第1371期:Gardener Explains Growing Filberts or Hazel Trees

In the past few years, Lee Reich, a well-known gardener, has planted several sorts of nuts, including Hazelnuts. Hazelnuts come from the hazel tree. They are often eaten and ground into a mixture that can be spread.在过去的几年里，著名的园丁李瑞奇种植了多种坚果，包括榛子。榛子来自榛树。它们经常被食用并研磨成可以传播的混合物。Hazelnuts are also known as filbert nuts, especially from the European sort. After planting the young trees, Reich found they produced their first nuts within three years. Sadly, the nuts could not be eaten. They were small and did not taste good. He did find the catkins, the male flowers, to be beautiful in the winter. And each autumn, the trees’ leaves turned to bright colors. 榛子也被称为欧洲榛子坚果。种植幼树后，Reich 发现他们在三年内生产了第一批坚果。遗憾的是，坚果不能吃。它们很小，味道不好。他确实发现柳絮，雄花，在冬天很漂亮。每年秋天，树木的叶子都会变成鲜艳的颜色。A few years after planting those trees, he planted more hazels. The newly planted trees were from a sort that was made to produce large flavorful nuts. They come from the European hazel trees. They are found around the Mediterranean area of Europe or in the northwest of North America. They produce the nuts that are found in supermarkets.种下这些树几年后，他种了更多的榛子。新种植的树来自一种用来生产大而美味的坚果。它们来自欧洲榛树。它们分布在欧洲地中海地区或北美西北部。他们生产超市里常见的坚果。Enter a disease谈及疾病A disease called filbert blight is what has historically kept people from growing filberts in the eastern United States. Blight is a name for any plant disease.一种叫做榛子枯萎病的疾病历来阻止人们在美国东部种植榛子。枯萎病是任何植物病害的名称。Filbert blight is native to North America and had little effect on hazel trees native to North America. However, it is very dangerous to the European ones.榛树枯萎病原产于北美，对北美原产的榛树影响不大。然而，这对欧洲人来说是非常危险的。The blight causes a collapse and death of the branches. The disease can go years without being seen due to its long lifetime. It can be ten years before a tree is killed.枯萎病导致树枝倒塌和死亡。由于其寿命很长，这种疾病可以持续数年而不被发现。一棵树被杀死可能需要十年时间。Easy workaround for disease轻松解决疾病Cutting off infected branches, or pruning, and spraying chemicals are two ways to deal with blight.切断受感染的树枝或修剪和喷洒化学物质是应对枯萎病的两种方法。The disease found its way to commercially grown filbert trees in northwestern North America. This created the need to find sorts of hazels that are resistant.这种疾病在北美西北部商业种植的榛树中找到了途径。这就产生了寻找各种具有抗性的榛子的需要。Two trees were identified early on: Hall’s Giant and Willamette. Now, there are many that are resistant. Lee Reich plans to plant these resistant trees in his garden.早期发现了两棵树：Hall's Giant 和 Willamette。现在，有许多抗药性。Lee Reich 计划在他的花园里种植这些抗病树木。He keeps the young trees healthy by covering the ground with mulch and, if needed, providing nutrients. He removes some leaves and branches to start new growth and to stop diseases. This also permits all the branches to have light and air. He found these efforts create 15 to 25 centimeters of new growth. This growth permits continuously good nut production.他通过用覆盖物覆盖地面来保持幼树健康，并在需要时提供营养。他移除一些叶子和树枝以开始新的生长并阻止疾病。这也让所有的树枝都有光和空气。他发现这些努力创造了 15 到 25 厘米的新增长。这种增长允许持续良好的坚果生产。Lee Reich regularly writes about gardening for The Associated Press. He has also written several books, including “Growing Figs in Cold Climates” and “The Pruning Book.”Lee Reich 定期为美联社撰写有关园艺的文章。他还写了几本书，包括“在寒冷气候下种植无花果”和“修剪书”。