The Forensic Chiropractor

The Korean Spine Journal in 2015 titled Delayed or Missed diagnosis of Cervical Instability after Traumatic Injury: Usefulness of Dynamic Flexion and extension Radiographs by Chang Gi.  

Mortality Outcomes of vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures published by Kenji Hinde et al in the radiology journal from 2020.  

MRI findings of disc degeneration are more prevalent in adults with low back pain than in asymptotic controls: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis by Brinjikji (BRINJICK) et atl and published in the spine journal in 2015.   

Impacts of Injury severity on Long-term outcomes following motor vehicle crashes by Kevin Hung et al published in BMC Public Health in 2021.  

Pathobiology of Modic Changes published in the European Spine Journal November 2016 by Stefan Dudli et al.  

Evidence, mechanisms, and Clinical implications of Central Hypersensitivity in Chronic pain After Whiplash Injury.  This was published in The Clinical Journal in 2004 by Michele Curatolo et al.  

Mechanical Aspects of Intervertebral disc injury and implications on biomechanics published by Geoffrey Desmoulin et al in the spine Journal in 2019.

Exposure to a Motor Vehicle Collision and the Risk of Future Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Paul Nolet et al and published in the PM&R Journal in 2019.   Exposure to a motor vehicle collision and the risk of future back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Paul Nolet et al and published in the Accident analysis and prevention Journal in 2020.  

Why AMA Guides took disc herniations out of the ratings.  Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations by Brinjikji (BRINJICK) et al published in the spine journal in 2014.   Inciting Events Associated with Lumbar Disk Herniation by Suri et al published in the Spine Journal in 2010  

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.  Today’s study is Prediction of Lumbar Disc Herniation resorption in symptomatic patients: a prospective, multi-imaging and clinical Phenotype study by Alexaner Hornung et al.  This study was published in the Spine Journal in 2023.   

Inter-examiner Reliability of Radiographic measurements from Open-Mouth Lateral Bending Cervical Radiographs.  The article was written by Karthik et al and published in the Chiropractic And Manual Therapies Journal in 2020.  

Diagnostic Accuracy of Videofluorosocopy  for symptomatic  Cervical Spine Injury Following Whiplash Trauma.  This was published in 2020 in the Internation Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health by Michael Freeman et al.  

Dr. Kyle Bryant with Integrative Chiropractic and Extremities. Functional Extremeties Chiropractor Abbassian A, Giddins GE. Subacromial impingement in patients with whiplash injury to the cervical spine. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008 Jun 27;3:25. doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-3-25. PMID: 18582391; PMCID: PMC2443117.

Abnormal Static Sagittal Cervical Curvatures Following Motor Vehicle Collisions: A Retrospective Case Series of 41 Patients Before and After a Crash Exposure.  This was published in the diagnostics journal in 2024 by Haas et al.  

The Innervation of the Spinal Dura Mater by M A Edgar and S Nundy in the Journal of neurosurgery and psychiatry.  

Spectrum of Imaging Findings in Hyperextension injuries of the neck published by Sameet Rao et al in Radiographics journal in 2005.

2013 study published in the European spine journal by Stig Sonne-Holm et al. titled The epidemiology of Schmorl’s nodes and their correlation to radiographic degeneration in 4,151 subjects.

This article was published in the Neurosurgical focus 14th edition in 2024.  This was written by Vikas Vattipally et al. titled Motor vehicle collision characteristics and hospitalization outcomes associated with mild traumatic brain injury and concomitant whiplash injury.   

A Biomechanical study of the Ligamentous Stability of the Thoracic Spine in Man published by Panjabi, Hausfeld and white in Scandinavian orthopedic journal in 1981.  

The Diagnostic Value of an X‐ray‐based Scoring System for Degeneration of the Cervical Spine: A Reproducibility and Validation Study  by Maarten VanErd et al published in the Pain Practice Journal 2021. 

A biomechanical analysis of the clinical stability of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine by IRA Posner et al.  This was published in the spine journal in 1982.   Clinical biomechanics of the spine 2nd edition by Augustus A. White III and Manohar Panjabi.    

Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Basivertebral Nerve Laser Ablation for Chronic Low Back Pain Associated with Modic Changes: A preliminary Open-Label Study.   

Prevalence of Facet Joint Pain in Chronic Spinal Pain of Cervical, Thoracic and lumbar regions by laxmaiah macnhikanti et al published in the BMC musculoskeletal disorders journal in 2004.  

Tendon and Ligament: development, Repai and Disease by Samuel Tozer and Delphine Duprez in the Birth Defects Research Journal 2005.  

The Healing of sub-failure ligament injury: comparison between immature and mature ligaments in a rat model by Paolo Provenzano et al.

Role of Magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal trauma: a pictorial review: published in the BMC musculoskeletal disorders journal in 2016 by Yogesh Kumar and Daichi Hayashi.

Characteristics of Sagittal vertebral Alignment in Flexion Determined by Dynamic Radiographs of the Cervical Spine.  Published in the Spine Journal 2001.  This study shows an objective way to see if damage to the cervical spine has occurred and when patients fall out of the normal healthy population.  

Can patients be hurt in MVC's with no damage to the vehicle? Published in the 2001 Orthopedic trauma surgery journal titled Risk factors for long-term treatment of whiplash injury in Japan: analysis of 400 cases by Akihiko Hijjioka et al.  

Low speed collisions with no or minimal damage are 2,000 times more likely to cause injury compared to normal daily activities.     Today’s study was published in 2021 in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health by Paul nolet, larry Nordhoff, Vicki Kristman, Arthur Croft, Maurice Zeegers and Michael Freeman.  The article is titled Is Acceleration a Valid Proxy for Injury Risk in Minimal Damage Traffic Crashes? A Comparative Review of Volunteer, ADL and Real-World Studies .  

Do discs have the ability to feel pain?  Should discs be able to feel pain?   Nerve supply of the lumbar intervertebral disc published by M.A. Edgar in the Journal of Bone and Joint surgery 2007.   Nerves are more abundant than blood vessels in the degenerate human intervertebral disc published by Abbie L. A. Binch et al in the Arthritis Research and therapy journal in 2015.  

International Journal of Molecular Science titled “Edema after CNS trauma: a Focus on Spinal Cord Injury” published by Mostafa Seblani et al.  

Journal of Whiplash & Related Disorders 2006 by Anthony D’Antoni and Arthur Croft.

Studies referenced in podcast: The diagnostic value of an x-ray based scoring system for degeneration of the cervical spine: a reproducibility and validation study.  This study was published in the Pain practice journal in 2021 by Maarten vaneerd et al. The role of radiography in the study of spinal disorders published by Fernando Santiago et al in the quantitative imaging and medicine and surgery journal published in 2020. 

Bone changes with injury and time dating injuries with imaging. The numerical simulation of osteophyte formation on the edge of the vertebral body using quantitative bone remodeling theory by Gone He and Zhu (Zjoo) xinghau (zingwha) in the spine Journal 2006.      Effects Induced by Osteophytes on the Strain Distribution in the Vertebral Body Under Different Loading Configurations published 2021 in the frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology by Daniele Marras et al. 

Today's episode covers subjective evidence and it's role in new vs. old disc damage.  Article is Imaging the intervertebral disk age-related changes, herniations and radicular pain from the Journal of Radiology Clinical Neurology published in 2014 by Filippo del Grande MD et al.

How to use an MRI to help with causation and time dating an injury.  Article from Mark Buller MD "MRI Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine: a Review".

How ligaments control muscles to stabilize a joint.

Discussion about AOMSI from the Study Biomechanical Analysis of Clinical Stability in the Cervical Spine.  

A forensic look into ligament structure, causation of injuries, attempted healing of ligaments, permanency of injuries, management options.