Today in History With Alfher

The first United Nations General Assembly is held on January 10th, 1946. Background music by tyops on freesound.org Sources: Mingst, Karen, and Cecelia M Lynch. “United Nations - Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peace Building.” In Encyclopædia Britannica, December 20, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations/Peacekeeping-peacemaking-and-peace-building. “United Nations: Charter of the United Nations.” The American Journal of International Law 39, no. 3 (1945): 190–229. https://doi.org/10.2307/2213923. Un.org. “United Nations.” United Nations, 2023. https://www.un.org/en/. Walter H. C. Laves, and Francis O. Wilcox. “The First Meeting of the General Assembly of the United Nations.” The American Journal of International Law 40, no. 2 (1946): 346–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/2193195.

Columbus thinks manatees are mermaids. background music by guitarman213 on freesound.org Sources: Paul, Heike. “Christopher Columbus and the Myth of ‘Discovery.’” In The Myths That Made America: An Introduction to American Studies, 43–88. Transcript Verlag, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1wxsdq.5. Tinker, Tink, and Mark Freeland. “Thief, Slave Trader, Murderer: Christopher Columbus and Caribbean Population Decline.” Wicazo Sa Review 23, no. 1 (2008): 25–50. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30131245. www.originalsources.com. “Original Sources - the Journal of Columbus,” n.d. https://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=JQGWFCXQNLAH4N8.

January 8th, 1877, Crazy Horse had his last battle with American Troops. Background music by guitarman213 on freesound.org Sources “Crazy Horse.” Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, January 1, 2018, 1; https://search-ebscohost-com.proxy.wichita.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=funk&AN=cr238000&site=ehost-live. Editors, History com. “Crazy Horse Fights Last Battle.” HISTORY, n.d. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/crazy-horse-fights-last-battle. Michno, Gregory F. “Crazy Horse, Custer, and the Sweep to the North.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 43, no. 3 (1993): 42–53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4519597. The Edward Clown Family, and William B. Matson. 2016. Crazy Horse : The Lakota Warrior’s Life & Legacy. Vol. Digital edition 1.0. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. https://search-ebscohost-com.proxy.wichita.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1335953&site=ehost-live.

The Jovian moons were discovered, and Galileo got the coveted seat on the Medicean court. Background Music by by ZHRØ on free sound.org Sources: Baalke, Ron. “Discovery of the Galilean Satellites.” www2.jpl.nasa.gov. Accessed January 7, 2024. https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/ganymede/discovery.html#:~:text=Galileo%20first%20observed%20the%20moons. Cox, Lauren. “Who Invented the Telescope?” Space.com, December 21, 2017. https://www.space.com/21950-who-invented-the-telescope.html. GINGERICH, OWEN. “Galileo, the Impact of the Telescope, and the Birth of Modern Astronomy.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 155, no. 2 (2011): 134–41. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23056830.

There is no date for certain, but it is believed today is the day that Joan of Arc was born. What is the actual story behind her though? Marching and Chanting sound by Yap Audio Production on freesound.org, troubadour background by cormi on freesound.org. Sources: Frank, John P. “The Trial of Joan of Arc.” Litigation 23, no. 2 (1997): 51–69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29759909. Lanhers, Yvonne. “St. Joan of Arc - Character and Importance.” In Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Joan-of-Arc/Character-and-importance. Peters, Julie Stone. “Joan of Arc Internationale.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) 91 (1997): 120–26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25659110. Taylor, Larissa Juliet. “JOAN OF ARC, THE CHURCH, AND THE PAPACY, 1429-1920.” The Catholic Historical Review 98, no. 2 (2012): 217–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23240136. Tiefenbrun, Susan. Review of Why the Medieval Trial of Joan of Arc Is of Particular Interest Today, by Daniel Hobbins. Journal of Law and Religion 21, no. 2 (2006): 469–73. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30040603.

So what happened when Pope Clement VII said no? Well.....the Church of England happened. Choir singing Agnus Dei from William Byrd.Choir is Capella Ducis Sounds from klankbeeld on freesound.org Sources: Michael de Ferdinandy. “Charles v | Biography, Reign, Abdication, & Facts.” In Encyclopædia Britannica, February 20, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-V-Holy-Roman-emperor. Morrill, John S, and Geoffrey R Elton. “Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, & Facts.” In Encyclopædia Britannica, August 17, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VIII-king-of-England.

Ever wonder why it's called Braille? Well, because it's named after the kid who made it! Background Sound from Freesounds.com, made and distributed by FreeToUseSounds. Sources: Barlow, Vernon. “THE CENTENARY of LOUIS BRAILLE,” September 5, 1952. “Braille Anniversary.” The British Medical Journal 3, no. 5979 (1975): 339–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20474018..

The Meiji Restoration was a massive part in changing Japan to be what it is today. Sources: Britannica. “Meiji Restoration.” In Encyclopædia Britannica, September 27, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/event/Meiji-Restoration. Horie, Yasuzo. “The Economic Significance of the Meiji Restoration.” Kyoto University Economic Review 12, no. 2 (December 1937): 63–81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43217295. Society, Japan. “The Meiji Restoration Era, 1868-1889.” Japan Society, June 11, 2021. https://japansociety.org/news/the-meiji-restoration-era-1868-1889/. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Charter Oath | Japanese History | Britannica.” In Encyclopædia Britannica, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/event/Charter-Oath.

What happened on January 2nd? A famed opera singer left the stage in front of the Italian President and several people from Rome's high society! Sources: “CALLAS REPRIMANDED: Musical Artists Guild Scores Her on Breaking Pact,” January 28, 1958. Hofmann, Paul. “Rome Crowds Denounce Callas; Physicians Say Her Voice Failed: Rome,” January 3, 1958. “MARIA CALLAS AILING: Singer Continues in Role of Norma at ‘Met,’” November 4, 1956.

Where did the calendar start? Well, lets take a deep dive into that! Today was the implementation of the Julian calendar, originally set up during Julius Caesar's time!