Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome (AHA 2023; Mentioned in ESAP 2026)

This episode reviews the cardiovascular kidney metabolic (CKM) syndrome framework introduced by the American Heart Association, which describes the interconnected progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. The discussion highlights CKM staging and emphasizes early cardiometabolic risk recognition and preventive therapy including statins, blood pressure control, glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and renin angiotensin system blockade to reduce cardiovascular and kidney complications.