2026 選修生物II CH4-4-5 植物對生物逆境的免疫與防禦

概述了植物如何演化出多層次的防禦與免疫系統來應對生物逆境，即來自各種掠食者和病原體的威脅。植物的第一道防線屬於被動防禦，主要包括如角質層、尖刺等物理屏障，以及製造生物鹼、單寧等次級代謝物作為化學武器。當入侵者突破第一道防線，植物會啟動主動防禦系統，其主要由水楊酸（SA）和茉莉酸（JA）兩條信號通路調控。SA通路針對病毒等隱蔽型病原體，通過啟動細胞「自我犧牲」的過敏性反應（HR）和全身性獲得抗性（SAR）來限制感染；而JA通路則針對昆蟲和致死型病原體，透過生產蛋白酶抑制劑或釋放揮發性有機物（VOCs）來驅趕或招募天敵。最後，文本指出SA和JA通路之間存在拮抗關係，這是植物為了優化有限能量資源所採取的戰略權衡。聽完後可以自主進行線上測驗，檢視學習成效喔~(需要登入gemini) 測驗網址 https://g.co/gemini/share/9cd29a7f10c0 Powered by Firstory Hosting

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2026 選修生物II CH4-4-5 植物對生物逆境的免疫與防禦

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