Atonement Study: Penal Substitution VS Christus Victor

Does the cross change God, or does it change us? Where was the Holy Spirit during the cross?  Did Jesus drink the cup of Gods wrath or was it something else?  Is it reasonable to infer our own interpretation as 'gospel truth'.  Why did it take 1,000 years for the doctrine of PSA to become accepted as mainstream theology? What did theologians believe before that?  How does the wrath view of the cross compare with the Christus Victor view?