Clever Hans The Horse of Mr Von Osten - Oskar Pfungst

Oskar Pfungst's "Clever Hans: The Horse of Mr. Von Osten" is a fascinating exploration of the remarkable Orlov Trotter horse that was believed to perform complex arithmetic and other intellectual feats. Through meticulous investigative journalism, Pfungst conducts a series of experiments that ultimately reveal the mechanisms behind Hans's seemingly extraordinary abilities. This classic study highlights the observer-expectancy effect, a concept that remains significant in contemporary discussions of animal intelligence and research methodologies.