A Review of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)

The provided source is a comprehensive narrative review of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), an acute neurological condition defined by brain edema and symptoms like seizures and headaches. It explores the pathophysiology of the disease, focusing on how high blood pressure and endothelial injury disrupt the blood-brain barrier. The text highlights that while the condition is often manageable through blood pressure stabilization and removing triggers, it carries significant risks of mortality and long-term impairment. Special attention is given to diagnostic challenges and the distinct ways the syndrome manifests in pediatric, obstetric, and transplant patients. Finally, the authors discuss the necessity of using MRI for accurate identification and suggest that future treatments may target specific molecular biomarkers.