Bryan Betty: Younger Onset Type 2 Diabetes

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?   Diabetes affects more than 300,000 people in New Zealand and costs the country $2.1 billion a year in health costs (0.67% of GDP!).   It occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to control blood sugar.   Type 1: Usually begins in younger people; an autoimmune reaction destroys the pancreas so it can’t make insulin. Type 2: More common with age; the pancreas wears out over time and doesn’t produce enough insulin.     What is happening with Type 2 diabetes in New Zealand?   Over 250,000 New Zealanders have Type 2 diabetes, previously seen mostly in people over 50.   Over the past 25 years, it is increasingly occurring in younger people – even those in their early teens and children.   It’s particularly effecting Māori, Pasifika, and Asian young people; this pattern was not seen 30 years ago.   This is a new and concerning trend.     Why is this occurring?   The exact cause is unclear, but it is seen worldwide, especially in Indigenous populations.   It is complex – caused by more than just lifestyle.   Likely involves genetics, strong family history, maternal diabetes in pregnancy, and some lifestyle factors. More research is needed.     Why should we be worried?   Early-onset Type 2 diabetes seems to have a more aggressive course.   Complications such as kidney disease, heart disease, and strokes occur earlier.   It’s a significant cost to the health system, and an even greater cost to patients, whānau, and communities.     What can we do about it?   Improve awareness and education.   Provide strong wrap-around support for young people with diabetes.   Know the symptoms and see your GP – weight loss, tiredness, frequent urination, and excessive thirst.   Remember: diabetes can occur at any age.    LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.