EPISODE · Jun 19, 2025 · 2H 14M
A Second Round on Penal Substitution | Misunderstanding the Bible and the Fathers
from The Nathan Jacobs Podcast · host Nathan Jacobs
Sign up for Dr. Jacobs’ college course: https://myprofer.com/ 📚 Click “Join as a student” 📚 Fill out registration 📚 Verify your email 📚 Navigate to “Course Registration” in the side menu 📚 Find 180 Introduction to Philosophy 📚 Auditors can register immediately 📚 For college credit, fill out the long form and wait for approval before registration 📖 $300 audit 🎓$500 college credit Part 1 on Penal Substitution: https://youtu.be/WHx21LQncFIDr. Jacobs continues his examination of Eastern and Western atonement theology by analyzing key theological concepts through both traditions' interpretive lenses. The episode explores how East and West understand sin, wrath, and Christ's role as mediator, and finally, addressing the philosophical problems Dr. Jacobs identifies with penal substitution theory. 00:00:00 Intro 00:13:54 Delineating the Latin West / Christian East00:20:07 Roadmap for the episode 00:26:31 Interpretive lenses when reading scripture or the church fathers 00:32:30 “Sin” East and West 00:36:44 “Wrath” East and West00:44:53 “Mediator” East and West 00:59:32 Anachronism in reading biblical text (Leviticus 16) 01:05:23 Other language in scripture 01:11:05 The debtor metaphors relating to Christ01:14:48 What are we made to become? 01:35:40 Penal substitution is philosophically problematic — Justice & Mercy 01:47:57 Problem 2 — “I love Jesus, but God the Father is terrifying”01:52:38 Christ & the torments of Hell01:56:38 How could anyone else be condemned? 02:03:13 Does retributive justice set the world right?
What this episode covers
Sign up for Dr. Jacobs’ college course: https://myprofer.com/ 📚 Click “Join as a student” 📚 Fill out registration 📚 Verify your email 📚 Navigate to “Course Registration” in the side menu 📚 Find 180 Introduction to Philosophy 📚 Auditors can register immediately 📚 For college credit, fill out the long form and wait for approval before registration 📖 $300 audit 🎓$500 college credit Part 1 on Penal Substitution: https://youtu.be/WHx21LQncFIDr. Jacobs continues his examination of Eastern and Western atonement theology by analyzing key theological concepts through both traditions' interpretive lenses. The episode explores how East and West understand sin, wrath, and Christ's role as mediator, and finally, addressing the philosophical problems Dr. Jacobs identifies with penal substitution theory. 00:00:00 Intro 00:13:54 Delineating the Latin West / Christian East00:20:07 Roadmap for the episode 00:26:31 Interpretive lenses when reading scripture or the church fathers 00:32:30 “Sin” East and West 00:36:44 “Wrath” East and West00:44:53 “Mediator” East and West 00:59:32 Anachronism in reading biblical text (Leviticus 16) 01:05:23 Other language in scripture 01:11:05 The debtor metaphors relating to Christ01:14:48 What are we made to become? 01:35:40 Penal substitution is philosophically problematic — Justice & Mercy 01:47:57 Problem 2 — “I love Jesus, but God the Father is terrifying”01:52:38 Christ & the torments of Hell01:56:38 How could anyone else be condemned? 02:03:13 Does retributive justice set the world right?
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A Second Round on Penal Substitution | Misunderstanding the Bible and the Fathers
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