🇱🇧A Nation Cleansed: The Human Cost of the Lebanese Civil War

The provided sources detail the brutal history and demographic consequences of the Lebanese Civil War that occurred between 1975 and 1990. These texts highlight how the conflict evolved from a political struggle into a campaign of sectarian ethnic cleansing, involving massacres perpetrated by Christian, Muslim, and Palestinian militias alike. Data within the records suggest that the violence resulted in approximately 150,000 deaths and the permanent displacement of over one million citizens. This era of instability triggered a massive Christian exodus, fundamentally altering Lebanon's religious composition and leading to the Taif Agreement's redistribution of political power. To support these historical claims, the sources reference official investigation reports, academic studies, and international archives from organizations like the United Nations and Human Rights Watch. Ultimately, the material serves as a comprehensive overview of how systematic violence transformed the human geography and governance of the Lebanese state.