#311 Transforming the World, and the Economy — Engineering Matters Awards 2025 shortlist, Planet, Part 3

At the core of engineering and manufacturing, is the transformation of materials.  A tree becomes a book. A stone is transformed into a concrete bridge, rocks into steel and glass skyscrapers. Each of these transformations are inefficient. Raw materials are lost to waste. Mechanical energy is converted into lost heat. In this inefficiency, we gradually...