第103期：城市森林里的变形记

在城市里，纯“野生”的环境越来越少， 城市里的动物发生了什么样的改变呢？城市不只是咱们人类的地盘，也是野生动物的“超速进化实验室”。鸽子成了“带翅膀的老鼠”。这些“宅鸟”的活动半径离家不超过25公里，他们不向往野外，城里的高楼和垃圾成就了他们的帝国。。伦敦地铁里的蚊子也是有历史传承的，他们早在两千年前就适应了地下环境，地铁只是它们的新家而已。在日本乌鸦会把坚果放在斑马线前，等红灯时用车轮胎压碎，绿灯时再安心地开饭。多伦多的浣熊变身开锁大师，为了吃到垃圾，它们能破解市政府耗资3100万加元研发的“防浣熊智能垃圾桶”城市也无力让自然退场，而是迫使各种生命形式以惊人的速度重塑自我。参考文献：1. Carlen, E., & Munshi-South, J. (2021). Widespread genetic connectivity of feral pigeons across the Northeastern megacity.Evolutionary Applications, 14(1), 150-162.2. Hamer, A. J., Smith, P. J., & McDonnell, M. J. (2012). The importance of habitat design and aquatic connectivity in amphibian use of urban stormwater retention ponds.Urban Ecosystems, 15(2), 451-471.3. Jerolmack, C. (2008). How pigeons became rats: The cultural-spatial logic of problem animals.Social Problems, 55(1), 72-94.4. Johnson, M. T. J., & Munshi-South, J. (2017). Evolution of life in urban environments.Science, 358(6363), eaam8327.5. Nihei, Y. (1995). Variations of behaviour of Carrion Crows Corvus corone using automobiles as nutcrackers. Japanese Journal of Ornithology, 44(1), 21-35.6. Byrne, K., & Nichols, R. A. (1999).Culex pipiensin London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations.Heredity, 82(1), 7-15.7. Haba, Y., Aardema, M. L., Afonso, M. O., Agramonte, N. M., Albright, J., Alho, A. M., Almeida, A. P. G., Alout, H., Alten, B., Altinli, M., ... McBride, L. (2025). Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito. Science.8. Santangelo, J. S., Ness, R. W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C. R., Innes, S. G., Koch, S., Miles, L. S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P. R., Prashad, C., Tong, A. T., Aguirre, W. E., Akinwole, P. O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J. T., Anderson, J. J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N. R., Angeoletto, F., ... Johnson, M. T. J. (2022). Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.Science, 375(6586), 1275-12819. Winchell, K. M., Reynolds, R. G., Prado-Irwin, S. R., Puente-Rolón, A. R., & Revell, L. J. (2016). Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizardAnolis cristatellus.Evolution, 70(5), 1009-1022.10. Winchell, K. M., et al. (2023). Genome-wide parallelism underlies contemporary adaptation in urban lizards.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(3), e2216789120.背景音乐：Monsters (feat. Katie Sky)｜Timeflies - After Hours (Deluxe Version)