Cleft Lip Repair — Embryology, Surgical Techniques, and Reconstruction Principles

This episode reviews the core principles of cleft lip deformity and repair, focusing on embryology, anatomy, and surgical reconstruction.Topics include failure of fusion between the medial nasal and maxillary prominences (weeks 4–7), cleft epidemiology, and key concepts such as the 631 rule and 4917 recurrence rule. The episode also explores abnormal anatomy, including orbicularis oris muscle malposition and characteristic nasal deformities.Clinical considerations such as cleft classification systems (Veau, Kernahan, LAHSHAL), syndromic associations including Van der Woude syndrome, and the role of presurgical infant orthopedics (NAM) are also discussed.Surgical strategies are reviewed, including Millard rotation-advancement, Mohler modification, and Fisher anatomic subunit repair, as well as principles of muscle reorientation, cleft rhinoplasty, and bilateral repair techniques.Part of Dr. Lara’s Plastic Surgery Compendium — a high-yield audio reference for plastic surgery trainees and surgeons.DisclaimerThis podcast is intended for educational purposes only and is designed for medical students, residents, fellows, and practicing healthcare professionals. It is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment for any individual patient. The content presented reflects general surgical principles and should not be used as a substitute for formal medical training, clinical judgment, or consultation with qualified healthcare professionals. Listening to this podcast does not establish a physician–patient relationship.