第103期：城市森林里的变形记

在城市里，纯“野生”的环境越来越少， 城市里的动物发生了什么样的改变呢？城市不只是咱们人类的地盘，也是野生动物的“超速进化实验室”。 鸽子成了“带翅膀的老鼠”。这些“宅鸟”的活动半径离家不超过25公里，他们不向往野外，城里的高楼和垃圾成就了他们的帝国。。 伦敦地铁里的蚊子也是有历史传承的，他们早在两千年前就适应了地下环境，地铁只是它们的新家而已。 在日本乌鸦会把坚果放在斑马线前，等红灯时用车轮胎压碎，绿灯时再安心地开饭。多伦多的浣熊变身开锁大师，为了吃到垃圾，它们能破解市政府耗资3100万加元研发的“防浣熊智能垃圾桶” 城市也无力让自然退场，而是迫使各种生命形式以惊人的速度重塑自我。 参考文献： 1. Carlen, E., & Munshi-South, J. (2021). Widespread genetic connectivity of feral pigeons across the Northeastern megacity.Evolutionary Applications, 14(1), 150-162. 2. Hamer, A. J., Smith, P. J., & McDonnell, M. J. (2012). The importance of habitat design and aquatic connectivity in amphibian use of urban stormwater retention ponds.Urban Ecosystems, 15(2), 451-471. 3. Jerolmack, C. (2008). How pigeons became rats: The cultural-spatial logic of problem animals.Social Problems, 55(1), 72-94. 4. Johnson, M. T. J., & Munshi-South, J. (2017). Evolution of life in urban environments.Science, 358(6363), eaam8327. 5. Nihei, Y. (1995). Variations of behaviour of Carrion Crows Corvus corone using automobiles as nutcrackers. Japanese Journal of Ornithology, 44(1), 21-35. 6. Byrne, K., & Nichols, R. A. (1999).Culex pipiensin London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations.Heredity, 82(1), 7-15. 7. Haba, Y., Aardema, M. L., Afonso, M. O., Agramonte, N. M., Albright, J., Alho, A. M., Almeida, A. P. G., Alout, H., Alten, B., Altinli, M., ... McBride, L. (2025). Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito. Science. 8. Santangelo, J. S., Ness, R. W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C. R., Innes, S. G., Koch, S., Miles, L. S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P. R., Prashad, C., Tong, A. T., Aguirre, W. E., Akinwole, P. O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J. T., Anderson, J. J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N. R., Angeoletto, F., ... Johnson, M. T. J. (2022). Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.Science, 375(6586), 1275-1281 9. Winchell, K. M., Reynolds, R. G., Prado-Irwin, S. R., Puente-Rolón, A. R., & Revell, L. J. (2016). Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizardAnolis cristatellus.Evolution, 70(5), 1009-1022. 10. Winchell, K. M., et al. (2023). Genome-wide parallelism underlies contemporary adaptation in urban lizards.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(3), e2216789120. 背景音乐： Monsters (feat. Katie Sky)｜Timeflies - After Hours (Deluxe Version)