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Welcome to All About Nursing with your host, Dr. Joyce Bachelor. Executive nurse advisor, Dr. Bachelor, will present the significant role nurses play in providing healthcare in a multitude of healthcare settings.
Listen to some of today's key nurses who work and practice in academia settings and talk about the challenges they face in today's modern medical world. So please welcome the host of All About Nursing, Dr. Joyce Bachelor. Good evening.
I'm your host, Dr. Joyce Bachelor on All About Nursing and relied on the BBM Global Network and Tune in Radio. I'm really excited this evening to have a very distinguished guest with me, who is Dr. Ann Cashin.
I would like to tell you a bit more about Ann. I'll preface this with the fact that I have known Ann since 2005 when we both began our Robert Richardson Secular Fellowship, which I have shared on prior shows. It was an amazing three-year opportunity to have leaders really trying to help push us and expand our leadership skills. So I'm delighted to have Ann on the show.
Currently, Ann is the Acting Director of the National Institute of Nursing Research and is the Scientific Director of the National Institute of Nursing Research Division of Intramural Research. She's a well-known scientist and leader in the field of nursing science with expertise and genetic markers that protect clinical outcomes. From 2011 to 2013, Dr. Cashin served as the senior advisor to the Office of the Director and Acting Scientific Director before being appointed Scientific Director in November of 2013.
Dr. Cashin was named the National Institute of Nursing Research Acting Deputy Director in January of 2018. I've always known that Ann calls herself a scientist and a fascinating work and I'm really excited to learn more this evening, so welcome Ann. Thank you.
Thank you very much, Joyce. I'm so pleased to be here. Thank you for having me on your show and I'm really excited to hear some of my experiences and about nursing science with your listeners tonight. Wonderful.
So maybe we could begin by having you tell us about your journey from being a nurse in a clinical setting to now being the head of the National Institute of Nursing Research. Well, it's been quite a journey and it's been an unexpected journey. That's something that I planned from when I was a child at all. So I was a clinical nurse for almost 20 years in an intensive peer unit.
Along the way I had three boys and continued to work primarily the day shift in ICU. At some point in time I decided that it was really getting physically challenging for me to do that and started to explore new options and look for new adventures. So after talking to consulting with a lot of people, I was living in Little Rock, Arkansas at the time, and consulting with those in the university system on what to do next. It became apparent to them that I was looking for a program that would allow me to move into research and to get a PhD.
So that is what I did. And from there I actually got a faculty position at the University of Tennessee in Memphis and had an opportunity there to work with a renowned scientist who really did provide the mentoring and the assistance that's needed to write grants and to decide how to put research studies together. So that was extremely fortunate that I had that opportunity and I was able to continue to work in that direction. And I guess to actually get all the way here to Washington DC and actually Bethesda, Maryland is where the National Institutes of Health is located.
And to get here, I actually had to lean in a little bit more and when I got a phone call and recognized it as an opportunity to be recruited up here, I did come about eight years ago and have been here exploring different ways to conduct and to lead a research program while I've been at the National Institutes of Health. It's really interesting that you would share what you have in terms of your pathway because on prior shows other guests have also shared that they weren't necessarily looking for the role they were in today but they were very open to new opportunities and when certain doors opened they took the risk and they went through the door and tried it. So you've had similar experiences and your area is extremely specialized. So I was curious, you know, some of our listeners may already be nurses practicing clinical settings thinking maybe I'd like to be able to do nursing research and become a scientist someday.
So what would you say really helped you get prepared to transition into this kind of career in clinical care to research and science? That's an excellent question, Joyce. To prepare, you need to actually have mentors. You need to have individuals who have actually who are, have a P for science but to do clinical science as a nurse.
It's my view that you need to have a PhD because when you get a PhD, you actually are trained in research design and methods. What nursing also brings to the table is that we care about patients. So our vision of how to conduct research is very patient oriented. Now we do have nurses who work in basic science in the bench and conduct science in labs but so many of us are really interested in patients and how we can more directly make a difference in patients here.
So I think it's important to look for the right mentors and to look, so I did mention that I have three sons and so I always, yeah, and anybody with children knows that planning or career, I will say as particularly as a woman, that planning a career can be challenging. So it's always important to make sure that it does fit with your family as well. And my family, I always had to have the idea that my family would benefit from me doing these experiences. For example, when I was going, getting my doctoral degree, my children were in nursery school and junior elementary school, they ranged in ages around those ages.
And when I had to study so much of the time, I actually felt like I was a role model for them in studying and they really could not complain to me about doing their homework. So I think, yeah, some of the experiences I had I think actually allowed me to show my children some of my value systems. I've always said to my son and daughter, you have to learn how to learn and you have to understand that learning is lifelong. So I would agree with you that that was really great role modeling.
Also, I would imagine at times was also challenging to keep that balance because the PhD program is pretty rigorous. You must have kind of agreed with this. So is there anything else that you would like to share as far as like why you really found the passion in doing this kind of research? Was there anything that triggered you that made you really think this is the path I want to go on or was it just a natural sort of journey?
So to me, research is problem solving. And in problem solving within the context of patients and how nurses can make a difference because the research we conduct here is actually providing the underpinning for nursing practice. So I enjoy problem solving and trying to figure out a better way to do something. So that, of the opportunities I had, research provided that for me to look for and for new questions that I found in the clinical setting.
That's great. I think that's a wonderful because that was kind of like a differentiator for you, which I think is really exciting to hear. So right now, this is all about nursing. I'm Dr.
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I'm Dr. Joyce Batchelor, the host of the show. And prior to our break, Dr. Anne Cachin was telling us about her journey moving from a nurse that worked in a clinical setting to becoming the head of the National Institute of Nursing Research and certainly has had a very interesting pathway to doing some very, very exciting work.
What I thought would be interesting for us to begin to learn more about is that I understand our 27 institutes and centers at the National Institutes of Health. And I had no idea that there were that many. So can you tell us more about the National Institute of Nursing Research and why this work is so important? Sure.
Thank you. Yes, I can. So the National Institute of Nursing Research is part of the National Institute with an Institute of Health and the National Institute of Health is the nation's premier federal biomedical research agency. And we're also part of the Department of Health and Human Services.
So many of your listeners may have heard of the National Cancer Institute. We at the National Institutes of Nursing Research are separate from the National Cancer Institute, but we're all part of the National Institutes of Health. And I'll just call it NIH for right now. NIH has a budget of approximately $39, almost $40 billion with a bee.
So they have a large budget and INR has a very, has a small portion of that, in fact, a very small portion of that. We have almost $170 million is our budget around that. But we support research that would be used by nurses in clinical settings. And there are about 3 million nurses in the U.S.
as you well know. So we are focused on providing research outcomes that will positively influence the patient outcomes of our nurses. So while most of the NIH institutes are really focused on health conditions or a specific part of the population, INR is unique because our primary focus is on improving the quality of a person's life, not necessarily on curing a disease. So our work spans all age groups and across all various conditions and illnesses.
And it begins with the research and ends with patient care. So an example of what we do is we funded a study that looked at a device that was worn by teens with asthma and continuously monitored them for symptoms of their disease. So this wearable technology lets the teens learn more about their asthma and improves their self-management of their symptoms. So our priorities are working with symptoms, with self-management, with wellness, with technology.
Another example, though, that may be a little more surprising to your listeners is that some of our scientists are funded to look at genes and proteins in the blood. For example, to develop a new test to diagnose traumatic brain injury more quickly and accurately. This is one that's being used by the military as well as being developed for use with athletes. So it's a very important part of science overall in traumatic brain injury.
So those are some of the things about the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Nursing Research. So are there other key issues that the National Institute of Nursing Research is really the primary authority on that you would like to share? Yes, there are. So as I mentioned, our mission is to improve patient care.
And we do that through strategic areas of symptom science. So we're exploring symptoms, self-management of symptoms, technology, wellness. And then we also do work with palliative care in end of life. So we are the lead researcher or their lead research group for that, which is very exciting for us to be involved in that.
So we're particularly looking with the palliative care and end of life. We're looking at evidence-based palliative care models that are functioning within systems around the United States. That's wonderful. That's such important work as you know.
I really, that's very exciting. And I was curious, can you give us an example of what the National Institute of Nursing Research Public Health Awareness Campaign has been doing to address an immediate impact on all of our lives? Yes. So many of us who have been in the clinical care setting know that it can be hard for health care professionals to talk about palliative care with their patients, particularly with children.
So we have developed a campaign called palliative care conversation matter that NINR developed for pediatric groups. And this initiative offers resources for health care providers and families with seriously ill children. The campaign includes material for families such as brochures, videos, resource cards, and back sheets, as well as provider toolkits. And although some families can be resistant to hearing about palliative care, once they are introduced to palliative care, it can have a huge impact on their quality of life and their child's quality of life.
For example, one mother told us about her family's experience with palliative care when taking care of her daughter who was diagnosed with neuroblastoma before receiving palliative care. Her child was frightened of any time a doctor or nurse walked into the room. But once she actually met with a palliative care team, and many local institutions now have palliative care teams that are interdisciplinary teams, they have social workers, as well as nurses and medical staff. But once the palliative care team becomes part of the clinical care of the patient, such as a daughter in this case, the mother really talked about how it just changed the quality of her child's experiences from then on.
And she was a much happier child, which obviously was what the mother wanted. So I really would like to refer your listeners to our website, which is www.nir.nih.gov. And you can, of course, Google NINR and find it as well. And there's a video on there.
We have a YouTube video that actually shares some mother's experiences with palliative care. And we've been very, very excited about this particular public health awareness campaign. That's very exciting and extremely important work. So thank you so much for sharing that.
We are coming to you live from the Vegan Global Network and Tune in Radio for the All About Nursing Show. I'm Dr. Joyce Matchelor. And we're going to continue this conversation when we come back.
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Get in touch today. I'm your host, Dr. Joyce Bachelor and all about nursing and we're live on the Beebeom Global Network and Tune in Radio. Prior to the break, Dr.
Cashin was telling us about some of the key issues that the National Institute of Nursing Research is working on. It was pretty exciting to hear around the wearables with helping to have teenagers and others be able to really do a better job of managing their asthma, which is definitely an important contribution. Also, the palliative care awareness campaign that's been developed and Dr. Cashin didn't say that this is available on the ninr.nih.gov website.
So listeners can certainly go online and learn more about that. It's got videos and some really amazing tools on a very particularly difficult conversation topic to have. But one that when you do palliative care right and you help people celebrate the end of their lives, it's actually extremely rewarding. So thank you so much for all that wonderful work.
So I was curious, Anne, if you could tell us what researchers are currently working on at the National Institute of Nursing Research. Yes, as I was saying earlier, the National Institutes of Health houses 27 institutes and centers of which the National Institute of Nursing Research is one of those. We are located, the National Institutes of Health is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and it's a very large campus. I'd like to describe it as being similar to a college campus with big buildings, but most of our big buildings actually have house research laboratories.
The National Institute of Nursing Research, NINR, has several laboratories here at NIH. And we have our in-house scientists, which is called our intramural program, that conduct work here. That these scientists are nurse scientists. We have a very diverse cohort of scientists here.
And they are working on both basic and clinical resource related to digestive disorders, cancer related to tea, traumatic brain injury, and post-traumatic stress disorders, as well as sensory deficits. So we primarily use what we call the NIH symptom science model in order to focus on symptoms associated with each of these disorders. And look at how the symptoms are displayed, which is commonly known as the phenotype. And then we go further into the lab area and are looking at some of the genetic markers that help us to determine what the phenotype is and how they are associated with the symptoms.
But what we're most focused on is on creating, developing interventions. For example, one of our NINR scientists is examining the role of gene activity in injury and recovery, and symptoms following blast into traumatic brain injury in active-duty military personnel. So she was she is comparing those individuals with a record of blast-induced traumatic brain injury to control participants without traumatic brain injury and has identified several genes and proteins that may be important in actually treating these individuals in the future, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of the treatments that they are receiving. In another recent study, a team of scientists that analyzed the genome profile of men with prostate cancer, who were experiencing significant fatigue a year after radiation treatment.
I think clinically, we all recognize that the tea can be a very vague symptom, but it is nonetheless a symptom that can actually immobilize our patients. So it is something that we here at NINR are trying to better define clinically, as well as to find markers to predict who will have fatigue in specific conditions such as those with prostate cancer. So a third example of that. Can I give one more example?
Yeah, no, that's great. Very exciting. Yeah, this one is that we have a patent pending methodology to actually test stool samples rapidly at the point of need of infection pathogens. So this test that has been developed here is actually one in 2018 American Gethro and Test Interological Association Tech Summit.
So they actually have shark tanks now for research projects. And so we won that, Dr. Henderson, one of the investigators here, won that in a very exciting work that she is doing. And that is for poorly resourced areas to be able to use this stool to look for pathogens in children's diarrhea.
That's very exciting. That's really exciting. I mean, that's really exciting. I'm impressed with all three that you've talked about because they have huge implications for so many people that I'm sure are going to be very appreciative.
And if all these different things you've figured out really do work. So thank you for sharing that. I've always been curious because I know that you run your own lab and so I'd really love to know Ann. Can you tell us more about what you do in your own lab?
So I started my research program when I was a professor at the University of Tennessee. And I was funded by the National Institutes of Health. My area was in solid organ transplants. This program that I'm going to talk to you about right now is related to kidney transplantation.
What we found in a clinical setting is that they gained significant weight up to 70 or 80 pounds the first year after transplant. Next, clinically, we weren't sure why they were gaining this weight. So we began conducting descriptive studies to identify the factors involved. At one point, I was able to actually look at diet, exercise, as well as genetics of the individual and was able to decide whether or not any of these factors combined would help us predict who was going to gain weight so that our nurse practitioners in a clinical setting could actually incorporate this into their care of the patient and provide a different level of care for individuals who were going to gain these 80 pounds or so.
So we're still actually doing some of that research when I moved here to Bethesda, Maryland. What I did was bring my samples with me and with the unique equipment that we had here at NIH, I was able to further interrogate the samples that we had, which were both adipose fat samples as well as blood samples, to identify some of the underlying biologic mechanisms. So again, that's still really in production and we're really excited about the results that we're finding. And we hope that we will be able to change some of the clinical care that these individuals receive in the future.
That's fascinating and very exciting because you certainly want to solve it problem when you have a kidney transplant, not then have them gaining some of your pounds and have other complications. So thank you very much for sharing that. Very exciting and congratulations. We are coming to you live from the Vegan Global Network in Toonen Radio.
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Prior to the break, Dr. Cashier was telling us about amazing work that's going on at the National Institute of Nursing Research related to all sorts of things to help people with dramatic brain injuries and prostate cancers and her specific work around solid organ transplants and trying to determine what patients might be more likely to gain 70 plus pounds. I was fascinated as you were speaking and because I actually led a kidney pancreas liver transplant program at one point and I don't remember us talking about this as much but I was more the administrative than but it certainly is a very exciting opportunity to really impact a whole lot of people. So what I'd like to do because I think this is another important area to really explore is have you tell us ways that the National Institute of Nursing Research supports research that's being done around the country?
Joyce, you've given the opportunity and the previous segments to really talk about our in-house or intramural research and as the scientific director over that program, which I'm very proud of, I've been able to share what we're doing here. The intramural or in-house program gets about 20% of our funds, the majority, the vast majority of the funds that come to the National Institute of Nursing Research from Congress, the 80% of it goes out to our extramural colleagues. And so the National Institute of Nursing Research funds the research of nurse scientists at universities and other institutions across the nation. Most faculty would be aware of these research programs that are funded.
So we provide funding for research studies that would actually influence the care of the patients, whether it be care given by nurses or physicians or other health care providers. And we're looking for ways for individuals, for people and families to live well in their daily lives, whatever their age or illness. So some of the examples, well first let me say the mission of NINR is to promote and improve the health of individuals, families and communities. And examples of what we do, I think will ring true to your listening audience.
For example, many nurses who work in neonatal units are concerned about the amount of time neonates actually spend in the intensive care unit. So we have funded a program for parents, a premature baby, to decrease their stress level, the parent stress level. And this is what we believe will shorten the amount of time the baby spend in a neonatal intensive care unit and will also lower health care costs associated with premature birth. So we're looking at stress levels as an example.
So frequently challenged by managing symptoms experienced by individuals and their caregivers. For example, a palliative care intervention for individuals and their caregivers facing the challenges of advanced heart failure in a rural south seeks to provide relief from symptoms, stress and burden. Another program that we fund is using a culturally tailored community-based model of palliative care to support patient navigation intervention in seriously ill-Latina from both urban and rural areas. And so this particular program is addressing disparities in care.
So as you can see, we actually fund community programs. We fund programs with chronic illness. We fund use a variety of research designs from community-based models to basic science models. So it's an exciting area and exciting time to be a nurse scientist.
So we support also, just another one is adolescents is a difficult time for a child with a chronic condition. As many of us know, as children grow into adulthood, they really have a difficult time dealing with diabetes or asthma. So we have a recent NINR support study examined the roles of families and how they can play and how they experience these symptoms along with the adolescents, particularly adolescents in this study, are living with HIV. So they're looking at symptoms such as pain and fatigue and trouble sleeping and breathing.
So it's very important for the families to be able to understand what their adolescent siblings or children are going through. So those are some examples. Yes. So we've touched on a lot of things that I think people probably hear in the news, which is needing to work on a culture of health and the social determinants of health.
We know a lot about your zip code. You can find out if there's a report on the R.W.J. Foundation website that tells you how long you're likely to live based on the zip code that you live in. So that's very, very exciting.
I was curious if you could describe other ways that the research that the Institute is doing supports the impacts of the community surrounding us in such a major area that we need to focus on. So just as you said, we do support a lot of research on social determinants of health. We actually use community based models to look at these determinants. And so we are now also getting into the area of precision health initiative.
Many people have thought the precision health initiative was primarily about genomics and genetics and collecting samples and doing genetic work. But what we're finding is we're moving into the precision health medicine age that wearables and obtaining zip code information, as you mentioned, as well as many dietary information is probably going to tell us as much, if not more, than some of the genetic information is being able to tell us, at least at this point in time. So we are very involved in that as well as data science and looking at large data sets and trying, working with healthcare systems to actually evaluate how they work best. That's fascinating because we certainly know that there are a lot of schools that are still trying to get the unhealthy food out of the cafeteria that our children eat.
And as you described, adolescents have a lot of challenges, particularly with chronic diseases like diabetes. So this is exciting for us to be learning about. Right now, this is all about nursing. I'm your host, Dr.
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I'm Dr. Joyce Bachelor, the host of the show. And prior to the break, Dr. Cash was telling us about the numerous ways that the National Tutor and Nursing Research supports research around the country and really looking at how it also is really beginning to impact the communities in which a lot of you live, which was really very exciting to hear.
And I know that the universities certainly compete on this, particularly in the Nursing Arena because there certainly are certain universities that are well known for the amount of research that they do in the NIH funding that they receive. So it's pretty exciting to hear all of the things that your team is working on, Ann. So you have shared your career and how you got to where you are today. And I was just curious.
So if there's a way for you to maybe help us think about nursing students and practicing nurses that how should they begin to consider this research path? Are there things that they should be thinking about or questions that they should ask themselves? So my experience as a researcher has been very rewarding. So I do recommend science.
I particularly personally like clinical science because it allows me to still have close patient contact and my research questions come from the clinical setting. So I think research is a perfect area for nurses to go into because also because they have a unique perspective that they can bring and lead a research team. So as a nurse, your experience of caring for patients helps inform your research practice. A nurse scientist can turn the traditional research paradigm upside down and start with a clinical question.
They're not just theorizing from a book. They actually have usually almost every nurse scientist that I speak to or work with is in an area of science because they had a patient with that clinical problem. And it just spurred them into asking questions that then propelled them into a research career. So as a clinician, you can help those that you directly care for.
And you can work with end-of-it clinicians all over the world. And you can change the way we care for patients. So you can make a bigger impact if you can conduct research and get findings that move into changes, move into practice. So it's a great job to have.
And I do recommend that nurses try to move into if they're really serious about science that they start early in their career so that they have a longer period of time that they can actually conduct science. And I know here at the National Institute of Health and NINR, we are really putting together programs that will help individuals move earlier in their career into the science pathway. That's very important because I know that there's a lot of work going on at the national level to also assure that we are encouraging and helping to find more nurses that want to go the PhD route. With the introduction of the Doctor of Nursing Practice degree, there certainly has been an increased number of nurses getting doctoral level degrees.
But we're wanting to make sure that that balance is out there. And so as you've been speaking tonight, I think that I'm hearing very clearly the rationale in terms of how that PhD can really set you up for doing some incredible work that really does require more specialized methodologies from what you've been describing. So do you have students that get exposed to what the work that you're doing because you were talking earlier about how you had a mentor and I was just curious if the National Institute of Nursing Research offers terms like training programs and or mentor opportunities or just getting to shadow somebody like you would be fun for many of those nurses that may be thinking about this kind of career path? So as we have actually opportunities in all those areas, so a fundamental part of NINR's mission and NINR's mission is to develop the next generation of scientists.
We have online resources at our web sites that include developing nurse scientists as a course that people can take. But I particularly recommend some of our classes that are offered here in Bethesda. They are training programs. One of them is called a methodology boot camp and it's a one-week intensive research training course.
This year we're doing our, it's called Precision Health and Big Data and it's getting into artificial intelligence and ways to look at data to solve some of our emerging healthcare problems. We also have a graduate partnership program which is for students to actually move to Bethesda and to work within our intramural labs, our NINR intramural lab and do their dissertation. So you are PhD students and have completed your coursework. You can come here and we will work with your home institution to develop a program for you to do your dissertation research in.
So that's extremely exciting and individuals who are graduates of that program are poised to be excellent faculty members and to obtain further grants from NIH. We also have the Summer Genetic Institute which is a month long course that provides the, again, it's in-house here and you actually get a foundation in molecular genetics that you can use in developing a research program also in clinical practice. So those are some of the very precise training awards training that we do but we also fund through what are called F31s and F32s. They are funding mechanisms, funds to individuals who are doing their doctoral work or their post doctoral work as well as early career awards to help training awards for new faculty members to learn specific research skills.
And all of that information is available on our website and that's where you can go at NINR, I actually forgot the website name right now, but NINR.nih.gov and you can learn more about this. Talk about that. Yeah, no, as you were speaking, I was thinking to myself, wow, I mean, it's almost like those of us that, because I work with a lot of chief nursing officers, as you know, and other people that are on the clinical side. And I'm not sure that we do a really good job of helping our staff understand all these opportunities.
And it seems like maybe there's a little refresher that needs to happen for a lot of nursing leaders in general that may have staff to your point that are interested, that are young and are looking. And this is a great opportunity for them to look at what you all do offer because it's impressive. And even though I know you and I've been very active involved, this is amazing to see you on here, all the incredible training programs. So thank you so much for sharing that in.
This is all about nursing. I'm your host, Dr. Joyce Batchler. We're live on the B-Bimple of the Network and Tune in Radio and we will be right back.
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Sign up for a complimentary life reinvention consultation today at tinyurl.com forward slash get started for free for more of what life has in store. The principal piece of advice that I have is that nurses frequently under value their ability to lead teams. And I advise them to lead research teams, to lead teams within clinical setting, not consider themselves just excellent team members and that we need to sit around the table. You need to sit ahead of the table.
You need to be a leader, and you are able to do that, and I think we frequently forget that we have been trained in managing teams that we have a lot of experience in this area and we are very skilled at doing that. So first and primarily I tell people, I tell nurses to lead the team and realize that they can. So the second piece would be that I urge those with a real interest in research and science to pursue a PhD early in their career and not to make the PhD their lifelong project. That they need to spend three or four years getting their PhD and then graduate and move on to a scientific career.
Find a mentor early in your career, talk to people, talk to lots of people and get mentors from different sections. I actually had a federal FedEx mentor so I would understand management better. So you don't even need to have mentors consistently within your nursing. Look outside of nursing so you can get different philosophies, different methodologies on how to be a leader.
Once you are a leader, don't forget, yes, do be a mentor, mentor those coming following you but also be a sponsor. There's a difference between being a mentor and a sponsor. A sponsor is someone who actually takes a mentee to a meeting and introduces them to the right people or suggest their mentee as a person to put on a particular board. So remember that what you need to do as a sponsor is to push people forward.
Not just teach them how to do something well. You need to actually introduce them to the right people. So those are, I've talked about attending training programs. I have not talked about diversity but that is a key thing is to actually include diverse people on your teams as well as when you're looking for mentors because you need to understand how science can be viewed from a diverse group of individuals.
So those are just some of the things I don't want to take all your last time. No, this has been awesome and I really appreciate you being on the show. I think that the consumers and light people in general that are listening have learned a lot about the impact nurses are having and the incredible work that the National Institute of Nursing Research is doing and under your leadership, obviously it's flourishing. So thanks again for everything you do and for being on the show.
You are listening to All About Nursing Live from the Vegan Global Network in Tune & Radio. I'm Dr. Joyce Batch, I'm the host of the show. Tune in next week.
Thank you very much. You've been listening to All About Nursing with your host, Dr. Joyce Batchler. Tune in each week and get a daily dose of nursing and the healthcare services they provide and how nurses are finding innovative ways to address the key healthcare issues they're facing today.
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