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EPISODE · Feb 2, 2021 · 14 MIN

All 9 Case Particles

from Japanese Grammar Tips · host Yuya Sato

<The particle が> が is mainly used to express the subject, but also can be used to express the objecct. Subject: さとうさん が いきます。 Mr.Sato will go. Object: ハンバーガー が たべたいです。 I want to eat a hamburger. <The particle を> を is used to express the object of action, the starting point and the passing point of movement, and so on. Object: ハンバーガー を たべます。 I will eat a hamburger The starting point: きょう は 6:00 に いえ を でます。 I will leave home at 6:00 today, The passing point: まいあさ こうえん を さんぽします。 I walk in the park every morning. <The particle に> に is used to express the place of the existence, time, the arrival point of action, taker of the item, the objective, and so on. The place of the existence: りんご が つくえ の うえ に あります。 There is an apple on the table. Time: きょう は 6:00 に いえ を でます。 I will leave home at 6:00 today. The arrival point of action: きょう マクドナルド に いきます。 I will go to McDonald's today. Taker of the item: さとうさん は すずきさん に プレゼント を あげました。 Mr. Sato gave a present to Mr. Suzuki. The objective: かいもの に いきます。 I will go shopping. <The particle で> で is used to express the place where the action or event take place, method, cause or reason, subject, and so on. The place where the action or event take place: きょう こうえん で サッカー を します。 I will play soccer at the park. Method: まいにち くるま で かいしゃ に いきます。 I go to the workplace by the car everyday. Cause or reason: きょう かぜ で がっこう を やすみました。 I took leave from school because of cold. Subject: みんな で サッカー を します。 Everyone will play soccer all together. <The particle と> と is used to express someone with whom doing something cooperatively, someone who are interecting with, and so on. Someone in cooperation: きょう はは と ケーキ を つくります。 I will make a cake with my mother today. Someone in interaction: きょう すずきさん と けんか を しました。 I had a fight with Mr. Suzuki today. <The particle へ> へ is used to express the direction. Mostly, へ can be replaced with に. Direction: きょう マクドナルド へ いきます。 I will go to McDonald's today. <The particle から> から is used to express the starting point of time or place, the material, and so on. The starting point of time: その えいが は 10:00 から はじまります。 That movie will start from 10. The starting point of place: いま いえ から しゅっぱつ します。 I'm leaving home now. The material: チーズ は 牛乳 から つくられます。 Cheeze is made from milk. <The particle より> より is used to express the comparison, the starting point, and so on. Comparison: にほん より アメリカ のほうが おおきいです。 The United States is bigger than Japan. The starting point: さくじつ より ゆき が ふりはじめました。 It started to snow since yesterday. <The particle まで> まで is used to express the arrival point of time or place, and so on. The arrival point of time: きょう は 6:00 まで はたらきます。 I will work until six today. The arrival point of place: とうきょう まで くるま で いきます。 I will go to Tokyo by the car. Referrence: Comparison between Two Items https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Comparison-between-Two-Items-eo3tpc

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All 9 Case Particles

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