402-光遗传学核糖体图谱揭示线粒体定位翻译机制 episode artwork

EPISODE · Jan 17, 2026 · 20 MIN

402-光遗传学核糖体图谱揭示线粒体定位翻译机制

from 聊聊Sci

这项研究开发并利用了名为 LOCL-TL 的光遗传学技术,通过蓝光控制 LOV-BirA 酶的活性,实现了对活体哺乳动物细胞内特定亚细胞区域翻译过程的高精度监测。研究人员重点解析了核基因编码的线粒体蛋白在**线粒体外膜(OMM)上的本地化翻译机制,揭示了两种在进化和机制上完全不同的策略。第一种是针对长蛋白质(>400 aa)的保守共翻译招募途径,它由新生肽链中的双重信号驱动,且多见于进化起源较早的蛋白质。第二种则是针对短蛋白质(<200 aa)**的新型招募机制,这类转录本在翻译启动前由 AKAP1 蛋白介导,依赖于 mRNA 剪接和非翻译区的引导,主要涉及电子传递链组件。实验进一步证明,缺失 AKAP1 会显著降低呼吸链蛋白的丰度并损害线粒体功能,突显了本地化翻译在维持细胞代谢平衡中的关键作用。该研究不仅完善了线粒体蛋白进口的理论模型,还为在生理条件下研究其他细胞器的空间翻译组学提供了通用工具。References: Luo J, Khandwala S, Hu J, et al. Proximity-specific ribosome profiling reveals the logic of localized mitochondrial translation[J]. Cell, 2025, 188(20): 5589-5604. e17.前往小宇宙评论区与主播互动

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402-光遗传学核糖体图谱揭示线粒体定位翻译机制

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