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019_Java中ArrayList和LinkedList的区别 episode artwork

Aug 11, 2022 3 min

019_Java中ArrayList和LinkedList的区别

from 2020年JAVA面试208题

ArrayList和LinkedList的区别 LinkedList和ArrayList的区别主要来自于他们俩的数据结构不同 ArrayList是基于数组实现的，LinkedList是基于双链表实现的 ArrayList是基于数组的数据结构，数组在内存中存储数据的空间是连续的，可以通过下角标直接访问数组中的元素，因此在随机访问集合元素时有较好的性能。 ArrayList获取数据的时间复杂度是O(1),但是要插入、删除数据的开销很大，因为要将插入位置之后的所有元素进行后移操作。例如买票时，有人插队，则插队的位置后面的所有人都要后移，消耗就比较大。 相比于ArrayList，LinkedList的随机访问元素时性能较差，因为双向链表在内存中存储数据不是连续的；但在插入，删除操作是很快的，那么这个链表呢，就好比幼儿园小朋友手拉手围成一个大圈儿做游戏，这时候来了一个新的小朋友要加入，只需要任意2个小朋友松开手，这个新的小朋友加入即可，其他小朋友不用动。所以性能相对ArrayList要好很多 因为LinkedList它是链表操作，所以在插入或删除的时间复杂度仅为O(1) 。 使用场景 如果应用程序对数据有较多的随机访问，首选肯定是ArrayList集合； 如果应用程序有更多的插入或者删除操作，较少的数据读取，LinkedList对象要优于ArrayList对象； 不过ArrayList的插入，删除操作也不一定比LinkedList慢，如果在集合靠近末尾的地方插入，那么ArrayList只需要移动较少的数据，而LinkedList则需要一直查找到列表尾部，反而耗费较多时间，这时ArrayList就比LinkedList效率要高。

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