2 The Quest / How Do We Know?

This episode of "The Quest / How We Know," explores the great French Philosopher Paul Ricoeur's idea of a of knowledge that moves through three stages, or what I see as three levels of spiritual thought––precritical, critical, and postcritical. The third stage leads to what Ricoeur intriguingly called "the second naiveté" and what I refer to as "the second innocence" or "the second simplicity." The place of knowledge through authority is explored here. It is also proposed that Ricoeur's work leads to the reasonable conclusion that there are multiple ways of knowing.