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Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air by Joseph Priestley (1733 - 1804)

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Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air by Joseph Priestley (1733 - 1804)

Joseph Priestley, FRS was an 18th-century English theologian, Dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher, chemist, educator, and political theorist who published over 150 works. In “Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air,” he reviews experiments with gases. A common theme in this work is measuring the volumes of gases held in glass tubes, and their increase or decrease when exposed to other substances. He also tests the effects of gases on mice, plants and insects. Priestley demonstrated that fixed air (now known as CO2) can be produced from several reactions including alcoholic fermentation, combustion and a mixture of oil of vitriol and chalk (sulfuric acid and calcium oxide). He also showed that it is soluble in water, and that its toxic effects can be reduced when agitated in water. In other experiments, he showed that combinations of gases can mix to form a smaller volume than the sum of both separate gases, as when he combined common air (atmospheric ai

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  1. 23

    PART II,Sect. III. Of Nitrous Air

  2. 22

    PART II,Sect. IV. Of Marine Acid Air

  3. 21

    PART II,Sect. V. Of Inflammable Air

  4. 20

    PART II, Sect. VI. Of Fixed Air, Sect. VII. Miscellaneous Experiments

  5. 19

    PART II, Sect. VIII. Queries, Speculations, and Hints

  6. 18

    APPENDIX, Numbers I, II

  7. 17

    APPENDIX, Number III

  8. 16

    APPENDIX, Numbers IV, V, VI, VII

  9. 15

    PREFACE

  10. 14

    INTRODUCTION, Sect. 1, 2

  11. 13

    PART I, Sect. I. Of Fixed Air

  12. 12

    PART I, Sect. II. Of Air in which a Candle, or Brimstone, has burned out

  13. 11

    PART I, Sect. III. Of inflammable Air

  14. 10

    PART I, Sect. IV. Of Air infected with Animal Respiration, or Putrefaction, 1 of 2

  15. 9

    PART I, Sect. IV. Of Air infected with Animal Respiration, or Putrefaction, 2 of 2

  16. 8

    PART I, Sect. V. Of Air in which a mixture of Brimstone and Filings of Iron has stood

  17. 7

    PART I, Sect. VI. Of Nitrous Air

  18. 6

    PART I, Sect. VII. Of Air infected with the fumes of burning Charcoal

  19. 5

    PART I, Sect. VIII. Of the effect of the calcination of Metals, and of the effluvia of Paint made with White-Lead and Oil, on Air

  20. 4

    PART I, Sect. IX. Of Marine Acid Air

  21. 3

    PART I, Sect. X. Miscellaneous Observations

  22. 2

    PART II, Sect. I. Observations on Alkaline Air

  23. 1

    PART II, Sect. II. Of common Air diminished, and made noxious by various processes

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ABOUT THIS SHOW

Joseph Priestley, FRS was an 18th-century English theologian, Dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher, chemist, educator, and political theorist who published over 150 works. In “Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air,” he reviews experiments with gases. A common theme in this work is measuring the volumes of gases held in glass tubes, and their increase or decrease when exposed to other substances. He also tests the effects of gases on mice, plants and insects. Priestley demonstrated that fixed air (now known as CO2) can be produced from several reactions including alcoholic fermentation, combustion and a mixture of oil of vitriol and chalk (sulfuric acid and calcium oxide). He also showed that it is soluble in water, and that its toxic effects can be reduced when agitated in water. In other experiments, he showed that combinations of gases can mix to form a smaller volume than the sum of both separate gases, as when he combined common air (atmospheric ai

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