Launcher Development Organization during the Cold War, where geopolitical alliances affected the importance of resilience and collaboration. Dr. Moss and Dr. Steer discuss the lessons of Australia’s military space history, the impact of public perception on the national space narrative, and how these histories continue to inform Australia’s current and future space policies. Moss T, 2024, '“Consider Carefully the Best Use of Our Limited Resources”: Australian Space Policy, 1960–72', Australian Journal of Politics & History, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12995 Moss T, 2020, '‘There Are Many Other Things More Important to Us Than Space Research’: The Australian Government and the Dawn of the Space Age, 1956–62', Australian Historical Studies, 51,  pp. 442 - 458, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2020.1766522 ACSG pubic opinion survey "Looking Up From Down Under: Australian Attitudes to National Space Activities" https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_d028d1b713fe425d98f0ecb0064c1329.pdf

In this bonus episode of “Space Security is Here and Now”, Dr. Cassandra Steer interviews Jessica West, senior researcher at Project Ploughshares, to discuss her work on space security and her latest report on “hidden human insecurities in space”. The conversation covers the human impact of space activities, emphasising the uneven distribution of space benefits and harms, and the importance of addressing these issues through diverse, inclusive governance.  Jessica highlights the challenges marginalised communities face in accessing space capabilities, particularly the critical role of connectivity, and explains the concept of “triple vulnerability” in the context of space security threats. They also explore the need for alternative, human-centred approaches to space security, including intersectional feminism, human rights, and environmental stewardship.   “Hidden Harms: Human (In)security in Outer Space: Consultation Report” https://www.ploughshares.ca/reports/hidden-harms-human-in-security-in-outer-space-consultation-report "Lost in Space: Feminist Considerations of Space Security" https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-0858

In the final episode of our mini-series Space Security is Here and Now, we reflect on the critical yet often overlooked topics of language, diversity, and institutionalisation—key topics that are just as important as the substantive security issues discussed in official forums. We explore the nuanced distinctions between the militarisation and weaponisation of outer space and examine why these terms are essential for shaping future space governance.   We also discuss the vital role that civil society organisations, like the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), play in influencing space security discussions, particularly through their support of the Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on space security.   Key topics include: UNIDIR’s development of a space security lexicon to clarify key terms like "militarisation" vs. "weaponisation" and "dual-use" vs. "dual-purpose." The importance of building common understanding across multi-lingual, cross-disciplinary, and highly technical fields. How diversity, inclusivity, and institutional frameworks are essential for tackling space security challenges.   Join experts Victoria Samson, Jessica West, Almudena Azcárate Ortega, and Sarah Erickson in this final episode as they unpack these pressing issues and provide expert views on the future of space security.   For more information: A Lexicon for Outer Space Security - https://unidir.org/publication/a-lexicon-for-outer-space-security/ https://indico.un.org/event/1002352/ The side event co-sponsored by Australia, the Philippines and UNIDIR at the September 2022 meeting of the UN Open-ended working group on reducing space threats https://spacesecurityportal.org/

Are UN processes failing?    The Australian Centre for Space Governance is proud to announce part two of the "Space Security is Here and Now" podcast series.     Continuing from part one, we speak with internationally recognised experts Victoria Samson (Secure World Foundation), Jessica West (Project Ploughshares), Almudena Azcárate Ortega (UNIDIR), and Sarah Erickson (UNIDIR). They offer a detailed breakdown of global efforts to promote responsible behaviours in outer space, the pivotal role of the UN General Assembly, and the challenges faced by the Open-Ended Working Group in fostering inclusive diplomatic discussions.    Key issues explored in this episode include the escalating concerns surrounding civilian infrastructure in space, the risks posed by non-kinetic activities such as cyber interference and electronic jamming, and the broader implications of space debris.     We'll also discuss recent developments surrounding Russia's potential development of a nuclear weapon in space and the implications for global security. Despite these formidable challenges, there's cautious optimism, as our guests emphasise the progress being made in fostering international cooperation and advancing space governance.     🎧 In these contentious times, with varying capabilities and interests among states, we are fortunate to draw on the wealth of knowledge from our internationally recognised experts. This episode offers deep insights into space security, the institutional frameworks in play, and the contemporary challenges shaping the future of outer space.   For more information about our podcast guests:  Jessica West, Project Ploughshares: https://www.ploughshares.ca/author/jessica-west  Victoria Samson, Secure World Foundation: https://swfound.org/about-us/our-team/victoria-samson/  Almudena Azcarate Ortega, UN Institute for Disarmament Research: https://unidir.org/people/almudena-azcarate-ortega/  Sarah Erikson, UN Institute for Disarmament Research: https://unidir.org/people/sarah-erickson/  For more reading related to the topics discussed in this episode: UN Res 75/36 establishing the Open-Ended Working Group: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3895440?v=pdf UN A/Res 77/41 calling for a moratorium on direct-ascent anti-satellite weapons https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F77%2F41&Language=E Secure World Foundation report "Direct-Ascent Anti-Satellite Missile Tests: State Positions on the Moratorium, UNGA Resolution, and Lessons for the Future" https://swfound.org/news/all-news/2023/10/direct-ascent-anti-satellite-missile-tests-state-positions-on-the-moratorium-unga-resolution-and-lessons-for-the-future/ Recap report by UNIDIR on the OEWG (authored by Almudena and Sarah) https://unidir.org/publication/oewg-on-reducing-space-threats-recap-report/ Recap report on the OEWG by Project Ploughshares (authored by Jess West) https://www.ploughshares.ca/reports/the-open-ended-working-group-on-reducing-space-threats-final-recap Cassandra Steer, "Making Arms Control Work"  https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/making-space-arms-control-work Secure World Foundation, "Global Counterspace Capabilities Report" (co-authored by Victoria Samson and Brian Weeden) https://swfound.org/counterspace/ UNIDIR report "Space Security and Sustainability: Why Is It Essential for Small Island Nations?" (co-authored by Almudena and Sarah)  https://unidir.org/publication/space-security-and-sustainability-why-is-it-essential-for-small-island-nations/ The veto in the UN Security Council, including against a recent space security resolution: https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148896 August 2024 report from the Group of Governmental Experts on further practical measures for preventing an arms race in Outer space: https://meetings.unoda.org/gge-paros/group-of-governmental-experts-on-further-practical-measures-for-the-prevention-of-an-arms-race-in-outer-space-2023

Have you ever wondered if Star Wars is a real possibility?
 
In this episode of Space Matters, we sit down with four trailblazing experts in space security: Victoria Sampson (Secure World Foundation), Jessica West (Project Ploughshares), Almudena Azcárate Ortega (UN Institute for Disarmament Research), and Sarah Erickson (UN Institute for Disarmament Research). Each shares their unique journey into the space sector, shedding light on the winding paths that led them to their current roles in space governance. The episode dives into the historical roots of space security, exploring the military origins of space exploration, the critical lessons learned from Cold War-era nuclear tests, and the development of international space treaties.
 
This podcast episode offers valuable insights for anyone interested in space governance, international law, and the intersection of technology and global security. Tune in to hear from the experts who are leading the way in shaping the future of space security.
 
For more information about our podcast guests:
 
Jessica West, Project Ploughshares: https://www.ploughshares.ca/author/jessica-west
 
Victoria Samson, Secure World Foundation: https://swfound.org/about-us/our-team/victoria-samson/
 
Almudena Azcarate Ortega, UN Institute for Disarmament Research: https://unidir.org/people/almudena-azcarate-ortega/
 
Sarah Erikson, UN Institute for Disarmament Research: https://unidir.org/people/sarah-erickson/
 
More information on topics discussed:

• Outer Space Treaty: https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introouterspacetreaty.html
• More information about the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: https://disarmament.unoda.org/wmd/nuclear/npt/#:~:text=The%20NPT%20is%20a%20landmark,and%20general%20and%20complete%20disarmament.

• UN Res 75/36 establishing the Open-Ended Working Group: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3895440?v=pdf
• UN A/Res 77/41 calling for a moratorium on direct-ascent anti-satellite weapons https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F77%2F41&Language=E
• Secure World Foundation report "Direct-Ascent Anti-Satellite Missile Tests: State Positions on the Moratorium, UNGA Resolution, and Lessons for the Future" https://swfound.org/news/all-news/2023/10/direct-ascent-anti-satellite-missile-tests-state-positions-on-the-moratorium-unga-resolution-and-lessons-for-the-future/
• Recap report by UNIDIR on the OEWG (authored by Almudena and Sarah) https://unidir.org/publication/oewg-on-reducing-space-threats-recap-report/
• Recap report on the OEWG by Project Ploughshares (authored by Jess West) https://www.ploughshares.ca/reports/the-open-ended-working-group-on-reducing-space-threats-final-recap
• Cassandra Steer, "Making Arms Control Work"  https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/making-space-arms-control-work
• Secure World Foundation, "Global Counterspace Capabilities Report" (co-authored by Victoria Samson and Brian Weeden) https://swfound.org/counterspace/
• UNIDIR report "Space Security and Sustainability: Why Is It Essential for Small Island Nations?" (co-authored by Almudena and Sarah)  https://unidir.org/publication/space-security-and-sustainability-why-is-it-essential-for-small-island-nations/

What does a space lawyer do? Join senior fellow Dr. Kat Robison and research affiliate Joel Lisk in this episode of Space Matters, the Space Governance Podcast. They discuss the landscape of space regulation, focusing on Australian domestic space law and broader challenges in outer space regulation. Joel's insights cover the intersection of space laws with cultural and scientific rights, intellectual property rights in space, space debris, and data security. He also explores the future of space law amidst the commercialisation of outer space. 

Welcome to a new episode where we discuss the Australian Centre for Space Governance's recent survey on Australian attitudes towards space activities. This study reveals a significant lack of awareness and knowledge about space activities among Australians, highlighting a gap between public interest in space and actual knowledge about space technologies. This podcast episode provides an in-depth discussion on the implications of these findings for space governance and public policy. Join Dr. Aleksandar Deejay, along with Dr. Tristan Moss and Dr. Kat Robison-Hasani, as they explore the most comprehensive public opinion poll on understandings of space conducted in Australia. They discuss the critical need for clearer messaging and communication about the impact of space activities on daily life, national needs, and government priorities, and suggest ways to enhance public understanding and engagement with space governance.   Today's conversation is crucial for anyone interested in how space activities are viewed by the public and the importance of effective communication to bridge the knowledge gap. Insights from this episode will help shape future initiatives to better integrate public awareness into space policy and governance.   Link to survey: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_d028d1b713fe425d98f0ecb0064c1329.pd

In this episode of “Space Matters: The Space Governance podcast”, join our chair, Dr. Cassandra Steer, as she discusses Earth Observation, its role in our daily lives, its applications, and its governance. Our special guest, Stephen Ward, shares his journey into the space sector and discusses his work with Symbios in Earth Observation governance. This episode explores the transformative potential of Earth Observation to both change and save the world, while also addressing the recent cancellation of the National Space Mission for Earth Observation. We examine the risks associated with data dependency, the necessity for continuity, and the international institutions governing these advanced technologies. The discussion also covers the involvement of the commercial sector, highlighting both the opportunities and concerns it brings to Earth Observation. Tune in to learn how Australia can best position itself to manage and responsibly use commercial space activities. Check out the papers we discuss in this episode and additional resources you may find interesting: ACSG report on EO data: https://www.spacegovcentre.org/_files/ugd/ed2eed_e154dbf09cc34fa7b7088d7794df0f73.pdf   Continuity of EO Data for Australia: https://www.eoa.org.au/news/2024/4/9/continuity-of-earth-observation-data-for-australia-risks-report-released   Symbios Communications: https://symbios.space/   CEOS: https://ceos.org/about-ceos/overview/

Welcome to today's episode where we dive deep into the vital work of the Australian Centre for Space Governance (ACSG). The ACSG advocates for responsible space governance and seeks to advance Australia’s interests in space in the 21st century.  Established as an interdisciplinary hub for space law and governance, ACSG is dedicated to serving the comprehensive needs of government bodies, industry leaders, and a wide array of stakeholders within the space sector. As Australia continues to expand its presence in space, the Centre plays a significant role in shaping Australia’s legal and governance frameworks essential for ethical and responsible space exploration and utilisation.   Join Dr Cassandra Steer and Dr Kat Robison as they discuss the establishment and mission of the ACSG, introducing the internationally recognised Steering Committee and Members. This is the launchpad of a series of podcast episodes looking at Australia’s interests in space in the 21st century.     To find out more from the ACSG:  Visit our website at https://www.spacegovcentre.org/   And follow us on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/spacegovcentre/  

Get ready for the launch of our new podcast series “Space Matters: The Space Governance Podcast”, brought to you by the Australian Centre for Space Governance (ACSG). Join us for the first episode where Dr. Cassandra Steer and Dr. Kat Robinson will take us through the ACSG’s mission in advancing Australia’s space interests in the 21st century, and advocating for responsible space governance.    Discover how ACSG's interdisciplinary approach to space law and governance is shaping the future of Australia's space sector. This inaugural podcast introduces the importance in understanding the complexities of space governance and the strategic importance of responsible space exploration and utilisation.   Stay tuned and prepare to learn more about Australia's evolving journey in space law and governance.