Are potential supporters of the English Defence League economic losers, protestors, Islamophobes or xenophobes?

n recent years several European states have seen the emergence of 'counter-Jihad' movements, which in contrast to the established populist radical right eschew electoral politics and put stronger emphasis on mobilizing opposition to Islam and Muslims. Despite attracting attention, counter-Jihad movements and the predictors of their support are under researched. Drawing on a new survey and sample of self-identified supporters, we investigate the predictors of public support for the English Defence League (EDL), the inaugural 'defence league' in Europe.