Journal of Military and Veteran’s Health - JMVH

"Treating combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder using Therapeutic Fly-Fishing with EMDR (TF-EMDR)" by A Parmenter introduces Therapeutic Fly-Fishing with EMDR (TF-EMDR), a novel treatment framework designed specifically for military veterans and active-duty personnel suffering from combat-related PTSD. The author argues that while nature-based interventions show promise, they often lack the clinical oversight and evidence-based structure necessary for safe trauma recovery. By integrating the eight-phase EMDR protocol with the simplified Japanese fishing method known as Tenkara, the model uses the rhythmic motion of casting as a form of bilateral stimulation. This approach aims to decrease the stigma associated with traditional office-based therapy by moving the healing process into natural environments. Ultimately, the source serves as both a clinical guide for trained therapists and a call for further research into combining ecological activities with established psychotherapeutic modalities. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/treating-combat-related-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-using-therapeutic-fly-fishing-with-emdr-tf-emdr/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Load Carriage and the Female Soldier" by Venerina Johnson examines how heavy load carriage impacts the physiological, biomechanical, and long-term health of female soldiers. The authors highlight that carrying significant weight alters gait and spinal alignment, which increases the risk of overuse injuries and metabolic strain. They also identify gender-specific challenges, such as the female athlete triad, iron deficiency, and pelvic floor dysfunction, which are often exacerbated by military environments. A significant portion of the text discusses how ill-fitting equipment designed for male anatomy further compromises performance and safety. To mitigate these risks, the source advocates for structured physical conditioning, better nutritional education, and the redesign of body armor to accommodate female anthropometrics. Ultimately, the paper seeks to bridge the gap between female athletic research and military operational requirements to optimize soldier welfare. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/load-carriage-and-the-female-soldier/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"History of Tuberculosis. Part 2 – the Sanatoria and the Discoveries of the Tubercle Bacillus" by John Frith details the scientific evolution of tuberculosis management, tracing its journey from a lethal epidemic to a treatable condition. It highlights the foundational discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Robert Koch in 1882, which shifted the medical understanding of the disease from a hereditary ailment to an infectious one. The text examines early treatment methods, including the rise of isolated sanatoria and invasive surgical techniques like lung collapse therapy. It also explores diagnostic milestones, such as the implementation of X-rays and the development of the BCG vaccine. Furthermore, the source addresses modern challenges, specifically the resurgence of the illness alongside HIV and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Finally, it notes the historical impact on military populations, emphasizing how close quarters and global deployments continue to make the disease a significant concern for armed forces. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/history-of-tuberculosis-part-2-the-sanatoria-and-the-discoveries-of-the-tubercle-bacillus/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

50 episodes of the JMVH podcast series!! What a milestone.  Thank you for your support, we are glad you enjoy our articles as much as we do! "Casualties in Australian Military and Indigenous Para-Military Units in Papua New Guinea during the Second World War" by G Dennis Shanks examines the human cost of military operations in Papua New Guinea during World War II, focusing on the diverse mortality rates across different units. The author highlights how tropical diseases like malaria and dysentery often proved more lethal than direct combat, especially for indigenous labor forces and frontline infantry. By comparing Australian, American, and Japanese casualty data, the text illustrates how geographic isolation and logistical failures led to catastrophic losses. Special attention is given to the Papuan and New Guinean participants, whose vital contributions as scouts and carriers carried a significant risk of death. Ultimately, the source serves as a historical warning for modern military medical personnel regarding the unforgiving nature of jungle warfare. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/casualties-in-the-australian-military-and-indigenous-paramilitary-units-in-papua-new-guinea-during-world-war-ii/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"A SHORT LIFE RICH IN IMAGES: New Records of the Life of John Kirkpatrick (1892-1915) “Simpson” of the Australian Army Medical Corps" by John Pearn explores the life and enduring legacy of John Kirkpatrick, famously known as "Simpson," an iconic stretcher-bearer in the Australian Army Medical Corps. The authors present newly discovered archival evidence and photographs concerning his English childhood in South Shields, linking his early experiences with donkeys and maritime life-saving to his later heroics. Despite only serving for twenty-four days at Gallipoli, Kirkpatrick became a legendary figure of self-sacrifice, celebrated through various statues, coins, and stamps across multiple nations. The text clarifies historical details regarding his identity and upbringing, noting how a boy from humble beginnings evolved into a universal symbol of military medicine and compassion. Additionally, it highlights how his image has been memorialized alongside his donkey, which even received a posthumous award for bravery in saving lives. Through this comprehensive overview, the source examines why Kirkpatrick's brief operational service continues to resonate as a defining national icon for Australia. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/a-short-life-rich-in-images-new-records-of-the-life-of-john-kirkpatrick-1892-1915-simpson-of-the-australian-army-medical-corps/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Air travel and pregnancy – with reference to obstetric and perinatal aeromedical retrieval" by Jeffrey Stephensen evaluates the safety and medical implications of air travel for pregnant women and their newborns. Research indicates that flying is generally secure for healthy pregnancies up to 36 weeks, as common concerns like radiation and oxygen levels typically remain within safe limits. The text also analyzes aeromedical retrieval, noting that transporting a fetus "in-utero" is widely considered superior to moving a fragile neonate in an incubator. However, the author highlights that many emergency transfers occur due to hospital capacity issues rather than strictly clinical needs. Ultimately, while specialized flight services aim to reduce mortality rates, inconsistent data and logistical complexities make it difficult to quantify their exact impact on health outcomes. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/air-travel-and-pregnancy-with-reference-to-obstetric-and-perinatal-aeromedical-retrieval/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Military Effectiveness of Five Dietary Supplements Purported to Aid Cognitive and Physical Performance" by Bradley Baker evaluates the military effectiveness and safety of five common dietary supplements: Rhodiola rosea, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, beetroot juice, arginine, and beta-alanine. While these substances are often marketed as performance enhancers, researchers found that fish oils are the only supplement consistently recommended for health, though they likely do not boost immediate cognitive or physical results. The report warns that Rhodiola rosea and arginine lack reliable evidence for efficacy in highly fit personnel. Furthermore, beetroot juice and beta-alanine present potential safety risks or side effects that could undermine tactical performance. Ultimately, the authors conclude that most of these nutrients are already sufficient in a standard diet, making additional supplementation largely unnecessary for service members. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/military-effectiveness-of-five-dietary-supplements-purported-to-aid-cognitive-and-physical-performance/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Pacific Island Societies Destabilised by Infectious Diseases" by G Dennis Shanks explores how infectious diseases like measles and influenza caused mass depopulation in Pacific Island societies starting in the 18th century. A critical focus is placed on the disproportionate mortality of hereditary leaders, who faced higher risks due to diplomatic travel and crowded social customs. The sudden loss of these high-ranking chiefs caused severe political destabilization and the irreversible disappearance of oral traditions. In places like Fiji and Samoa, these leadership vacuums led to long-term societal changes, including the introduction of foreign labor and enduring ethnic tensions. Ultimately, the text argues that while such demographic collapses are unlikely today, the historical "decapitation" of these societies fundamentally reshaped the region's trajectory. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/pacific-island-societies-destabilised-by-infectious-diseases/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Glimpses of future battlefield medicine – the proliferation of robotic surgeons and unmanned vehicles and technologies" by Gary Martinic explores the growing integration of robotic surgical systems and unmanned ground vehicles within the field of military medicine. By utilizing advanced technologies like the BEAR extraction robot and the da Vinci surgical platform, the military aims to provide life-saving interventions in high-risk zones without exposing human medics to direct fire. These innovations include autonomous porters for logistics, remote-controlled stretchers for physiological monitoring, and portable operating rooms designed for rapid casualty care. Despite their promise, the text notes that these systems face hurdles regarding technical latency, high costs, and ethical concerns over increasing machine autonomy. Ultimately, the source positions these unmanned platforms as essential tools for the future of battlefield trauma care and logistical support. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/glimpses-of-future-battlefield-medicine-the-proliferation-of-robotic-surgeons-and-unmanned-vehicles-and-technologies/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"War-Related Dysentery Epidemics in the Australian Army" by G Dennis Shanks examines the persistent threat of dysentery throughout the history of the Australian Army, from the early 20th century to modern humanitarian crises. The author details how unhygienic conditions and poor sanitation fueled devastating epidemics during major conflicts, including the Gallipoli and Palestine campaigns. It highlights the catastrophic impact on prisoners of war and civilian populations in Papua New Guinea, where the disease caused thousands of deaths. While the development of antibiotics like sulphaguanidine eventually reduced mortality rates, the text emphasizes that the illness remains a significant risk during modern field exercises and global disasters. Ultimately, the source serves as a historical warning that fecal-oral pathogens continue to thrive whenever social and sanitary infrastructures collapse. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/https-doi-ds-org-doilink-03-2023-58866571-jmvh-vol-31-no-1/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Does Current Policy Support Reproductive Health of Australian Defence Force Veterans? A Review of Australian Defence Force Policy" by Rachelle Warner assesses how Australian Defence Force (ADF) policies address the sexual and reproductive health of its members and veterans, with a specific focus on the growing cohort of women. The authors highlight that while the military has updated guidelines for pregnancy management, assisted reproduction, and gender dysphoria, many existing protocols remain outdated or inconsistent with current medical best practices. Key issues identified include the physical impact of service on fertility and pelvic health, as well as the administrative challenges surrounding deployment restrictions and medical repatriations. The text notes that although infertility services and sterilization are supported through Medicare benchmarks, there are ongoing debates regarding preventative measures like gamete cryopreservation for high-risk roles. Ultimately, the source argues for a comprehensive policy overhaul to ensure that military healthcare reflects modern clinical standards and the unique biological needs of all personnel. This transformation is deemed essential for maintaining a capable fighting force and supporting the long-term well-being of veterans transitioning to civilian care. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/does-current-policy-support-reproductive-health-of-australian-defence-force-veterans-a-review-of-australian-defence-force-policy/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Intrinsic and External Factors and Influences on the Motivation of Suicide Attackers" by Gregor Bruce examines the complex psychological and social motivations that drive individuals to carry out suicide attacks. It distinguishes between different types of suicide terrorism, noting that while groups like the Tamil Tigers pioneered many modern tactics, motivations vary across religious, nationalistic, and personal lines. The author highlights that attackers are typically psychologically stable and influenced by factors such as revenge, the glorification of martyrdom, and financial rewards for their families. Terrorist organizations exploit these internal and external pressures to achieve tactical advantages in asymmetrical warfare. Ultimately, the source argues that no single profile exists for these individuals, as their actions result from a unique combination of environmental and ideological influences. You can read the original article here:  https://jmvh.org/article/motivation-of-suicide-attackers/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Psychological Screening in the Australian Defence Force: An Historical and Contemporary Analysis of what Works" by Kylie Tuppin analyzes the historical evolution and modern application of psychological screening within the Australian Defence Force. The authors distinguish between rapid screening, used to identify current disorders or cognitive traits like intelligence, and comprehensive assessments used for deeper diagnostic purposes. A critical finding of the review is that while screening effectively measures existing mental illness and aptitude, it has consistently failed to predict future psychological distress or combat breakdowns. To address current ambiguities, the text recommends standardizing screening tools and clearly separating those used for recruitment selection from those intended for mental health support. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that the military should adopt a nuanced, evidence-based approach rather than relying on broad mandates that lack predictive validity. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/psychological-screening-in-the-australian-defence-force-an-historical-and-contemporary-analysis-of-what-works/

"Poppy Seed and Prohibited Drug Testing" by Ross Mills examines how culinary poppy seed consumption can lead to unintended positive drug tests for morphine among military personnel. Through three Australian Navy case studies, the author demonstrates that eating common foods like seeded bread can trigger urinary morphine levels exceeding established testing thresholds. The text highlights that while thebaine serves as a unique chemical marker to identify poppy seeds as the source, the wide variability in seed potency and individual metabolism makes it difficult to predict these results. Because poppy seeds contain natural opiate alkaloids, they can produce misleading findings that mimic illegal drug use for up to 48 hours after ingestion. Ultimately, the source suggests that higher testing cut-offs or detailed laboratory analysis may be necessary to distinguish between harmless dietary habits and prohibited substance abuse. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/poppy-seed-and-prohibited-drug-testing/

"The neurophysiologic aspects of G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC)" by David G Newman examines G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), a critical physiological failure occurring when high acceleration forces prevent the cardiovascular system from delivering oxygenated blood to the brain. The author details the historical research and mathematical theories that define human tolerance limits, noting how modern fighter jets can easily exceed these biological boundaries. A central focus is the neurophysiologic timeline of an episode, which includes a brief functional buffer followed by periods of absolute and relative incapacitation. During recovery, pilots often experience physical convulsions, dream-like states, and significant cognitive confusion that can last for several seconds. The text emphasizes that event amnesia and psychological denial frequently follow these incidents, posing a lethal threat to flight safety. Ultimately, the source argues for a deeper understanding of these biological responses to develop more effective countermeasures for high-performance aviators. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/https-doi-ds-org-doilink-03-2023-12453347-jmvh-vol-6-no-3/

"Innovations from the Battlefield: Tourniquets" by Dominic Maher explores the historical evolution and modern resurgence of the tourniquet as a critical tool for survival. While these devices were often criticized as dangerous during the 19th and 20th centuries, data from recent Middle East conflicts proved they effectively stop catastrophic bleeding without causing widespread limb loss. The text highlights how military medical advancements and successful field applications led to a shift in institutional doctrine. This newfound evidence has directly influenced civilian emergency services, resulting in the widespread adoption of tourniquets by first responders and the general public. Ultimately, the source frames the tourniquet as a proven life-saving innovation that has transitioned from a controversial last resort to a standard of care. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/innovations-from-the-battlefield-tourniquets/

"Antimalarial Drug Supply Issues during the Second World War" by G. Dennis Shanks examines how antimalarial drug shortages severely compromised Allied military operations in the Southwest Pacific during World War II. The author explains that the Japanese seizure of cinchona plantations and European manufacturing hubs stripped the Allies of vital quinine and synthetic drug supplies, leading to massive non-combat casualties. Operations in regions like Papua New Guinea and the Philippines were stalled or lost until quinacrine production and strict medicinal discipline were established in 1943. By comparing these historical logistical failures to modern supply chain disruptions seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the text warns of the ongoing strategic risks posed by infectious diseases. Ultimately, the source highlights that medical logistics and anti-infective medications remain critical, yet vulnerable, components of national defense and regional stability. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/antimalarial-drug-supply-issues-during-world-war-ii/

"Effects of deployment on mental health in modern military forces: A review of longitudinal studies" by Peter Nasveld examines prospective longitudinal studies to determine how military deployment influences the mental health of service members and veterans. The findings highlight that actual combat exposure, rather than the simple act of being deployed, is the primary driver for conditions like PTSD and depression. Research indicates that certain factors, such as prior trauma or low baseline functional health, significantly increase an individual’s vulnerability to psychiatric issues after battle. Furthermore, the data suggests that mental health needs often evolve over time, sometimes intensifying months after a soldier returns home. Ultimately, the authors emphasize the necessity of ongoing health surveillance and targeted screenings to support those most at risk. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/effects-of-deployment-on-mental-health-in-modern-military-forces-a-review-of-longitudinal-studies/

"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Killing in Combat: A Review of Existing Literature" by Vicky Aldridge examines the complex psychological link between the act of killing in combat and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By analyzing various studies, the text reveals that service members who have taken a life generally report more severe trauma symptoms and higher levels of guilt or moral injury. Research indicates that the characteristics of the victim, such as being a civilian or a child, significantly intensify the emotional distress experienced by veterans. While most data suggests a strong correlation between combat killing and mental health struggles, some findings remain inconsistent due to gender differences and varying study methodologies. Ultimately, the source emphasizes that clinicians must address the specific act of killing during assessments to provide more effective, specialized support for the veteran population. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-killing-in-combat-a-review-of-existing-literature/

This historical overview chronicles the scientific breakthrough in identifying the pathogen and transmission method of the bubonic plague during the late 19th-century pandemic. While humanity previously attributed the disease to supernatural forces or toxic vapors, the emergence of germ theory allowed researchers like Alexandre Yersin to successfully isolate the bacterium now known as Yersinia pestis. The text highlights the critical contributions of Paul-Louis Simond, whose experiments proved that fleas acting as intermediaries between rats and humans were responsible for spreading the infection. It also frames these discoveries within a broader military and medical context, noting how figures like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch revolutionized public health. Ultimately, the source details how rigorous observation and competitive research transformed a misunderstood scourge into a preventable and treatable condition. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/the-history-of-plague-pt-2-the-discoveries-of-the-plague-bacillus-and-its-vector/

"Agent Orange Reviewed: Potential Role in Peripheral Neuropathy and Neurodegeneration" by Suzanne de la Monte, published in the Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health (JMVH). This articles examines the long-term medical consequences of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam War veterans, with a specific focus on neurological deterioration. The research highlights a significant connection between the toxic herbicide and the development of peripheral neuropathy, often appearing decades after initial contact. Additionally, the text suggests that these chemical exposures may increase the risk of central nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Beyond neurological issues, the author notes established links to malignancies, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. By reviewing various studies on South Korean and American service members, the article emphasizes how the herbicide's components may damage myelin and cause oxidative stress. Ultimately, the source calls for further investigation into the mechanisms of toxicity as the veteran population continues to age. Tune in here: https://jmvh.podbean.com/e/e33-agent-orange-reviewed-potential-role-in-peripheral-neuropathy-and-neurodegeneration You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/agent-orange-reviewed-potential-role-in-peripheral-neuropathy-and-neurodegeneration/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Effects of Penthrox® (methoxyflurane) as an analgesic on cardiovascular and respiratory functions in the pre-hospital setting" by H F Oxer, published in the Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health (JMVH). This research article investigates the safety and physiological effects of methoxyflurane, an inhaled analgesic commonly used by emergency medical services in Australia. By analyzing data from nearly 600 ambulance patients, the study specifically evaluates how the drug impacts blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory function. The findings indicate that while vital signs show a minor initial decline, these changes are consistent with relief from pain and stress rather than drug-induced toxicity. Ultimately, the source concludes that low-dose administration is highly stable and does not cause harmful cardiovascular or respiratory depression. These results suggest that long-standing precautionary warnings regarding its use in unstable patients may be unnecessary in a modern clinical context. Tune in here: You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/effects-of-penthrox-methoxyflurane-as-an-analgesic-on-cardiovascular-and-respiratory-functions-in-the-pre-hospital-setting/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"From Milites Medici to Army Medics – A two thousand year tradition of military medicine" by Robb Wesselingh, published in the Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health (JMVH). The article explores the historical development of military medicine, asserting that many significant medical advances originated during times of conflict, citing examples from the Napoleonic Wars and World War II. It then focuses heavily on the Roman Empire, specifically detailing how Emperor Augustus's military reforms established a professional medical corps (milites medici) and led to the creation of the first organized military hospitals, the valetudinaria. Furthermore, the source discusses how these military innovations, particularly regarding sanitation and public health principles, were subsequently adopted by the civilian population, demonstrating the lasting impact of military medical practice. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/692/

"The Australian Army’s Two ‘Traditional’ Diseases: Gonorrhea and Syphilis — A Military-Medical History During the Twentieth Century" by Ian Howie-Willis details the military-medical history of gonorrhea and syphilis within the Australian Army throughout the twentieth century. The author, Ian Howie-Willis, focuses on demonstrating the statistical scale of these sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)—or venereal diseases (VD)—during major overseas deployments, from the Boer War to the Vietnam War. It contrasts the difficult, prolonged treatments before the mid-1940s introduction of penicillin with the shorter hospital stays afterward, noting how the availability of a rapid cure increased soldier complacency and led to high infection rates in later conflicts like the Occupation of Japan and the Vietnam War. The article concludes that VD was a major, persistent problem for the Australian Army, resulting in an estimated over 125,000 cases treated across the century. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/the-australian-armys-two-traditional-diseases-gonorrhea-and-syphilis-a-military-medical-history-during-the-twentieth-century/

"Comparing PTSD Among Returning War Veterans," by Wayne Kinney focuses on the physical and psychological wounds sustained by military personnel in the Iraqi and Afghan Wars, particularly comparing their experiences and diagnoses, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with veterans from earlier conflicts like the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War. It highlights that advances in medicine and technology have resulted in a higher survival rate but also more numerous and complex injuries, including poly-trauma and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the text analyzes key demographic and clinical differences between veterans of these wars, noting variations in substance abuse rates, violent behavior, and the distinct challenges faced by female service members. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/comparing-ptsd-among-returning-war-veterans/

"Musculoskeletal Injury and Physical Fitness Across US Army Occupational Specialties" by Tyson Grier, Regis Pearson, Timothy Benedict , Olivia Mahlmann and Michelle Canham-Chervak  examines the connection between musculoskeletal injury and physical fitness across various US Army military occupational specialties (MOS). The research details the methodology, which involved surveying soldiers and obtaining data on injuries and performance from the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT), revealing significant differences in injury incidence and physical fitness scores across MOS groups for both male and female soldiers. Ultimately, the investigation aimed to describe these associations and suggests that monitoring injury and fitness by MOS could help focus injury prevention strategies within the Army. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/musculoskeletal-injury-and-physical-fitness-across-us-army-occupational-specialties/

"A Review of Art Therapy Among Military Service Members and Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" by Jeremy Ramirez reviews the use of art therapy for military service members and veterans diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The author argues for implementing art therapy programs, particularly because the current preferred treatment—Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)—is often ineffective in treating the avoidance/emotional numbing cluster of PTSD symptoms. The review details the prevalence of PTSD, noting that factors like combat trauma and military sexual trauma (MST) are significant causes, and explores various risk factors for suicide among veterans, such as divorce and homelessness. Ultimately, the article concludes that art therapy, which involves activities like drawing and photography, provides a more comprehensive care package when used in conjunction with CBT, due to its effectiveness in helping patients express nonverbalized trauma and reduce core PTSD symptoms. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-review-of-art-therapy-among-military-service-members-and-veterans-with-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/

"CHEMICAL AGENTS Contact Poisons: A Brief Touch," by Dr Andrew Robertson examines the risks and characteristics of contact poisons, which are substances absorbed through the skin to cause toxic effects or death. While acknowledging that these agents are often sensationalized in popular media and crime fiction, the author stresses that many military, industrial, and agricultural chemicals pose a genuine contact risk that medical professionals must recognize. The discussion differentiates between highly potent agents like nerve agents (e.g., VX) and more commonly available industrial toxins such as pesticides and organic solvents, which can also be fatal. Finally, the article explores the role of solvents like Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in enhancing percutaneous absorption by disrupting the skin's lipid barrier, a mechanism exploited in both pharmaceutical research and certain criminal plots involving poisons like ricin or nicotine. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/chemical-agents-contact-poisons-a-brief-touch/

"Fast women: Or why women who fly high performance aircraft are fast but not loose," by Tracy Smat examines the challenges and issues surrounding women entering the historically male-dominated field of fast jet aviation, particularly within the Royal Australian Air Force. The text provides a historical overview of women in aviation, including their roles in World War II and the gradual integration into Western militaries. It then systematically discusses four main areas of concern that military health professionals must address: physiological differences (such as tolerance to G-forces and decompression illness), physical attributes (including strength, anthropometry, and ejection safety), specific women's health issues (like pregnancy and the menstrual cycle), and squadron cultural issues related to gender integration. Ultimately, the paper suggests that most physical and physiological barriers can be overcome through re-engineering of aircraft and equipment, concluding that the primary remaining obstacle to female fast jet pilots is the cultural acceptance by male aircrew. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/https-doi-ds-org-doilink-03-2023-57944985-jmvh-vol-7-no-1/

"Antibacterial Warfare: The Production of Natural Penicillin and the Search for Synthetic Penicillin During the Second World War - JMVH",  by Bruce Short examines the history of penicillin development during World War II, focusing on the rapid transition from laboratory study to mass production of natural penicillin through international military and scientific collaboration, involving forces from Britain, the United States, and Australia. The article details the crucial contributions of Oxford scientists like Florey, Chain, and Heatley, who were instrumental in developing the drug and its production methods, while also recounting the parallel but delayed wartime effort to synthesize penicillin which was not successfully completed until 1957. Furthermore, the source contrasts the Allies' success with the German commitment to sulfonamides, which hindered their early adoption of penicillin. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/antibacterial-warfare-the-production-of-natural-penicillin-and-the-search-for-synthetic-penicillin-during-the-second-world-war/

"A History of Australian Navy Health Officer Uniforms and Ranks (Part One)" by Dr Neil Westphalen details the evolution of Royal Australian Navy (RAN) officer uniforms and ranks, drawing parallels and distinctions with the British Royal Navy (RN) and their historical antecedents. It explores the historical context of naval organization, including the shift from 'tarpaulin' to 'gentlemen' officers and the development of commissioned and warrant ranks from the 11th century onwards. The text traces the introduction and changes in RN officer uniforms, noting how they moved from unique attire for each rank to standardized uniforms with rank insignia like sleeve stripes and distinction cloths. Furthermore, it examines the separate development and eventual integration of reserve force uniforms for both the RN and RAN, as well as women's naval services uniforms in both navies. Finally, the article discusses the addition of various warfare and sea readiness badges, highlighting the ongoing struggle for status within the naval hierarchy as expressed through uniform design.   As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-history-of-australian-navy-health-officer-uniforms-and-ranks-part-one/

"A History of Australian Navy Health Officer Uniforms and Ranks (Part Two)" by Neil Westphalen provides a comprehensive history of Australian Navy health officer uniforms and ranks, building upon previous articles that covered sailor uniforms. It meticulously details the evolution of attire and rank insignia for Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) medical, dental, medical administration, and nursing officers, tracing their origins from early warrant officer roles. The text highlights struggles for status and recognition through uniform changes, noting distinctions like the "executive curl" and specialized "distinction cloths." Furthermore, it addresses the unique journey of women in naval health roles, from their initial separate services to eventual full integration and standardized uniforms within the RAN. The article offers a detailed account of the specific uniform components and changes over centuries, illustrating how these reflected shifts in military structure and societal views.   As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-history-of-australian-navy-health-officer-uniforms-and-ranks-part-two/

"A History of Australian Navy Health Sailor Uniforms and Ranks (Part 3)" details the historical evolution of uniforms, ranks, and rate badges within the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), drawing parallels and distinctions with the British Royal Navy (RN). It focuses specifically on the insignia worn by sailors, tracing their origins from the early 19th century to more contemporary designs. The text highlights the development of rank badges for general sailors, beginning with Petty Officers in 1827 and expanding to include various classes and warrant officers. Furthermore, it examines the unique rate badges for medical and dental sailors, noting changes in their identifying symbols and the intriguing misapplication of the caduceus. The article concludes by summarizing the significant shifts in naval dress and insignia over time. As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-history-of-australian-navy-health-sailor-uniforms-and-ranks-part-3/

"Warfare, Ships and Medicine in Ancient Egypt and Greece" by Dr Neil Westphalen.  This academic article from the Journal of Military and Veteran’s Health explores the interconnected advancements in warfare, ships, and medicine in ancient Egypt and Greece, spanning from approximately 4000 to 30 BCE. The author, Neil Westphalen, examines how the development of new weapons and fighting tactics, such as chariots and phalanx formations, shaped military engagement. Concurrently, the text details the evolution of watercraft from early reed boats to sophisticated triremes, highlighting their roles in trade and naval battles. Finally, the article contrasts Egyptian spiritual and practical medical approaches with the Greek shift towards a more material understanding of disease, exemplified by the Hippocratic Corpus, though acknowledging the limitations imposed by philosophical biases and anatomical prohibitions. As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/warfare-ships-and-medicine-in-ancient-egypt-and-greece/

"Viking Warfare, Ships and Medicine" by Dr Neil Westphalen.  This scholarly article from the Journal of Military and Veteran’s Health by Dr. Neil Westphalen provides a comprehensive overview of Viking warfare, shipbuilding, and medical practices during the period of 500 to 1200 CE. It explores the motivations behind Viking expansion, including political vacuums and resource scarcity, leading to a focus on raiding and eventual settlement. The text details the types of weapons used, from prized swords to axes and shields, and the tactics employed in combat. Furthermore, the article traces the evolution of Viking ships, highlighting their innovative shallow draft and seaworthiness, which enabled both inland navigation and oceanic voyages for trade and exploration. Finally, it examines Viking medicine, initially reliant on magic and folklore, but progressively influenced by Roman medical practices and the adoption of Christianity. As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/viking-warfare-ships-and-medicine/

"English Medieval Ships, Warfare and Medicine" by Neil Westphalen.  This academic article explores the evolution of English medieval maritime capabilities, focusing on advancements in ship design, naval warfare, and medical practices between 1200 and 1500. It traces the development of ships from smaller knorrs to larger, more complex cogs and carracks, detailing innovations like rudders and integrated castles that enhanced trade and military transport. The text also examines the organization of the English navy, which relied heavily on merchant vessels and the Laws of Oléron for command and crew welfare. Finally, it discusses the progression of naval medicine, highlighting early medical advice for sailors, the rise of barber-surgeons, and the limited provisions for sick and injured mariners during this period. As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/https-doi-ds-org-doilink-03-2023-46493216-jmvh-vol-31-no-1/

"DDT and Silent Spring: Fifty years after" by Cristobal S. Berry-Caban provides an in-depth review of DDT's historical impact, focusing on its development, widespread use, and subsequent controversy. It outlines Paul Hermann Müller's discovery of DDT's insecticidal properties and its crucial role in controlling diseases like typhus and malaria during World War II and beyond, leading to significant reductions in cases globally. The text then transitions to discussing Rachel Carson's pivotal book, Silent Spring, which brought worldwide attention to the detrimental environmental effects of DDT, including its impact on wildlife and its entry into the food chain. It emphasizes Carson's arguments against indiscriminate agricultural use, highlighting ecosystem disruption, potential human health concerns, and the evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, ultimately leading to a shift in public and governmental perception of pesticides. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/ddt-and-silent-spring-fifty-years-after/

"Arsenic – the “Poison of Kings” and the “Saviour of Syphilis”" by John Frith.  This article explores the multifaceted history of arsenic, highlighting its dual nature as both a potent poison and a significant medicinal agent. It details arsenic's use throughout history for nefarious purposes, such as murdering royalty and as a component in chemical warfare agents like Lewisite and Adamsite. Conversely, the text also emphasizes arsenic's crucial role in medical advancements, including the development of treatments for syphilis (like Salvarsan, Paul Ehrlich's "magic bullet"), sleeping sickness, and certain forms of leukemia. The source outlines the evolution of arsenic's applications, from ancient remedies to modern chemotherapy, while also touching upon its toxicological properties and historical detection methods. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/arsenic-the-poison-of-kings-and-the-saviour-of-syphilis/

"The Psychological Adjustment Experience of Reintegration Following Discharge from Military Service: A Systematic Review" by M Romaniuk & C Kidd explores the psychological adjustment challenges veterans face when transitioning from military to civilian life following discharge. The research synthesizes findings from 18 qualitative and mixed-methods studies, revealing that veterans commonly experience significant and multiple losses, particularly concerning military culture, community, and their sense of purpose. These losses contribute to difficulties in forming a new civilian identity and navigating less structured societal norms, which often leads to psychological distress. The review also identifies gaps in existing literature, such as insufficient reporting of service length and a focus on post-deployment rather than post-discharge reintegration experiences. Ultimately, the study underscores the critical importance of addressing these experiences of loss to support the psychological well-being of transitioning military veterans. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/the-psychological-adjustment-experience-of-reintegration-following-discharge-from-military-service-a-systemic-review/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"Florence Nightingale" article by Dr. Keith Horsley commemorates the centenary of Florence Nightingale's death in 2010, highlighting her multifaceted impact beyond the common "Lady with the Lamp" image. It explores her pivotal role in modern nursing reform, noting the profession's disreputable state before her influence. The text further details her significant contributions to military medicine, statistical methods (including the first use of pie charts in health sciences), public health, and hospital design, emphasizing her work in creating the standard ward layout and model death certificates. Additionally, it touches on her support for the Union during the American Civil War and her indirect involvement in the development of the Body Mass Index. Ultimately, the article positions Nightingale as a foundational figure whose innovations continue to shape contemporary healthcare practices and statistical analysis.  You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/florence-nightingale/ #podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth

"The Menstrual Cycle and Vision: The Eye is a Gender Specific and Hormonally Sensitive Target Organ," both co-authored by John C. Newlands and Paul R. Bates. The JMVH article examines the relationship between the menstrual cycle, fluctuating hormone levels, and various aspects of female visual function. It discusses historical research, changes in visual acuity, detection, discrimination, and the impact on the cornea, conjunctiva, saccadic system, and intraocular pressure. Ultimately, the authors conclude that the eye is a gender- and hormone-sensitive organ, with optimal visual performance often aligning with the mid-cycle phase when estrogen levels peak. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/the-menstrual-cycle-and-vision-the-eye-is-a-gender-specific-and-hormonally-sensitive-target-organ/

"History of Tuberculosis. Part 1 – Phthisis, consumption and the White Plague" by John Frith provides an extensive historical overview of tuberculosis, tracing its presence from ancient times to the 19th century. It details the evolution of terminology for the disease, from ancient Greek "phthisis" and "consumption" to its recognition as "the white plague" and eventually "tuberculosis." The text highlights key medical figures and their contributions, such as Hippocrates' early descriptions, Galen's understanding of its infectious nature, and Laennec's invention of the stethoscope, which revolutionized diagnosis and understanding of the disease's pathology. Furthermore, it addresses historical treatments and societal perceptions, including the romanticization of the illness and the debate surrounding its infectious versus hereditary nature, which was ultimately resolved by Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus. The document also touches upon the military significance of tuberculosis and the enduring public health challenge it presents today. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/history-of-tuberculosis-part-1-phthisis-consumption-and-the-white-plague/

"MUNITIONS - Thermobaric Munitions and their Medical Effects!" by David Andrew, provides an in-depth analysis of thermobaric munitions. It begins by defining these weapons as designed to produce enhanced heat and overpressure compared to conventional explosives. The article traces their historical development from World War II to modern usage by various nations. Furthermore, it details the design principles of thermobaric munitions, explaining how they disperse an aerosol cloud that generates extreme temperatures and prolonged blast waves. Finally, the text thoroughly examines the primary blast injuries resulting from these weapons, outlining their effects on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, auditory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems, along with associated diagnostic and treatment considerations. You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/munitions-thermobaric-munitions-and-their-medical-effects/

"Stalingrad: The Hinge of History—How Hitler’s hubris led to the defeat of the Sixth Army - JMVH" by Robert M Kaplan, offers a detailed analysis of the Battle of Stalingrad during World War II. It explores the strategic decisions and fatal errors, particularly Hitler's overconfidence and refusal to retreat, that led to the German Sixth Army's catastrophic defeat. The article contrasts Hitler's hubris with Stalin's paranoia, noting how Stalin eventually trusted his generals, contributing to the Soviet victory. Furthermore, it examines the brutal urban warfare tactics, the immense casualties on both sides, and the ultimate significance of Stalingrad as the turning point of the war on the Eastern Front. The author also reflects on the lasting consequences of the battle, including the immense human cost for both combatants and civilians, and its impact on the post-war geopolitical landscape.   You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/stalingrad-the-hinge-of-history-how-hitlers-hubris-led-to-the-defeat-of-the-sixth-army/

This article, "Experiences of a Prisoner of War: World War 2 in Germany," chronicles the personal account of Eric Stephenson, a navigator in a Lancaster bomber shot down over Berlin in December 1943. It details his capture, initial interrogation, and transfer to Dulag Luft, a holding camp. Stephenson then describes his time at Stalag Luft 3, specifically the Belaria compound, which housed Allied flying officers. The narrative provides a vivid picture of daily life in the POW camp, including living conditions, medical care available at the Lazaret (sick-quarters), and the German staff. It also highlights the importance of morale-boosting activities, escape attempts, and the crucial role of Red Cross parcels in supplementing meager German rations. Finally, the account culminates with Stephenson's forced participation in the "Long March" as the Russians advanced, and his arrival at Luckenwalde camp. You can view the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/experiences-of-a-prisoner-of-a-war-world-war-2-in-germany/ 

This article, "Syphilis – Its early history and Treatment until Penicillin - JMVH", provides a comprehensive overview of the history of syphilis, including its origins, spread, symptoms, and various treatments throughout different periods. It discusses the debate surrounding whether syphilis originated in the Old World or was brought from the New World by Christopher Columbus, presenting arguments and evidence for both "Columbian" and "pre-Columbian" hypotheses, along with the "Unitarian" theory. The article also highlights the impact of the disease on military personnel and details the evolution of treatments from mercury and arsenic compounds to the revolutionary introduction of penicillin in 1943. Finally, the text explores the social ramifications of syphilis and how medical understanding of the disease advanced over centuries. You can view the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/syphilis-its-early-history-and-treatment-until-penicillin-and-the-debate-on-its-origins/ 

The article discusses the controversial practice of Live Tissue Trauma Training (LTTT), which involves using animals, primarily pigs and goats, to train military medical personnel in treating severe combat injuries. It highlights the necessity of LTTT for providing realistic experience, especially given the prevalence of massive hemorrhage in modern warfare. The text presents arguments for continuing LTTT, emphasizing the inadequacy of simulators and civilian trauma centers for this specific training. It also addresses criticisms from animal welfare groups, acknowledging their concerns while explaining the protocols in place to ensure humane treatment of animals and the perceived irreplaceable value of live tissue training for saving human lives. Finally, the source touches upon military medical research (MMR) and its role in developing life-saving interventions, further justifying the use of animals in specific contexts.   You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/military-live-tissue-trauma-training-using-animals-in-the-us-its-purpose-importance-and-commentary-on-military-medcal-research-and-the-debate-on-use-of-animals-in-military-training/ 

This article explores the interconnected development of warfare, ships, and medicine in ancient Rome from its foundation to its decline in Western Europe. It details the evolution of Roman military organisation, weaponry, and tactics, highlighting their disciplined approach and logistical prowess. The text also examines the progression of Roman naval power, from early triremes to the larger quinqueremes equipped with innovative boarding mechanisms, crucial for controlling Mediterranean trade. Finally, it discusses Roman medical practices, tracing influences from Greek traditions, the contributions of notable physicians like Celsus and Galen, and the establishment of military healthcare systems, despite some enduring misconceptions and limitations   As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. The original article upon which it is based is at: https://jmvh.org/article/roman-warfare-ships-and-medicine/ 

This case study explores the application of Tension/Trauma Releasing Exercises (TRE) as a self-care intervention for a former Australian soldier experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following a brain injury. The report details the soldier's experience and measured improvements in perceived stress and comfort levels after learning and consistently practicing TRE. It highlights TRE's potential as an innovative, somatic approach to trauma recovery that encourages the body's natural tremor mechanism to release tension. The study also suggests that the suppression of natural shaking responses in traditional treatments may inadvertently hinder recovery, advocating for further investigation into TRE's role in addressing the neurobiology of stress and trauma.   You can read the full article here: https://jmvh.org/article/case-report-of-a-former-soldier-using-tre-tension-trauma-releasing-exercises-for-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-self-care/

This text presents an overview of the history of plague, focusing on three major global pandemics. It describes Yersinia pestis as the causative bacterium, transmitted primarily by fleas from rats, and explains its various forms, including bubonic, septicaemic, and pneumonic plague. The document outlines the Justinian Plague (6th century), the Black Death (14th century), and the Third Pandemic (19th-20th centuries), detailing their origins, spread, and significant social and economic impacts. It also touches upon the discovery of the bacillus and the development of public health measures like quarantine.   You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/the-history-of-plague-part-1-the-three-great-pandemics/