第105期：“沉鱼落雁”还是“望风而逃？” 看到美女，我先飞为敬

最近有一项新的科学研究，结果很有意思 - 公园里的鸟，居然更“怕”女生？这篇文章在2025年底发表于《People and Nature》，横跨了欧洲五国七城，对37种共2701只鸟进行了精密的测试。结果发现：在面对女性的时候，鸟类的“惊飞距离”（FID）平均多出整整1米！这意味着，鸟类允许男性比女性多靠近11%的距离才逃跑。为什么会这样？什么原因呢？那请您听我们聊聊吧！参考文献：Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Mikula P, et al. (2026). Sex matters: European urban birds flee approaching women sooner than approaching men. People and Nature, 8: 316–326. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.70226Ydenberg RC, Dill LM. (1986). The economics of fleeing from predators. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 16: 229–249. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60192-8Blumstein DT. (2006). Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: How life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds. Animal Behaviour, 71: 389–399. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.010Weston MA, McLeod EM, Blumstein DT, Guay PJ. (2012). A review of flight-initiation distances and their application to managing disturbance to Australian birds. Emu, 112: 269–286. DOI: 10.1071/MU12026Møller AP. (2008). Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63: 63–75. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-008-0636-ySamia DSM, Blumstein DT, Díaz M, et al. (2017). Rural–urban differences in escape behavior of European birds across a latitudinal gradient. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 5: 66. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00066Nepali A, Katuwal HB, Kc S, et al. (2024). Flight initiation distance and bird tolerance to humans in rural and urban habitats. Royal Society Open Science, 11: 240332. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240332Coetzer C, Bouwman H. (2017). Waterbird flight initiation distances at Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, South Africa. Koedoe, 59(1): a1419. DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1419Seco Pon JP, et al. (2026). Risk-taking behavior in three Fulica species inhabiting an urban coastal lagoon in Mar del Plata city, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Ecología Austral, 36: 176–189. DOI: 10.25260/EA.26.36.2.0.2607Morelli F, Mikula P, Blumstein DT, et al. (2022). Flight initiation distance and refuge in urban birds. Science of the Total Environment, 842: 156939. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156939Møller AP, Liang W, Samia DSM. (2019). Flight initiation distance, color and camouflage. Current Zoology, 65: 535–540. DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz005Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Díaz M, et al. (2019). Contagious fear: Escape behavior increases with flock size in European gregarious birds. Ecology and Evolution, 9: 6096–6104. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5193Kalb N, Anger F, Randler C. (2019). Flight initiation distance and escape behavior in the black redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros). Ethology, 125: 430–438. DOI: 10.1111/eth.12867Zhou B, Liang W. (2020). Avian escape responses to observers wearing clothing of different colors: A comparison of urban and rural populations. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22: e00921. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00921Yuan K, Yang S, et al. (2024). Responses of birds to observers holding popguns: Hunting history influences escape behavior of urban birds. Current Zoology, 70: 631–636. DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoad049Sorge RE, Martin LJ, Isbester KA, et al. (2014). Olfactory exposure to males, including men, causes stress and related analgesia in rodents. Nature Methods, 11: 629–632. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2935Bird RB, Bird DW. (2008). Why women hunt: Risk and contemporary foraging in a Western Desert Aboriginal community. Current Anthropology, 49: 655–693. DOI: 10.1086/587700Haas R, Watson J, Buonasera T, et al. (2020). Female hunters of the early Americas. Science Advances, 6: eabd0310. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0310Anderson A, Chilczuk S, Nelson K, Ruther R, Wall-Scheffler C. (2023). The myth of Man the Hunter: Women’s contribution to the hunt across ethnographic contexts. PLOS ONE, 18: e0287101. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287101Amo L, López P, Martín J, et al. (2011). Smelling out predators is innate in birds. Ardea, 99: 177–184. DOI: 10.5253/078.099.0207de Resende NC, Teixeira CP, de Azevedo CS. (2024). Flight initiation distance in an urban bird: Influence of the number of people, gaze orientation, and bird behavior. Birds, 5: 255–264. DOI: 10.3390/birds5020017BGMThat Girl (feat. Veegee) [Ye Remix] - Olly Murs