Advances in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Diagnosis, Biomarkers, and Management

This comprehensive medical review examines recent developments in the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disorder causing acute paralysis. The authors highlight a transition toward a molecular understanding of the disease, emphasizing the role of antecedent infections like Campylobacter jejuni and the identification of specific anti-ganglioside antibodies. While the text reviews established prognostic models and emerging fluid biomarkers like neurofilament light chain, it acknowledges that GBS remains primarily a clinical diagnosis. Regarding treatment, the source details updated 2023 guidelines that favor standard immunotherapies while explicitly advising against repeat immunoglobulin courses or corticosteroids. Finally, the authors evaluate the current clinical trial landscape, investigating novel but as-yet unproven targeted therapies such as complement inhibitors and neonatal Fc receptor blockades.