PODCAST · science
The Scientific Worldview
by Daniel Gambacorta
Professor Daniel Gambacorta and Behavior Interventionist Atanah Shannon explore the big questions in science and philosophy. What is consciousness? Do we have free will? Are we living in a simulation??? Find out on the next episode of... The Scientific Worldview.
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44
Will AI destroy the world?
This episode features: -Will AI replace all human jobs? -When will we get artificial general intelligence? -When will we get superintelligence? -What is the chance that a billion people die in a global catastrophe? -What is the chance that humanity goes extinct? -In a world with advanced AI, will life feel meaningless? -Is it possible to clone humans? -Can you upload your mind to a computer? -Why did humanity take over the world? -Would it be possible to create an artificial intelligence that is smarter than any human? -Will there be a "singularity"? -How will governments react to developments in AI? -Why do people oppose AI?
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43
Why do women make less money than men?
This episode features: -Is American society sexist? -Do men hate women? -Are men more likely to commit suicide? -Why are most divorces initiated by women? -Are women discriminated against in university? -Are women held to the same standards as men in the military and law-enforcement? -Do police reduce crime? -Does incarceration reduce crime? -Why does the United States imprison so many people? -Which parts of the world have the highest crime rates? -Why did shoplifting increase in San Francisco? -Why do young people commit more crime? -Why do men commit more crime? -Does poverty cause crime? -Do smart people commit more crime? -Do genes predispose people to commit crimes? -Does therapy reduce recidivism?
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42
Is freedom of speech dangerous?
This episode features: -Did mask mandates help prevent the spread of covid? -Why did the US government engage in censorship during the pandemic? -Does violent media cause violence? -What are the benefits of religion? -Should there be limits on artistic expression? -Why does the truth matter? -What is cancel culture? -Should men be allowed to talk about abortion? -Who decides what counts as "hate speech"? -Why are some forms of bigotry acceptable, while others are not? -What is the euphemism treadmill? -What do Hispanic people think of the term "Latinx"?
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41
Is porn bad?
This episode features: -Does porn cause sexual assault? -Does porn cause people to have more sex? -Will climate change destroy the world? -Is death bad? -Does death give meaning to life? -Does death give us motivation? -If we were immortal, would life get boring? -Is immortality physically possible? -Why are people attracted to religions, cults, and political ideologies? -Why do so many ideologies predict the end of the world is coming soon? -Should we restrict how much soda people drink?
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40
Should prostitution be legal?
This episode features: -Should polygamy be legal? -Should you be able to sell your organs? -Should euthanasia be legal? -Is it permissible to sell children? -Is surrogacy wrong? -Does surrogacy harm the child? -Is it acceptable for someone to use surrogacy to have as many children as possible? -Is it ethical to create many embryos and then choose which to implant based on genes? -Should we use genetic engineering to address disabilities? -Should we use genetic engineering to enhance ourselves? -Is incest between consenting adults wrong?
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39
Is abortion wrong?
This episode features: -Is there a "moment" of conception? -Are most abortions due to recklessness? -Is the death penalty wrong? -Should we use corporal punishment? -Is solitary confinement ethical? -Is it wrong to kill animals? -Does equality matter? -What is fairness? -Do some people deserve more than others? -Is taxation theft? -Should the government take from the rich and give to the poor? -Should the government take from the beautiful and give to the ugly? -Should the government take from the tall and give to the short?
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38
Does suffering make life meaningful?
This episode features: -Is suffering always bad? -Is suffering necessary for great art? -Is having kids good or bad? -Would the world be better with more people in it? -Would the world be better off without humanity? -Do we want to be sad sometimes? -What's the point of sports? -Is life mostly suffering? -If we live in a deterministic universe, is anyone responsible for their actions? -Are psychopaths responsible for their crimes? -What is the relationship between effective altruism and autism?
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37
Can torture be justified?
This episode features: -Should transgender women compete in women's sports? -Should we have open borders? -Is it wrong to eat your dog? -When is it OK to break a promise? -When is it OK to lie? -Is it OK to steal if you really need the money? -If somebody wants to become a slave, should they be able to? -Are you obligated to donate to charity? -Do rights exist? -Why are people donating their money to help shrimp?
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36
Should criminals suffer?
This episode features: -Should a doctor kill one patient to save five? -Is nationalism good or bad? -Which is more morally valuable, a pig or 1000 squirrels? -Are fish conscious? -Are trees morally valuable? -Should we care about AIs even if they aren't conscious? -Are you obligated to keep a promise you made to a dead person? -Is art valuable even if nobody looks at it? -Is withdrawing life-support the same as murder? -Which is better: an unequal world with more happiness, or an equal world with less happiness? -Is it wrong to favor your child over a random stranger? -Is love bad? -Is an immortal lizard more valuable than all of humanity? -Is utilitarianism useless in an infinite universe?
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35
Is happiness all that matters?
This episode features: -Do animals matter? -Would it be bad if humanity went extinct? -Should you kill one person to save five? -Should you kill your friend to save five strangers? -Does the environment matter? -Why do we care less when more lives are on the line? -Were philosophers from 200 years ago right about everything? -Should you donate to charity? -What are the best charities to donate to? -Should we care more about people close to us than people who are farther away? -Is it wrong to buy yourself an ice cream? -What is effective altruism? -Should you go vegan? -Should you switch from eating chicken to eating beef? -Do future people matter? -What could we do to change the future? -Are we at risk of extinction?
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34
Is morality real?
This episode features: -Is morality objective? -Does morality come from God? -If God tells you to torture babies, should you do it? -Why are women more likely to be vegan? -Why are men more supportive of war? -Why are introverts more libertarian? -Is everyone evil? -How do people find meaning in their lives? -Why are people so obsessed with politics? -Why care about morality? -Have humans evolved to perceive moral truth? -Do most people think that morality is objective? -What is the appeal of an objective morality? -What's the point of ethics?
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33
Is beauty real?
This episode features: -Is beauty objective? -What does it mean to have good taste in music? -Are some people better at recognizing beauty? -How do musical preferences change as people age? -Do people tend to like the music that came out when they were young? -Can you predict somebody's musical taste based on their personality? -Is music today better than the music of the past? -Why are people drawn to magical explanations? -Is morality objective? -Would aliens agree with us on moral questions? -Has there been moral progress? -Why do the young and the old disagree on moral issues? -Why has the world gotten more liberal over time?
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32
Is math real?
This episode features: -Is math invented or discovered? -What is truth? -What is reality? -Would intelligent aliens use the same math as us? -Do infants know math? -Do animals know math? -Can you trust your own reasoning? -Why does reasoning work? -Why is math so useful?
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31
Has violence declined?
This episode features: -Were our ancestors cannibals? -Why did people engage in human sacrifice? -Is slavery still practiced today? -Do we work more than people of the past? -Is the world better than it used to be? -Were our hunter-gatherer ancestors peaceful? -The history of torture -The history of slavery -The history of infanticide -Is school bullying on the rise? -Has the world suicide rate been increasing? -Has our treatment of animals improved or gotten worse?
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30
What's wrong with capitalism?
This episode features: -What's wrong with socialism? -Are taxes necessary? -Why are drugs so expensive when they first come out? -Do we need the government to protect the environment? -Why did prohibition fail? -Do politicians understand economics? -Are government bureaucrats lazy? -Are Scandinavian countries socialist? -What is communism? -Why were so many people murdered, tortured, and imprisoned under socialist regimes? -How is our understanding of history biased? -Is history written by the victors? -How was the history of the American Civil War taught differently in northern versus southern states?
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29
Are CEOs overpaid?
This episode features: -Are labor unions bad? -How should we respond to AI generated art? -Why do we use high fructose corn syrup instead of sugar? -Why does the price of everything end with 99? -Why do people tip more than they used to? -Why do so many products have extra fees? ("Service fee", "convenience fee" etc.) -How do department stores trick you into feeling like you're getting a great deal? -Should we stifle innovation in order to protect jobs? -Is free trade good? -Why do we have tariffs? -Why does the government cater to special interest groups? -What is a cartel?
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28
Why is housing so expensive?
This episode features: -Is rent control bad? -Should we have a minimum wage? -Why do most economists oppose raising the minimum wage? -Does the minimum wage increase unemployment? -Why are there housing shortages? -Why has housing quality gone down in some cities? -Why isn't new housing being built? -Why don't current homeowners want new housing to be built? -What would happen if it was illegal to tip waiters? -Why do you need a license to be a hairdresser? -Why do you need a license to be an interior designer? -Why do you need a license to shampoo hair in Tennessee?
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27
What is money?
This episode features: -What causes inflation? -Why doesn't the government just print a bunch of money and give it to people? -Why did two British musicians set one million pounds on fire? -What would happen if we set one trillion dollars on fire? -Why do big businesses treat their employees better than small businesses? -Can we reduce gun violence by buying people's guns from them? -Why did gun violence go down in Australia in the 90s? -How did Walmart become so successful? -Why is America rich? -Are prices set by greed? -The invisible hand -Why is it good for prices to go up during a shortage? -Why does the price of everything go up over time? -Why is it common for economic policies to be worse than useless?
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26
Will we run out of jobs?
This episode features: -Was life better in the 1950s? -Will we run out of natural resources? -Has global inequality been increasing or decreasing? -Are rich people happier? -Why has human life expectancy more than doubled? -Why is the world so rich compared to the past? -Just how rich is the United States? -Why is most news negative? -If population goes up, will that make us richer or poorer? -What happens when artificial intelligence can perform all human jobs? -Are humans selfish?
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25
Does learning make you smarter?
This episode features: -Can posing like Wonder Woman improve your public speaking ability? -Can the future affect the past? -Have scientists found evidence for the existence of psychic powers? -Why is there an average difference in math scores between men and women? -Where do stereotypes come from? -Is psychology politically biased? -Is "growth mindset" real? -Is "priming" real? -Is "stereotype threat" real? -Can you affect the way someone votes by showing them an American flag? -How to tell if research is reliable or not -Is willpower a limited resource? -Can you replenish your willpower by consuming glucose?
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24
Can science be trusted?
This episode features: -Why are Irish people able to drink milk in adulthood? -Do scientists intentionally produce fake research? -What tricks do scientists use to get the results that they want? -How do new words get invented? -Who decides how a language is spoken? -How does science work? -What percent of studies are trustworthy? -Why do psychology textbooks contain inaccurate information? -Where do social norms come from?
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23
Where do memes come from?
This episode features: -Do celebrity suicides cause people to commit suicide? -Why do we use the QWERTY keyboard? -Why doesn't the United States use the metric system? -Are chimpanzees smarter than children? -How long can a person survive in the wilderness for? -Why did humans take over the planet? -Why do we copy celebrities? -How do marketers prey on our psychology? -Why do people care about the political beliefs of actors? -How do memes spread? -Why do common expressions often rhyme? -Why is there so much political outrage on social media? -Why do so many people want to immigrate to the United States? -Why do successful religions tend to encourage reproduction? -What is the function of conservative moral intuitions?
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22
Are most college degrees useless?
This episode features: -Why does the average US wedding cost $30,000? -Does college make you smarter? -Does college build character? -Do you forget most of what you learn in college? -Why does Coca-Cola spend so much money on advertising? -Why don't countries just agree to get rid of their nuclear weapons? -How to get a world-class college education for free -Why do jobs today require more education than they used to?
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21
What is the best form of government?
This episode features: -Who's prettier, liberals or conservatives? -Who's happier, liberals or conservatives? -Why do politicians sometimes intentionally make things worse? -Do we have an innate political instinct? -If most voters are ignorant, how could democracy work? -Is democracy good? -What are the upsides of monarchy? -What causes political gridlock? -How do genes affect politics? -What makes people feel awe? -The politics of surrogacy, sex work, and healthcare
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20
Why do people vote?
This episode features: -Is empathy bad? -Is there such thing as "real" altruism? -Why are people altruistic? -How do people decide which charity to donate to? -Why was the Ice Bucket Challenge so successful? -Can you make money by donating to charity? -What is the probability that your vote will determine the outcome of a presidential election? -Do people vote their self-interest? -Do taller politicians receive more votes? -Do attractive politicians win more elections?
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19
Is morality innate or learned?
This episode features: -Do babies have a sense of right and wrong? -How are liberals psychologically different from conservatives? -Is it morally permissible to recline your seat on an airplane? -The psychology of abortion rights, gay marriage, environmentalism, and organ trade -The psychology of drugs, gambling, and prostitution -Do genes influence moral judgment? -Do genes predict someone's political beliefs? -Which moral principles are found across all cultures? -The trolley problem
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18
How does social media shape politics?
This episode features: -How do salespeople manipulate us? -Why do food delivery apps lie to us? -How do people use fashion to show off their social status? -Why do so many people hate the rich? -Persuasion techniques -Dating dynamics -Are most people conformist sheep? -Would most people electrocute a puppy just because an authority figure told them to do so?
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17
Are women smarter than men?
This episode features: -How to have a smart baby -Are people with bigger brains smarter? -Are people with bigger heads smarter? -Does mental illness make someone more creative? -What determines someone's personality? -What determines someone's intelligence? -Do smarter people make more money? -How does your personality change as you age? -Can intelligence be measured? -Are there multiple types of intelligence? -Do Head Start programs make kids smarter? -Could genetic engineering make humanity smarter? -Are smarter people more creative? -Does creative brilliance require 10,000 hours of practice?
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16
What makes life meaningful?
-Why do people like scary movies? -What does your bedroom say about your personality? -Is the Myers-Briggs legit? -How do men and women differ in terms of personality? -Why do people choose to suffer? -Why do people like art? -Why do some people like exercising? -Why do religious rituals sometimes involve pain? -What can you know about someone after meeting them briefly? -Why was someone willing to pay hundreds of dollars for Britney Spears' chewed up bubblegum?
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15
Are most people happy?
-Does having children make people happy? -Are men happier than women? -What draws people into racist/sexist ideologies? -Are religious people happier than non-religious people? -Are polygraph tests effective at detecting lies? -Are police officers good at detecting lies? -Can money buy you happiness? -Are extroverts happier than introverts?
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14
Do antidepressants work?
-Does psychotherapy work? -Three massive experiments tell us that some modern medicine must be useless or harmful -Why are doctors biased towards more aggressive treatment and testing? -Is acupuncture effective? Chiropractic? Naturopathy? Reiki? -Freud's ideas about "penis envy" and the Oedipus complex -Why was bloodletting practiced for 2000 years? -Can electroconvulsive therapy treat depression? -Things that can help people who are anxious or depressed
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13
Is suicide contagious?
-Why have rates of transgender identification increased in adolescents? -Why did anorexia become much more common starting in 1983? -Why is depression more common in women? -Is depression caused by low levels of serotonin? -Is depression a disease? -Why do most people with major depression have an anxiety disorder as well? -Does telling people about PTSD make them more likely to develop PTSD? -Puppy pregnancy syndrome: after being bit by a dog, people believe they are pregnant with puppies
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12
Why do we dream?
This episode features: -Why do liberals and conservatives hate each other? -Are there hidden symbols in dreams? -Can dreams predict the future? -Can you learn while sleeping? -Why do we sleep? -Treatments for insomnia -How to learn better -How to accurately predict how long it will take to finish your Christmas shopping
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11
What is the structure of the mind?
This episode features: -How often do people lie? -Do we deceive ourselves? -What happens when you disconnect the two hemispheres of the brain? -Blindsight: some blind people can still use visual information to make decisions -What is the most disliked personality trait? -Why can't people admit when they're wrong? -Why are most people overly optimistic? -Why do most people think that they are better than the average person?
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10
Why are men more violent than women?
This episode features: -How common are homicidal fantasies? -Why are men overrepresented in high status professions? -Why are men taller than women (on average)? -Why are men strong? -Why isn't everyone beautiful? -Why isn't everyone smart? -Why does mental illness exist? -What is the purpose of romantic jealousy?
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9
Why do we love?
This episode features: -How do humans detect cheaters? -Can you tell how generous someone is by the way they look? -What is the #1 rated most desirable trait in a long-term mate? -What does Maury Povich teach us about human nature? -Why is your mother's mother your nicest grandparent? -Why do mothers invest more in their children compared to fathers? -Why would somebody donate their kidney to a stranger? -Are humans selfish?
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8
Who cheats more, men or women?
This episode features: -Do men have more sexual fantasies than women? -Why are men attracted to younger women? -Was homosexuality selected for by evolution? -What are women attracted to? -Why do pregnant women develop food aversions? -Why do people like spicy food? -Why do humans make art?
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7
Is homosexuality genetic?
This episode features: -Will teaching your child to play violin make them smarter? -Do genes determine someone's personality? -Do genes determine how smart someone is? -Do genes affect how happy you are? -Do genes affect whether you'll get married? -Are psychopaths responsible for the crimes they commit? -Do parents affect the political beliefs of their children? -Has the world gotten better or worse over the last 200 years? -Did the DARE program reduce drug use? -Did the Scared Straight program reduce crime?
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6
How does evolution work?
This episode features: -Why do we get goosebumps? -Why do some people turn red when they drink alcohol? -Do people around the world express emotion in the same way? -Why are so many people afraid of snakes? -If you have two siblings, can you be more genetically related to one than the other? -Why do giraffes have long necks? -Why do ostriches have wings? -Did humans "evolve from" monkeys?
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5
What is sex?
This episode features: -Why do people wear ugly clothing? -Why do people overestimate how often they do the dishes? -How do marketers manipulate us into spending more money? -Why do people finish boring movies? -How to make optimal decisions (using math!) -The gambler's fallacy -Is a hotdog a sandwich? -What is sex? -Is sex on a spectrum?
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4
Is there a God?
This episode features: -What is probability? -Bayes' theorem -Is there a God? -Can you prove that God does *not* exist? -Can morality exist without God? -Are religious experiences hallucinations? -Pascal's wager -If there is a God, why is there so much suffering in the world?
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3
Do we have free will?
This episode features: -Is the universe deterministic? -Do we have free will? -What is death? -Brain emulation -Cryonics -Is astrology accurate? -Are ghosts real? -Is it possible to speak with the dead? -Do psychic powers exist? -Do souls exist?
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2
Are we living in a simulation?
This episode features: -The doomsday argument -Is our universe fine-tuned for life? -Are we living in a simulation? -What is consciousness made of? -Are animals conscious? Which ones? -The Sleeping Beauty problem -Panpsychism
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1
Why is there something rather than nothing?
This episode features: -Why is there something rather than nothing? -How big is space? -Do parallel universes exist? -Are there aliens? -How did life originate? -The Fermi paradox -What is time? -Is time travel possible? -Quantum mechanics
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ABOUT THIS SHOW
Professor Daniel Gambacorta and Behavior Interventionist Atanah Shannon explore the big questions in science and philosophy. What is consciousness? Do we have free will? Are we living in a simulation??? Find out on the next episode of... The Scientific Worldview.
HOSTED BY
Daniel Gambacorta
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