“Attack at Pearl Harbor: Opting for War with Eyes Closed”

"AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR.  THIS IS NOT DRILL."     – US Navy dispatch, December 7, 1941.In this episode we look at one of the all-too frequent examples of a successful surprise attack in modern warfare.  Most students of history are familiar with the basics: an (un)fortunate set of circumstances enabled Japanese carrier air forces to achieve complete surprise and inflict heavy damage to US military forces at the Hawaiian naval base.  Here we dig a little deeper to investigate why the Japanese decided to go to war with the United States and ultimately why the attack failed to achieve the strategic goal set out by its planners.  Seen mostly from the Japanese perspective, it is a tale of how pressures on policymakers and commanders often push them into making decisions against their better judgement and issuing vague military orders that result in sloppy execution.