第1886期:Know the Signs of Heat Stroke

The American Southwest is experiencing extremely high temperatures and that has health officials concerned. Along the U.S.-Mexico border, federal agents reported 10 deaths in early July. Another 45 people had to be rescued from the heat. The city of Phoenix, Arizona may be on its way to breaking a record for most back-to-back days with a high temperature over 43 degrees Celsius. The current record was set in 1974. Even morning low temperatures in Phoenix are tying historic records.美国西南部正在经历极高的气温，这引起了卫生官员的担忧。7 月初，联邦特工报告称，在美国和墨西哥边境，有 10 人死亡。 另有 45 人必须从酷热中获救。亚利桑那州凤凰城可能有望打破连续几天高温超过 43 摄氏度的记录。 目前的记录是 1974 年创下的。即使是凤凰城早晨的低温也追平了历史记录。Health officials are advising people to limit how much time they spend outdoors and to know the warning signs of heat sickness. Common signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke are heavy sweating and dizziness. Uncontrolled muscle movements and vomiting are also common. Heat stroke is a serious condition that happens when the body loses its ability to control temperature. This includes losing the ability to sweat.卫生官员建议人们限制户外活动时间，并了解中暑的警告信号。热衰竭和中暑的常见症状是大量出汗和头晕。 不受控制的肌肉运动和呕吐也很常见。中暑是一种严重的疾病，当身体失去控制温度的能力时就会发生。 这包括失去出汗的能力。As a person’s body temperature reaches 39 degrees Celsius, their skin gets hot and red. Their heart rate speeds up. Their head might hurt and they may feel sick to their stomach, feel confused or even lose consciousness. Jon Femling is an emergency medicine doctor and scientist at the University of New Mexico. He told the Associated Press that the body tries to cool itself by pumping blood to the skin. Also, as a person breathes heavily, they lose fluids and become dehydrated. A lot of sweating also leads to the loss of important nutrients, such as sodium and potassium. Femling said that, at first, the muscles feel tired. Then organs like the kidneys, spleen and liver can start to become damaged and stop working. At the most severe level, the brain becomes affected.当人的体温达到39摄氏度时，他们的皮肤会变得又热又红。 他们的心率加快。 他们的头可能会疼，胃部不适，感到困惑，甚至失去知觉。乔恩·费姆林 (Jon Femling) 是新墨西哥大学的急诊医学医生和科学家。 他告诉美联社，身体试图通过将血液泵送到皮肤来冷却自己。 此外，当一个人呼吸困难时，他们会失去水分并脱水。 大量出汗还会导致重要营养素的流失，例如钠和钾。费姆林说，一开始，肌肉会感到疲劳。 然后肾脏、脾脏和肝脏等器官就会开始受损并停止工作。 在最严重的情况下，大脑会受到影响。Experts say it is important for people to be able to recognize when others may be suffering from heat stroke. That is because people suffering from the condition might not realize they are in danger. Confusion could influence their thinking. If heat stroke is suspected, call 911 for emergency services. Try to lower the person’s body temperature with a cool, wet cloth or a cool bath.专家表示，人们能够识别出其他人何时可能中暑非常重要。 这是因为患有这种疾病的人可能没有意识到自己处于危险之中。 混乱可能会影响他们的思维。如果怀疑中暑，请拨打 911 寻求紧急服务。 尝试用凉爽的湿布或冷水浴来降低患者的体温。Older people, children and those with health conditions face greater risk from high temperatures. High heat puts extra pressure on the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. During extreme heat, experts urge people to stay indoors and to seek air-conditioned buildings. They also suggest drinking more water than usual, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and eating lighter meals.老年人、儿童和有健康问题的人面临更大的高温风险。 高温会给心血管系统带来额外的压力。 心血管系统包括心脏和血管。在酷热时期，专家敦促人们呆在室内并寻找有空调的建筑。 他们还建议比平常多喝水，避免咖啡因和酒精，并吃清淡的食物。