20. Embryology (Teratology): When Development Falters

The final episode brings the series full circle, returning to the question of why embryology matters. Here, we explore how timing, exposure, and vulnerability intersect to produce congenital anomalies.Langman provides the conceptual framework of critical periods and signalling disruption, IB Singh reinforces applied clinical patterns, and Moore grounds the discussion in prenatal diagnosis, ultrasound, and ethical decision-making. The emphasis is on understanding risk without blame.This episode reframes teratology not as a catalogue of defects, but as a reminder of how precise — and how resilient — human development truly is. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit drmanaankarray.substack.com/subscribe