Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Pharmacology: Nitrates, Antiarrhythmics, and Emergency Care

In this episode, we examine the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the key pharmacologic therapies used to manage ischemia and cardiac dysrhythmias. We’ll explore how atherosclerotic plaque formation restricts coronary blood flow, leading to stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction. Special focus is given to nitrates, reviewing how they dilate vessels to reduce cardiac workload and improve oxygen supply-demand balance. We’ll also break down the Vaughan-Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs, highlighting the mechanisms and clinical uses of sodium, beta, potassium, and calcium channel blockers. Throughout the episode, we emphasize essential nursing considerations, including vital sign monitoring, recognition of medication toxicities, and the administration of emergency cardiac medications during life-threatening events. Patient education strategies are also discussed to promote safe handling, proper storage, and adherence to cardiovascular therapies. This episode equips nurses with the clinical reasoning skills needed to manage complex cardiac conditions safely and effectively.