Cross-Cultural Interations

Chapter 21 Class Notes Travelers Marco Polo 1253 -1324 Ibn Battuta 1326-1346 Trade-Diplomacy -Missionary Imulse Technology Exchange Trade Cities Khanbaliq, Hongzhou, Quangzo, Melaka Cambay, Samarkand, Constantinople Hormuz, Bagdhad, Venice Characteristic: Strategic Location Maintain Order Resist Heavy Taxation Exchange Magnetic Compas, Cotton to Africa Sugarcane Gunpowder (Golden Horde-Russia) Beubonic Plague, economic contraction Ming Dynasty Hongwu: increase Confucian civil service Mandarins as scholar officials Eunichs as Imperial Court Rebuild irrigation system Re-invigorate manufacturing Yongle: resinicization Yongle encyclopedia Cultural Traditions Europe Increase trade = increase taxation =standing armies Italian City States strengthen Hundred Years war Creates identity for France & England Direct taxation =Monarchies Spain Isabella & Ferdinand Reconquista Support exploration Explorers China: Zheng He treasure ships Portugeuses: Henry The Navigator Navigation school of ship captains, builders, silors and cartographers Dias: 1488 Columbus 1492 Da Gama 1497 Renaissance Sculpture – Painter- Architect Humanism Emotion in paintings More realistic paintings and musculature sculptures Revisit Cicero – private Chritian and yet Public service Reconciles Christianity Urban and Commercial centers require this modification to Christianity Allows the development of private property – profit gaining – business ventures by low or middle class Profits don’t necessarily go to Feudal King or Monarc